No abstract available.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to explore the experience of university students who witnessed of school violence during their formative years. METHODS: The participants in this study included 30 university students who had witnessed school violence. Analysis of the data was performed using content analysis according to Downe-Wamboldt. Data were collected from September 2015 to February 2016. RESULTS: Based on this study, there were four domains of school violence including witnessing, type of reaction, aftermath and future measures. According to the analysis, these four domains were classified into 13 variables, 32 categories and 73 significant statements. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that further research is needed to develop measures to address problems that have developed for students who have witnessed school violence.
Humans ; Violence*

Background: Stress as a cause of mental health problems is known to be more prevalent in women than in men and has a negative effect on several aspects of physical health, such as the composition of blood and saliva. This study investigated the relationship of perceived stress with blood cell counts, saliva flow rate, and saliva factors. Methods: We recruited women in their 20s with a high prevalence of stress. Stress was evaluated using the Korean version of the perceived stress scale. Blood tests included white blood cell, hemoglobin, and platelet. We then examined the saliva flow rate and cariogenic bacteria level, acidity, occult blood, buffer capacity, leukocyte level, protein level, and ammonia level using rinse water with the SILL-HaⓇ saliva test system. Results: In a total of 70 participants, the average age was 21.64 years old, the average perceived stress score was 16.96±4.32, and high levels of stress were reported by 80% of the participants (n=56). The high-stress group had lower hemoglobin levels. In addition, the high-stress group showed a lower saliva flow rate than the low-stress group, and there was a difference in the salivary acidity and buffer capacity. The total perceived stress score showed a positive correlation with acidity and negative correlation with buffer capacity and the hemoglobin level. Conclusion This study found that stress in female college students might affect the composition of blood and saliva. High levels of stress were positively correlated with the hemoglobin level, saliva flow rate, and acidity and negatively correlated with the buffer capacity.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing exercise behaviors of the male manual workers and office workers based on health promotion model by examining the relationships among them, and then to provide basic information for developing exercise program. METHODS: The 97 laborers and 99 officiers were collected from two worksites. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression. RESULTS: Male laborers' exercise behavior was significantly influenced by exercise self-efficacy, exercise social support and exercise experience over 3 months, and these factors explained 50.2% of the total variance. Male officiers' exercise behavior was significantly influenced by exercise self-efficacy, subjective health status, perceived exercise barriers and exercise social support, and they explained 47.3% of the total variance. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings that exercise self-efficacy and exercise social support commonly influence exercise behavior of male laborers and officiers, there is a need to develop an exercise program to improve exercise self-efficacy and exercise social support.
Health Promotion* ; Humans ; Male* ; Workplace

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that affect suicidal ideation in patients with chronic mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder. METHODS: The research participants were 160 patients with mental illnesses residing in B City and G Province. They responded to questionnaires about their suicidal ideation, self-esteem, depression, family support, social support, and internalized stigma of mental illness. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and STEPWISE multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. RESULTS: History of self-esteem, Depression, Social support, Psychiatric diagnosis of MDD and suicide attempt showed an explanatory power for 64% of suicidal ideation in patients with chronic mental illnesses. CONCLUSION: Specialized health and medical service personnel providing services to patients with chronic mental illnesses must determine the risk factors and protective factors for suicidal ideation associated with each illness, and establish a more individualized and systemized case management system based on customized approach.
Bipolar Disorder* ; Case Management ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder* ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; Risk Factors ; Schizophrenia* ; Suicidal Ideation* ; Suicide

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between drinking motivation, drinking refusal self-efficacy, job stress and problem drinking, and identify contributing factors on employees' problem drinking. METHODS: A total of 191 employees recruited from two worksites. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. RESULTS: A 65.5% of employees has shown as hazardous drinking. Employees' problem drinking was significantly influenced by coping motives as a sub-factors of drinking motives (beta=.25) and social pressure as a sub-factors of drinking refusal self-efficacy(beta =-.57), explained 51.2% of the total variance. CONCLUSION: Considering the results of this study, healthy workplace culture for preventing employees' problem drinking should be builded. In addition, alcohol education program and effective employee assistance program need to be developed.
Alcohol Drinking ; Disulfiram* ; Drinking* ; Education ; Humans ; Male ; Motivation* ; Workplace

PURPOSE: this study was to evaluate Cognitive Function Test for the Korean population. Digit Forward (DF), Digit Backward (DB) and Trail Making Test-A(TMT-A) and the translated version of the Trail Making Test-B (TMT-B) were used. The study examined the performance of Korean normal adult population whose age ranged from 20 to over 80. It was predicted that performances of the Korean population would be different from that of the United States population due primarily to their differences in language, and education. METHOD: Normal Korean adults at the Daejeon Metropolitan City and Chungchung Province (N=298) participated in this study. Seven age scores were evaluated; 20~29, 30~39, 40~49, 50~59, 60~69, 70~79, &>80s. The effects of age, gender, and years of education was examined, which yielded significant age and education effects. The scores were further specified accordingly in terms of years of education (0, 1~6, 7~12, 13~16, &>17), and gender. RESULT: As the age increased cognitive function score decreased. As the years of education increased, cognitive function scores increased. There was no difference in cognitive function scores according to gender. Age and year of education had significant effects on cognitive function and explained 52-58% of variants of each test. CONCLUSION: The data of the cognitive function tests are expected to be utilized for research purposes such as basic and clinical studies, as well as practical purpose such as cognitive assessment for traumatic brain injury, stroke, and elderly and nursing education for assessment tools.
Adult* ; Aged ; Brain Injuries ; Education ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Stroke ; Trail Making Test ; United States

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore perception of the clinical learning environment, resilience and perfectionism in relation to practice burnout and to identify factors influencing practice burnout in student nurses. METHODS: A descriptive correlational study was conducted. The participants were 313 student nurses from three universities in B and U city. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, Scheffés test and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Mean score for practice burnout in student nurses was 2.92 out of 5 points. Practice burnout explained 44.7% of the variance in perfectionism (β =.245, p<.001), satisfaction with college life (β =.232, p<.001), resilience (β =−.228, p<.001), clinical learning environment (β =−.193, p<.001), satisfaction with major (β =.180, p=.001), practical relationships with peers (β =.128, p=.005), and satisfaction with clinical practice (β =.124, p=.039). CONCLUSION: Research results suggest that the important variable for student nurses' practice burnout is perfectionism. Therefore education is needed to develop strategies to manage perfectionism and reduce practice burnout.
Education ; Humans ; Learning ; Students, Nursing

No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Conization* ; Female

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to determine the usefulness of transvaginal ultrasonographic assessment of the uterine cervix and to compare the diagnostic performance of ultrasonographic and digital examination of the cervix in predicting a successful induction of labor. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred-one singleton term pregnancies without ruptured membranes admitted for the labor induction were included in this study. Digital examination and transvaginal ultrasonography of the uterine cervix were performed at the time of admission. Cervical parameters evaluated included cervical length, presence of funneling, funnel length, and funnel width. Labor induction was underwent by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) vaginal suppository and/or pitocin intravenous infusion. Outcome variable was a successful labor induction within 48 hours after beginning of the induction. RESULTS: The prevalence of induction failure was 10.9% (11/101). Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve and multiple logistic regression analysis indicated a significant relationship between the successful induction of labor and cervical length <3.1 cm. The diagnositic indices of endocervical length was superior to those of Bishop's cervical score in predicting a successful induction of labor. In patients with cervical length <3.1 cm, the labor was induced successfully with fewer tablets of PGE2, less use of pitocin infusion, and shorter induction-delivery interval. CONCLUSION: Transvaginal ultrasonographical examination of the uterine cervix is more accurate than digital examination of the cervix in the prediction of a successful induction of labor in term gestation.
Cervix Uteri* ; Dinoprostone ; Female ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Logistic Models ; Membranes ; Oxytocin ; Pregnancy* ; Prevalence ; Suppositories ; Tablets ; Ultrasonography