AFX is a fibrohistiocytic tumor which usually shows benign clinical rocess despite malignant histolgy. We report a case of AFX showing storiform pattern distribution of tumor cells which developed on the right temple area of a 70-year-old woman.
Adenoids* ; Aged ; Bowen's Disease* ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Female ; Humans

We report a case of kerion celsi caused by Trichophyton(T.) verrucosum in a 15-year-old male, who showed a trender, indurated, swollen, boggy mass exuding pus on the frontal scalp for 15 days. Culture from a scalp lesion of patient and infected cattles on Sabouraud dextrose agar showed T. verrucosum. Therapy was initiated on with 100mg of itraconazole daily with almost complete resolution of scalp lesion one month after treatment. During the one month follow up reriod, scalp lesion showed new black hairs and no recurrence.
Adolescent ; Agar ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glucose ; Hair ; Humans ; Itraconazole* ; Male ; Recurrence ; Scalp ; Suppuration ; Tinea Capitis ; Trichophyton*

From Jan. 1983 to June 1984 in Yonsei University Medical College 17 patients received curative resectivesurgery due to bronchogenic carcinoma. The following results were obtained by comparing the CT findings to theoperative and histological findings of those patients. 1. The histological types of 17 cases of bronchogeniccarcinoma were squamous cell Ca. 8 cases, adenocarcinoma 7 cases, and undifferentiated Ca. 2 cases. The both ofthe undifferentiated type were confirmed by post operative histological study. 2. The lesions showing falsepositivity of mediastinal invasion are enlarged but have well circumscribed margins and separated lymph nodes. 3.In contrast, the prediction of hilar infiltration by CT gave only 25% sensitivity, 77.8% specificity and 52.9%accuracy. 4. For the clinical staging done by CT, only 47.1% were in accordance with the surgical staging. 5.However, CT is useful in selecting the patients who need invasive staging before abandoning curative resection andin suggesting the type of invasive staging according to the location of the lesion.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Sensitivity and Specificity

A 35-year-old housewife was diagnosed with onychomycosis and treated by oral terbinafine, 250mg/day, for 4 months. Clinically all infected nails improved gradually. However, her left great toe-nail was not improved thereafter. At that time the proximal end of the onychomycotic lesion was marked with surgical blade, and terbinafine therapy was continued for four weeks. However, the onychomycotic nail was not improved, and the scratch mark passed by the proximal end of the infected nail. Therefore, we detected the resistance to the therapy and switched the medication to itraconazole 100 mg/day and then another scratch mark was done at the proximal end of the onychomycotic lesion. After another 2 weeks the infected nail went along with the scratch mark distally, and showed clinical improvement. After 8 weeks therapy of itraconazole, she was cured clinically and mycologically. The fungal culture was identified as Aspergillus sydowii.
Adult ; Aspergillus* ; Humans ; Itraconazole ; Onychomycosis*

BACKGROUND: Generalized immune activation occurs early in the course of many infectious disease. Laboratory investigations have shown that immune activation can be quantified by the measurement of soluble immune activation products in serum. Soluble CD25, CD8, and CD4 are major immune activation products. Soluble CD8 and CD4 are indices of CD8+ T cell and CD4+T cell activity, respectively. OBJECTIVE: We estimated the concentrations of these molecules in patients with leprosy. METHODS: The study population consisted of 31 patients with tuberculoid leprosy and 71 patients with lepromatous leprosy(32 cases of M. leprae negative patients and 39 cases of M. leprae positive patients). Serum samples and clinical and laboratory data were collected form each patient and control. The levels of serum soluble CD25, CD8, and CD4 were measured by sandwich enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: The levels of serum soluble CD25 were significantly raised in leprosy patients as compared to control and did not vary signficantly between tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy. The soluble CD8 levels in the serum of patients with leprosy did not differ from the levels of the control. The levels of serum soluble CD4 were significantly decreased in the patients with lepromatous leprosy, but not in the patients with tuberculoid leprosy. However, there was no significant correlation between CD25, CD8, and cD4 and bacterial indices in patients with lepromatous leprosy. CONCLUSIONs: There data suggest that non-specific immune activation occurs the spectrum in leprosy, while CD4+ T cell activity is significantly decreased in patients with lepromatous leprosy.
Communicable Diseases ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Leprosy* ; Leprosy, Lepromatous ; Leprosy, Tuberculoid

Granulomatous(lobular) mastitis is a distinct disease entity of unknown etiology which is characterized by noncaseating granulomatous lobulocentric inflammation. We describe a rare case of granulomatous(lobular) mastitis of a 36 year-old pregnant woman a review of the literature. The mass which was discovered in the third month of her pregnancy, began as a localized, nontender mass on the left breast and persisted during her entire pregnancy. It decreased slightly in size when she began taking post-partum bromocriptine. Clinically and mammographically, the mass was highly suspected as a carcinoma with axillary lymph node metastasis. Fine needle aspiration smears revealed numerous aggregates of granulomas composed of epithelioid histiocytes admixed with multinucleated giant cells of Langhans' and foreign body type, and collections of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Ziehl-Neelsen, silver methenamine and PAS stain were negative for acid-fast bacilli, fungus, and bacilli on the smear respectively. Histologically, granulomatous inflammation was centered on the breast lobules. Caseation necrosis was absent, instead, numerous microabscesses were formed in the center of the granulomas. Cultures of the fresh tissue for the AFB, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and fungus were all negative. Excision of the mass was performed without further treatment and there was no recurrence of the mass 6 months postoperatively. An autoimmune mechanism, infection, and some association with oral contraceptives have been suggested as etiologic factors in the literature.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Animals ; Calcium ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder*

