When the non-union gap in a long bone is more than half of the diameter of the bone at that level, it presents a significant challenge to traditional bone grafting technique. Even if there are several good ways for this problem, such as shortening, traditional various bone grafting, electrical stimulation and free vascularized bone graft, most of these techniques have some difficulties to maintain the stability of fracture post-operatively, and we have to keep their extremities into a cast or external fixator so long. So we have attempted to treat the large osseus gap non-union in long bone with fixation of heavy duty or condylar plate on one side of fracture for fracture stability, a long tibial corticocancellous strut graft on the other side of fracture for fracture stability and rapid bony union, and extensive cancellous chip bone graft between the plate and tibial graft to enhance the bony union. We have experienced 9 cases of large osseus gap non-union in long bone with this technique from March 1981 to September 1986 at the department of orthopaedic surgery, St. Mary's hospital, Catholic University Medical College. 1. Their, 7 males and 2 females, average age was 38 years old, with a range of 24 to 53 years old. The distribution of the involved bone was 6 femur, 2 humerus, 1 radius and ulna with 1.4 years of average duration of non-union, ranged from 7 months to 2.4 years. The average gap from normal bone to normal bone was 4.8cm, with a range of 2.7cm to 7.4cm. The average number of previous surgical procedures was 4, with a range of 2 to 7. Four of the nine patients had quiescent osteomyelitis. 2. Post-operative immobilization with splint or cast was applied for 6 weeks for upper extremity and 8 weeks for lower extremity followed by active R.O.M. exercise and non-weight bearing crutch walking. 3. Five of the nine cases(55.6%) had completely bony union. This occured on an average 8 months post-operatively and was faster in the forearm bones and femur than in the humerus. An additional cancellous bone graft was done in two. But other two of the patients had subsequent amputation because of recurrent and uneontrollable osteomyelitis stirred up by the surgery. 4. This procedures was proved to be one of valuable adjuvant method in treatmqnt of large osseous gap non-union of long bones.
Amputation ; Bone Transplantation ; Electric Stimulation ; External Fixators ; Extremities ; Female ; Femur ; Forearm ; Humans ; Humerus ; Immobilization ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Methods ; Osteomyelitis ; Radius ; Splints ; Transplants ; Ulna ; Upper Extremity ; Walking

No abstract available.
Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Pneumothorax, Artificial*

BACKGROUND: Identification of specific antinuclear antibodies is useful for the diagnosis, subclassification and determination of prognosis in autoimmune disorders. In many diseases, multiple autoantibodies are detected, and simultaneous detection of multiple autoantibodies has been shown to be useful. Recently, a commercial kit (EL-ANA/6 profiles, TheraTest Laboratories, USA) losing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for detection of six specific autoantibodies is avallable. In this study, we attempted to compare the results of EL-ANA/6 profiles with those of routinely used methods and evaluated usefulness of EL-ANA/6 profiles. METHODS: EL-ANA/6 profiles were performed with 28 sera which were positive for fluorescent antinuclear antibody (FANA) Simultaneously we tested anti-dsDNA antibodies with immnofluorescent (If) method and anti-Sm, anti-RNP, anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies with double immunodiffusion (DID). To evaluate specificity, EL- ANA/6 profiles tests were performed on 10 sera from healthy blood donors. RESULTS: Ten sera of healthly blood donors were all negative for EL-ANA/6 pro biles. In the results of EL-ANA/6 profiles on sera positive for FANA, the concordance rate with IF method for the anti-dsDNA antibodies was 89.3% (25/28) and the con- cordance rates with DID for anti-Sm, anti-Sm/RNP, anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies were 85.7% (24/28), 82.1% (23/28), 92.9% (26/28) and 82.1% (23/28), respectively. In 16 discordant settings, thirteen (81.3%) were negative on DID and positive on EL-ANA/6 profiles. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the EL-ANA/6 profiles show good concordance rates with If and DID. EL-ANA/6 profiles showing quantitative profiles for multiple autoantibodies is useful for diagnosis and tool)ow-up of autoimmune disorders.
Antibodies ; Antibodies, Antinuclear* ; Autoantibodies ; Bile ; Blood Donors ; Diagnosis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Immunodiffusion ; Prognosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Fracture of the metal base of tihial components of total knee arthroplasty has heen occasionally reportecl. The most common cause of the failure of the metal hase plate was known to be a fatigue fracture around the screw hole where the strength of the metal hase plate was the weakest. We experienced a case of the fracture of the metal hase plate secondary to the t'racture of the posteromedial corner of the metal tihial condyle which was weakened due to the shoil peg hole for the base plate of MG II implant. Since the proximal portion of the posterior tihial condyle was normally thin, cutting the hone for the base plate made it thinner and wcaker than normal. Therefore stress fracture of the bone occurred and the overlying metal plate was subsequently hroken. From this experience. we concluded that the posterior peg hole may cause unwanted failure of the posteromedial corner of the tibial base plate.
Arthroplasty* ; Fractures, Stress ; Knee*

Biopsy has proved to be of value in the diagnosis of many inflammatory and malignant diseases, and needle biopsy of the synovial membrane in arthritis is well established and often employed as the final diagnostic aid in patient with joint disease. Authors have carried out synovial needle biopsy in 76 joints with Franklin-Silverman needle used commonly in liver biopsy. The results obtained were as followa; 1) Of seventy five biopsies attempted, adequate amount of tiasue was obtained in 51 of 53 knee cases (96.2%), 11 of 14 wrists (78.6%). 3 of 5 elbows (60%), 1 of 3 ankles (33.3%). Adequate amount of tissue was obtained in 66 cases and the overall succese rate was 88%. 2) Histopathological diagnosis was made in 53 of 75 cases (70.7%). In 12 cases, correct specimens were obtained but proved to be incompatible with the diagnosis done by either clinical data or open biopsy. 3) Histopathological diagnoses were made in 25 of 35 cases of rheumatoid arthritis (71.4%) 14 of 18 cases of tuberculous arthritis (77.8%), 7 of 13 cases of degenerative arthritis (53,8%), 4 of 6 cases of suppurative arthritis (66.7%), 2 cases of traumatic arthritis (100%), and one case of villonodular synovitis (100%). 4) The complications resulting from this proedure were pare; mild transient hemarthrosis was found in only 5 cases We also discovered that for an accurate diagnosis multiple specimens should be obtained because otherwise the specimens were too small to interprete histopathologically. In addition we concluded that the success rate depended not upon the sorts of needle used but rather more upon the biopsy technique. Franklin-Silverman needle biopsy proved to be a simple, safe and reliable procedure for diagnosis of the synovial diseases in which conventional arthrotomy is inadvisable and other diagnostic procedures are inadequate.
Ankle ; Arthritis ; Arthritis, Infectious ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Diagnosis ; Elbow ; Hemarthrosis ; Humans ; Joint Diseases ; Joints ; Knee ; Liver ; Needles ; Osteoarthritis ; Synovial Membrane ; Synovitis ; Wrist

No abstract available in English.
Arthroplasty ; Elbow ; Fascia Lata ; Fascia

Between May 1982 and October 1983, arthroscopic meniscectomy had been performed in 54 knees between ages of 11 and 70 years. There were 32 male patients and 22 female patients in this series. The mean follow-up was 20 months, ranging from 15 months to 33 months. Postoperative complications developed were retropatellar tenderness and effusion. No infection, thrombophlebitis or instability occurred postoperatively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the various possible prognostic factors upon the developtnent of the above mentioned complications. The factors included were 1) shape of tear, 2) ligamentous injury, 3) degenerative arthritia, 4) discoid lateral meniscus, 5) quadriceps atrophy, 6) sites of meniscus(medial or lateral) & extent of excision, 7) preoperative retropatellar tenderness and 8) method of rehabilitation. The findings were statistically analyzed by the Chi-square test (df-1) & Fisher's direct probability method. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The rate of development of postoperative effusion was significantly high in cases of quadriceps atrophy (P<0.01) and preoperative retropatellar tenderness(P<0.01). 2. The rate of deveopment of postoperative retropatellar tenderness was significantly high in case of discoid lateral meniscus (P <0.01). 3. There was no significant correlation between complications and other factors including shape of tear, preoperative degerative arthritis, site of meniscus & extent of excision and methods of rehabilitation.
Arthritis ; Atrophy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; Methods ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Rehabilitation ; Tears ; Thrombophlebitis

