BACKGROUND: This is a study of the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which shows high mortality worldwide, and the effects of smoking on COPD by using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V. METHODS: FEV1/FEV6<0.73 was used as a diagnostic criterion of COPD. Frequency analysis for prevalence, descriptive statistics for general characteristics and ventilation rate according to age-specifications, and complex sample logistic regression analysis for the effect of smoking on COPD prevalence were used. IBM SPSS Statistics 21 Standard, Complex Samples for Medical Science(Windows) was used for data analysis(alpha=0.05). RESULTS: Prevalence of COPD was 11.6+/-0.5% of Koreans in their forties or over, and 17.5+/-0.8% in males, and 6.2+/-0.5% in females. There was significant increase of COPD prevalence with age increment. Before adjusting for age and smoking index(SI), the COPD possibilities of past and current-smokers compared with non-smoking males were (odds ratio [OR] 2.112 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.551-2.875]) and (OR 1.834 [95% CI 1.319-2.551]) respectively. After adjustments with age and SI, the COPD possibility of current-smoking was 2.099 (1.382-3.188) times higher and for past-smoking was 1.463 (1.012-2.115) times higher than non-smoking. The P-value of each group was significant. The regression coefficients (B) of current-smoking and past-smoking were 0.741 and 0.380 respectively. The prevalence of COPD increased 1.102 (1.090-1.115) times for every 1 year of age increase, and 1.012 (1.007-1.018) times for every 1 SI increase (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: After adjusting for age and SI, the prevalence of COPD in smokers was higher than non-smokers. And current-smoking had a higher OR and higher B than past-smoking.
Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mortality ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Prevalence* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Ventilation

No abstract available.
Leg*

This study was carried out to clarify the effect of dietary calcium, casein, and suet on the accumulation of cadmium in mice. It was performed for 30 days, from April 11 to May 10 1988. 90 mice were divided into 4 experimental groups and control group with 6 mice each dietary group, and measured survival rate, body weight, and weight ratio of organ to body. The contents of cadmium in liver, kidney, spleen, muscle and skin with hair, and faces were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer after sacrifice by anesthesia. After 30 days, the survival rate of control group was 100%, but 66.7% in group IV(basal+Cd+Ca) with single dose of 100 microgram cadmium and with free-intake of water containing 50ppm cadmium, and group V(basal diet+Cd+suet) with free-intake of water containing 50ppm cadmium. The rate of weight gain in the case of single dose of 100 microgram cadmium was highest in group IV as 42.3% and lowest in group V as 26.0%, whereas in the cases of free intake group IV was highest as 24.0% and group II(basal diet+Cd) was lowest as 11.6%. The body weight, in the case of single dose of 100 microgram cadmium showed no increase until 5th day after acute poisoning. But in the case of free intake group, it showed very increase through all the breeding period. The weight ratio of organ to body were lowest in the liver of group II in both occasions. The most of cadmium administered were excreted through feces within 2 days after single dose of 100 microgram cadmium. The contents of cadmium in each group were significantly higher than those of control group. In the liver, kidney, spleen and muscle, group II showed the highest level in both occasions of 100 microgram single dose and free intake of water containing 50ppm cadmium. In the skin with hair, group II of the occasion with single dose of 100 microgram and group V with free intake showed the highest level. And the contents of cadmium in tissue were markedly higher in the occasion of free intake of water containing 50ppm cadmium. From the above results I would conclude that the addition of casein and calcium are effective in the inhibition of intension absorption of cadmium esp. by calcium.
Absorption ; Anesthesia ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Breeding ; Cadmium* ; Calcium ; Calcium, Dietary* ; Caseins* ; Feces ; Hair ; Kidney ; Liver ; Mice* ; Poisoning ; Skin ; Spleen ; Survival Rate ; Water ; Weight Gain

No abstract available.
Urinary Bladder* ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide*