Intravesical outlet obstruction in human is one of the most commonly observed conditions in the urologic field and often related to voiding difficulty with unstable bladder. The pathophysiological background for voiding difficulty is unknown and also difficult to investigate in human. We, herein, performed animal study to investigate whether and how short-term infravesical outlet obstruction does affect the function of rat bladder, and to establish the animal model with infravesical outlet obstruction for further studies. Infravesical outlet obstruction was created by placing a silicon sleeve around the bladder neck and proximal urethra of mature female rats. At one week after operation. cystometrical evaluation and isolated detrusor strip study was performed in each rat. The whole bladder weight of obstructed group significantly increased to four times that of control group. In cystometrical investigations, obstructed group showed unstable bladder. Furthermore, the obstructed group showed increased bladder capacity and residual urine volume, compared to those or control group. In isolated detrusor muscle strip study, contractile responses of detrusor muscle to field stimulation. bethanechol and ATP were less prominent in obstructed group than in control group. However. tetrodotoxin could not completely abolish EFS induced detrusor contraction in obstructed group, compared to that in control group. These results indicate that short-term obstructed bladder showed a significant decrease in detrusor contractility as well as abnormal detrusor contraction, which may be resulted from the degeneration of detrusor muscle, although neurogenic cause remains to be further investigated.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Bethanechol ; Female ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Neck ; Rats* ; Silicones ; Tetrodotoxin ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; Urinary Bladder*

Purpose : The main genetic contribution to type 1 diabetes susceptibility is the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II gene. Several non-HLA chromosomal regions are also known to be involved. We studied the association of HLA class II and non-HLA candidate genes, which are cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), lymphotoxin-alpha(LT-alpha, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, polymorphisms with disease susceptibility in Korean children with type 1 diabetes.Methods : Fifty Korean children with type 1 diabetes (29 girls and 21 boys) and 166 healthy Koreans were investigated in this study. HLA class II alleles were determined by PCR-SSP (sequence-specific primer) and PCR-SSOP (sequence specific oliogonucleotide probe) method. CTLA4 exon 1 polymor phism was analyzed by PCR-SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism), and TNF promotor and LT-alphagene polymorphism by PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), respectively. VDR gene polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP using restriction enzyme FokI, ApaI, TaqI, and BsmI. Results : The frequencies of HLA-DRB1*04, DRB1*09, and DQB1*04 were significantly increased and those of HLA-DRB1*14, DRB1*15, DQB1*05 and DQB1*06 were significantly decreased in the patients with type 1 diabetes compared with the control subjects. No significant differences in the distribution of CTLA4 exon 1, TNF promotor, LT-alpha and VDR gene polymorphisms were observed between the patients with type 1 diabetes and the control subjects. Conclusion : These data suggest that HLA-DRB1*04, DRB1*09, and DQB1*04 are susceptible genes for type 1 diabetes, whereas HLA-DRB1*14, DRB1*15, DQB1*05, and DQB1*06 are protective genes in Korean children. CTLA4 exon 1, TNF promotor, LT-alpha and VDR gene polymorphisms are not associated with susceptibility to type 1 diabetes in Korean children.
Alleles ; Child* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* ; Disease Susceptibility* ; Exons ; Female ; Genes, MHC Class II ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Lymphocytes ; Receptors, Calcitriol ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

PURPOSE: The need for continuing Growth Hormone(GH) replacement after adolescence in patients with childhood-onset GH deficiency has been recognized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the abnormalities of lipid profiles in young adults with childhood-onset hypopituitarism who discontinued GH therapy after the completion of height growth. METHODS: Nine male patients(mean age:22.4+/-3.3 years) with childhood-onset hypopituiatarism in whom GH treatment had been discontinued after final height was achieved were included. Their body mass index(BMI) and serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride(TG), high-density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol were measured. The relationships of duration after GH discontinuation, age, and BMI to lipid profiles were anaylzed. RESULTS: BMI increased significantly from 21.8+/-1.9 kg/m2 before GH discontinuation to 23.0+/-3.0 kg/m2 after GH discontinuation(P<0.05). Serum levels of total cholesterol, TG, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were 217.3+/-33.4, 237.8+/-128.2, 42.1+/-7.1, and 127.4+/-27.2 mg/dL, respectively, 3.1+/-2.0 years after GH discontinuation. Percentage of patients who had total cholesterol > or = 200 mg/dL, TG > or = 150 mg/ dL, LDL cholesterol > or = 140 mg/dL, and HDL cholesterol < or = 40 mg/dL were 77.8%, 88.9%, 44.4%, and 33.3%, respectively. All subjects had some abnormalities of lipid profiles. A significant positive correlation was found between duration after GH discontinuation and serum levels of total cholesterol and TG(r=0.84, P<0.01; r=0.83, P<0.01). A significant positive correlation was also found between age and serum levels of total cholesterol and TG(r=0.86, P<0.01; r=0.81, P<0.01). There were no correlations between BMI and serum lipid levels. CONCLUSION: Most of young adult patients with childhood-onset hypopituitarism had abnormal lipid profiles by 1-5 years after discontinuation of GH treatment. These data suggest that continuous GH treatment after completion of height growth is necessary.
Adolescent ; Adult* ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Hypopituitarism* ; Male ; Young Adult