The patellar tendon is known as the strongest material for the substitution of anterior cruciate ligament. There are many technical difficulties in reconstruction of the ligament with this tendon since patellar aponeurosis is weak, and the length of the tendon is restricted, and the adquate insertion in proper place is difficult. Authors harvested the middle 1/3 of patellar tendon c bone block of tibial tubercle and patella with the superficial layer of the quadriceps tendon left attached. The large triangular tibial tubercle piece was impacted into the femoral tunnel from distally to proximally, of which the orifice is the very place of the middle of the original anterior cruciate ligament. Two bundles of 0-dexon sutures made at the tibial tubercle portion, were pulled through to different outlet of femoral condyle during this procedure and were tied over the cortical bone of lateral supracondylar region. The tendon twisted 180°(clockwise for the right knee and counter-clockwise for the left knee) to adapt to screwhome movement. The patellar piece was fixed at the isometric point in full flexion and extension, which is usually the middle point of original tibial insertion c one or two barbed staples made at the original position of tibial insertion of the ligament. We tried this methods in 26 knees (12 vascularized grafts and 14 free grafts) and was followed for more than one year and the results was compared with those of 12 knees of original McIntosh operation (follow up period: 16-72 months, average 34.3 months). The instability were evaluated c Lachman test and OSI sagittal knee tester. The knee of negative Lachman test & pivot shift test was defined as "normal" The results were as follows;l. In modified McIntosh operation group negative Lachman test was noted only in 6 knees (50.0 % ) and there were 2 knees (16.7% ) of GI, II & III, respectively. 2. In vascularized bone block patellar tendon graft group II out of 12 knees (91.7%) showed negative Lachman test and only one knee (8.3%) revealed G II. 3. In free bone block patellar tendon graft 13 out of 14 knees (92.9%) showed negative Lachman test and the other one knee (7.1%) revealed GI. 4, The overall success rate (normal) of bone block patellar tendon graft was 92.3%. The success rate of patellar tendon bone block operation was significantly higher than that of modified McIntosh operation (χ²=6.48, df=1, P=0.0109) and there was no statististical difference between vascularized and free graft group (χ²=0.39, df=l, P=0.5322).
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Patella ; Patellar Ligament ; Sutures ; Tendons ; Transplants

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia is a rare autosomal recessive hemorrhagic disorder characterized by prolonged bleeding time, ad deficient or absent clot retraction in the presence of normal platelet count. The major underlying abnormality in this disease is grossly defective first-phase aggregation of platelet, which are unresponsive to ADP or other platelet agonists such as epinephrine, collagen, thrombin in any concentration. This disability is caused by a decrease or absence of the platelet membrans glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex, a member of the integrin family of adhesive receptors involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix fibronectin, and vitronectin On the development of surface labeling technique, a variety of biochemical techniques such as radioimmunoassay, crossed immunoelectrophoresis and SDS-PAGE have been used to study the structure and the function of platelet membrane glycoproteins, and to detect the platelet functional defect. But all of these techniques demand a relatively large amount of homogeneous paletelet population that requires manipulation through isolation and washing procedures before analysis. In order to eliminaste such an intricate procedure, we have applied method for analyzing platelet surface components in whole blood using monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry to recognize the absence of severe reduction of platelet membrane glycoprotien llb-llla complex. Platelet analysis by flow cytometry is a successful alternative rapid diagnostic technique for Glanzmann's thrombasthenia patients as well as well as for carriers of this disease. Fow cytometry technique provides a sensitive tool for investigating platelet functional defects caused by altered expression or deficiency of platelet surface proteins.
Adenosine Diphosphate ; Adhesives ; Bleeding Time ; Blood Platelets* ; Clot Retraction ; Collagen ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Epinephrine ; Fibronectins ; Flow Cytometry* ; Glycoproteins ; Hemorrhagic Disorders ; Humans ; Immunoelectrophoresis, Two-Dimensional ; Membrane Glycoproteins* ; Membrane Proteins ; Membranes* ; Platelet Count ; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins ; Radioimmunoassay ; Thrombasthenia* ; Thrombin ; Vitronectin

No abstract available.