There are numerous drug interactions related to many psychotropic and cardiovascular medications. Firstly, the principles in predicting drug interactions are discussed. Cytochrome P (CYP) 450 plays a significant role in the metabolism of these drugs that are substrates, inhibitors, or inducers of CYP450 enzymes. The two most significant enzymes are CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. The ability of psychotropic drugs to act as inhibitors for the enzymes may lead to altered efficacy or toxicity of co-administered cardiovascular agents as a substrate for the enzymes. The following is also a review of the known interactions between many commonly prescribed cardiovascular agents and psychotropic drugs. Most beta blockers are metabolized by CYP2D6, which may lead to drug toxicity when they use in combination with potent CYP2D6 inhibitors including bupropion, chlorpromazine, haloperidol, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and quinidine. Concomitant administration of lithium with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and diuretics may increase serum lithium concentrations and toxicity. Calcium channel blockers and cholesterol lowering agents are subject to interactions with potent inhibitors of CYP3A4, such as amiodarone, diltiazem, fluvoxamine, nefazodone, and verapamil. Prescribing antiarrhythmic drugs in conjunction with medications are known to prolong QT interval and/or inhibitors on a relevant CYP450 enzyme is generally not recommended, or needs watchful monitoring. Digoxin and warfarin also have warrant careful monitoring if co-administered with psychotropic drugs.
Amiodarone ; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; Bupropion ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; Cardiovascular Agents ; Chlorpromazine ; Cholesterol ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; Cytochromes ; Digoxin ; Diltiazem ; Diuretics ; Drug Interactions ; Drug Toxicity ; Fluvoxamine ; Haloperidol ; Lithium ; Psychotropic Drugs ; Quinidine ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; Triazoles ; Verapamil ; Warfarin

No abstract available.
Peer Review*

Tailgut cyst is a rare congenital anomaly arising in the retrorectal space. Malignancy arising from the tailgut cyst is very rare. We experienced a case of adenocarcinoma arising from the tailgut cyst. The findings of this rare tumor are bony destruction of the sacrum on plain radiograph, a cystic mass on ultrasound, a low attenuation mass with calcification and enhancement on CT, and a multiseptated cystic mass containing solid component on MRI.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Sacrum ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Humans ; Immunocompetence*

BACKGROUND: The relationship and differentiation among various dendritic cells of the dermis are unclear. Recently it has hecome possible to identify different subpopulat,ions of dermal dendritic cells using anti-CD34 and anti-factor XIIIa antibodies. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate which cell types the fibrous dermal turnors consist of we compared the staining patterns of these antibodies as well as of anti-Mac 387 antibody which are labeled as inflammatory cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. METHODS: Tumors studied included dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans(DFSP, n=2), dermato-fibroma(n=22), neurofibroma, n=27), acrochordon(n=15), keloid, hypertrophic scar(n=10), juvenile xanthogranuloma(n=1, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH, n=1). We performed immunoperoxidase staining(AUSC technique) with polyclonal anti FXIIIa antibody, monoclonal anti-CD34 antibody, and monoclonal anti-Mac 387 antibody on the formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of these fibrous tumors. The intensity of staining was graded as negative, weakly staining, or strongly stainiring. RESULTS: FXIIIa reactivity was strongly present in dendritic and spindle-shaped cells of all dermatofibromas and some nurofibromas(11 of 27 specimens), but absent from the other fibrous tumors. Among these tumors, one of the two DFSPs was uniquely expressed CD34. Dendritic and spindle-shaped cells within tiese tumors were MAC 387 negative. In inflammatory conditions, variable numbers of MAC 38 positive cells were observed, corresponding to histiocytes and mac-rophages, but the labeling of ipithelioid cells and multinucleated foreign body giant cells were variable. CONCLUSION: The findings of significant numbers of FXIIIa positive cells in dermal fibrous tumors studied suggest that thet may be diagnostic utility associated with the use of this antit)ody. In addition, CD 34 expression by the tumor cells can be an extremely useful marker in establishing a definitive diagnosis of IFSP.
Antibodies ; Dendritic Cells ; Dermatofibrosarcoma ; Dermis ; Diagnosis ; Factor XIIIa* ; Giant Cells, Foreign-Body ; Histiocytes ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous ; Keloid ; Langerhans Cells ; Neurofibroma

No abstract available.
Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung*