The left parasternal impulse was evaluated by inspection and palpation, and it's contour was confirmed with graphic display using a pilse pickup in 45 normal subjects and 33 patients with various cardiac disease.Using an upper limit of normal echocardiographic LV end-diastolic dimension insides, 3.7cm/m2, LV mass index, 80g/m2, RV dimension index, 2.9cm/m2, and RV free wall thickness, 0.4cm, the patients were subdivided into four groups. In 9 patients with pure RV hypertrophy or dilation, the hyperdynamic impulse or sustained heave was noticed in 7 cases(sensitivity 78%, specificity 76%). In 12 patients with pure LV hypertrophy or dilation, striking parasternal systolic retraction was noticed in 5 cases(sensitivity 42%, speccificity 86%). But in 7 patient with biventricular hypertrophy or dilation, either striking systolic retraction or hyperdynamic impulse was noticed in 4 cases. These findings suggest that the evaluation of the parasternal movement is helpful for the cardiac examination.
Echocardiography ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Palpation ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Strikes, Employee

Adult worms of Parvatrema spp. (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) were found in the intestines of 2 species of migratory birds, i.e., a great knot, Calidris tenuirostris, and 2 Mongolian plovers, Charadrius mongolus, in the coastal area of Gunsan-si, Jeollabuk-do in October 2009. The recovered Parvatrema worms were 79 in total number and composed of 2 species. The worms from a great knot were 289 micrometer in length with the oral and ventral sucker ratio of 2 : 1. They had a single vitellarium, and their intrauterine eggs were 25.0 x 17.5 micrometer in size. These findings were compatible with P. duboisi (Dollfus, 1923) Bartoli, 1974 (syn. P. timondavidi Bartoli, 1963). The worms recovered from the Mongolian plovers were smaller in length than P. duboisi and had 2 vitellaria. The oral and ventral sucker ratio was 2.5 : 1, and the eggs were 17.5 x 8.8 micrometer in size. These worms were assigned to be P. homoeotecnum James, 1964. This is the first report on the natural final hosts of Parvatrema spp. in Korea.
*Animal Migration ; Animals ; Bird Diseases/*parasitology ; Charadriiformes/*parasitology/physiology ; Trematoda/anatomy & histology/*isolation & purification ; Trematode Infections/parasitology/*veterinary

We have already reported good effect of meperidin and pentazocin as the sole agent for spinal anesthesia. The present study was undertaken to examine toxic effects of pentazocin and meperidine on peripheral nerve tissue. 11 rats were divided into three groups i.e. pentazocine, meperidine and control group. The sciatic nerves of adult rats were exposed and injected with pentazocin 0.5ml(15mg) or meperidine 0.5ml (25mg). Two specimens of normal nerve and another two specimens injected with normal saline 0.5 ml were used as the controIs. The nerve was examined under electron microcopy at 24 hours, 48 hours, 1 week and 4 weeks after the injection of each of the drugs. A total of twenty injections were carried out in 11 rats. The results were as follows: The pentazocien group revealed hydropic changes in the mitochondria and ER of axon and Schwann cell but the degree of injury was not significant and was reversible. The meperidine group showed hydropic changes that were not significant but the specimen taken at one week revealed severe axonal and myeline changes, admixed with fat globules and Schwann cell with severe fatty changes in the cytoplasm. Although most of the above mentioned changes may reverse, it is not certain yet that pentazocin and meperidine are free of toxicity on nerve cells until further study is done to find the causes of the severe histolgical changes which were shown in the one week specimen with demerol.
Adult ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Animals ; Axons ; Cytoplasm ; Humans ; Meperidine ; Mitochondria ; Myelin Sheath ; Narcotics* ; Neurons ; Pentazocine ; Peripheral Nerves* ; Rats* ; Sciatic Nerve

This study was investigated to observe the effect of Treponema denticola(TDC) and Treponema lecithinolyticum(TLC) on cultured human periodontal ligament cells. Several experiments were performed including MTT test for the inhibition effect of cell proliferation, LDH test for the cytotoxicity , gelatin zymography for the gelatinase activation and observation of cell morphology change using the phase-contrast microscopy. The results were as follows. 1. The effect of concentration on cell proliferation with time showed an inhibitory effect at high concentration(150microgram/well) for TLC and at low concentration( 9.4microgram/well ) for TDC. 2. The effect of time on cell proliferation with concentration showed an inhibitory effect at 150microgram/well on 2-day incubation for TLC and at 9.4microgram/well on 2-day incubation for TDC. 3. The effect of heat-treated TDC and TLC on the inhibition of cell proliferation showed the difference in the heat-treated group compared to the non-heat treated group for TDC, whereas no difference was found for TLC. 4. The morphological changes which were observed from the phase-contrast microscopy showed the difference in the test group compared to the control group. The loss of spindle-like appearance, cell-to-cell detachment and inhibition of cell proliferation were observed. 5. There was no difference of the cytotoxicity effect between the test group and the control group in the LDH test. 6. The active form of progelatinase A with molecular weight 72kDa was activated in both TDC and TLC on the gelatin zymography. Regarding to the above results, TDC and TLC have an effect on periodontal ligament cells by playing an inhibitory role in cell proliferation and appears to activate progelatinase A which degrades type IV collagen.
Cell Proliferation ; Collagen Type IV ; Gelatin ; Gelatinases ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast ; Molecular Weight ; Periodontal Ligament* ; Treponema denticola* ; Treponema*

PURPOSE: A number of researchers have suggested the use of sodium hyaluronate carboxymethyl cellulose (HA-CMC) membrane for preventing postoperative adhesion. This study evaluated the antiadhesive effect and safety of HA-CMC membrane in thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancer. METHODS: One hundred sixty-two patients who underwent thyroidectomy were prospectively randomized. In the study group of 80 patients, the 7.5 cm x 13 cm HA-CMC membrane was applied to the operative field after thyroidectomy. The subjects were asked about complications including adhesive symptoms using an 8-item questionnaire at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. In addition, items on the appearance of neck wrinkles and scars were evaluated by a physician who had no information about the patient's allocation. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in complications such as swallowing difficulty, and wrinkles between study and control groups. Both groups presented significantly decreased scores over time in swallowing difficulty, and wrinkles. There were no complications regarding the HA-CMC membrane. CONCLUSION: The antiadhesive effect of HA-CMC membrane in thyroid surgery is still uncertain, although it is biologically safe. Further investigation is needed to confirm the antiadhesive effect of HA-CMC membrane in thyroid surgery.
Adhesives ; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium ; Cellulose* ; Cicatrix ; Deglutition ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Membranes* ; Neck ; Prospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sodium* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroidectomy

This study is an analysis of distribution of patients who installed Implantium(R) implant in Yonsei University Dental Hospital and types of implant site for about 1 years recall check and success rate. 164 implants were installed to 52 patients in this study. It shows the conclusion below. 1. Patients at the age of 40s and 50s were 65% of all implant cases and average number of implant was 4 (man), and 2.7 (woman). 75 implants were operated on maxilla and 89 were mandible. 19 implants on anterior region and 145 implants on posterior region. 2. Most distribution of bone qaulity for implant site was type III(37.2%) and bone quantity was type C(61.7%) 3. The majority of implants were those of 10, 12mm in length (85%) and regular diameter in width (48.8%). 4. 30 implants were installed with the advanced technique-GBR, window opening, osteotome technique. 5. Two implants were removed before prosthodontic treatment due to the osseointegraton failure. The success rate was 98.8% in 15.2 months follow up period and the marginal bone loss was 0.28mm. The results provided us with basic data on patient type, implant distribution, bone condition, and survival rate. Within the limit of present study, It was concluded that Implantium(R) implant could be used satisfactorily in various clinical situations.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Prosthodontics ; Survival Rate

Recent study shows that implant design has a great impact on initial stability in bone. The ITI TE(R) implant, designed originally for immediate placement has a tapered/ cylindrical form which fits the anatomical shape of the natural alvelous or tooth root. The increased diameter at the collar region coupled with more threads lead to more bone contact and enhanced stability. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the clinical use and the efficacy of recently introduced ITI TE(R) implant with a new macro-design. The following results are compiled from 139 patients who received ITI TE(R) implant surgery at the periodontal department. of Yonsei University Hospital between July 2002 and September 2005. 1. 139 patients received 173 ITI TE(R) implants in their maxilla and mandible (Mx 82, Mn 91). Posterior area accounted for 84% of the whole implant surgery. 2. In the distribution of bone quality, type III(41.0%) was the most, followed by type IV(41.0%) and type II (27.7%). As for the bone quantity, type B(43.9%) was the most, followed by type C(42.2%), type D(12.2%) and type A(1.7%). 3. 125 implants(83.9%) were treated by single crown, which accounted for the majority. 4. The total implant survival rate was 100% after a mean follow-up period of 21.2 months. This preliminary data with ITI TE(R) implant showed excellent survival rate although the majority of implants evaluated in this study were placed in the posterior region of the jaw and compromised sites.
Ants* ; Crowns ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Jaw ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Retrospective Studies* ; Survival Rate* ; Tooth Root

The purpose of this study was to evaluate cumulative survival rate (CSR, %) of mandibular posterior single tooth implants replaced with ITI SLA (sand-blasted, large-grit, acid-etched) implant system and compare the CSR between first and second molar. The findings from the results were as follows; 1. Total of 158 implants were inserted into 147 patients. 68 patients were males, 79 patients were females and their mean age was 47.8 years. 98 implants were placed in first molar area and 60 implants were placed in second molar area. In terms of diameter, implants with wide diameter over 4.8mm dominated (91.1%). Implants with length over 10mm were used (96.2%). 2. In the two cases, there was a slight transient numbness which recovered within 1-2 months. Nine SynOcta screw type abutments demonstrated screw loosening. There were ten cases of crown fallen-out from decementation. 3. Only one failed out of 158 implants. The CSR was 99.4%. The CSRs for first molar and second molar were 99% and 100%, respectively. From the results, it was concluded that single tooth replacement implant in the mandibular posterior area, might be considered as the effective treatment modality comparable to the conventional crown and bridge.
Crowns ; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth ; Female ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Male ; Molar ; Retrospective Studies* ; Survival Rate ; Tooth*

Oral malodor may cause a significant social or psychological handicap to those suffering from it. Oral malodor has been correlated with the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) produced in the oral cavity. Specific bacteria identified in the production of VSC have been reported and many of these bacteria are commonly suspected periodontal pathogens. The aim of this study was to estimate the change of the VSC concentration after periodontal treatment. Twenty subjects with probing depth (PD) > or =5mm (experimental group) and 20 subjects with PD <5mm (control group) participated. VSC concentration measurement was made with gas chromatography. VSC concentration was measured at pre-treatment, 2 weeks after scaling and 1 month after periodontal treatment(root planning and flap operation). Maximum probing depth and bleeding on probing(BOP) were also examed at pretreatment and 1 month after periodontal treatment. The conclusions were as follow: 1. In the experimental group VSC concentration and CH3SH/H2S ratio were higher than control group. (p<0.05) 2. Both VSC concentration and CH3SH/H2S ratio showed decrease after periodontal treatment. But only CH3SH/H2S ratio after 1 month periodontal treatment was statistically significantly different from pre-treatment. (p<0.05) 3. CH3SH/H2S ratio tended to be on increase according to maximum probing depth and bleeding on probing. Periodontal disease could be a factor that caused oral malodor and oral malodor could be decreased after periodontal treatment.
Bacteria ; Chromatography, Gas ; Hemorrhage ; Mouth ; Periodontal Diseases ; Sulfur Compounds ; Sulfur*

This study was performed to investigate the survival rate of single implant used in maxillary anterior region during follow up periods. 231 patients whose single missing tooth in maxillary region had been replaced with 237 implant at the periodontal dept. of Yonsei University Hospital between February 1993 and December 2004. The following results are compiled from 231 patients who received single implant surgery. 1. The major cause of single tooth loss in maxillary anterior region is trauma, followed by periodontal disease and congenital missing. 2. The total survival rate of single implant placed in maxillary anterior region is 94.5%. 3. The survival rate of single implant placed in type II and type IV was 100% and in type lll was 92.7%. As for the bone quantity, the survival rate in type A(100%) was most, followed by type B(97.3%) and type C, D (93.5%). 4. The survival rate of implant placement combined with advanced surgery was 94.4%. The results showed that the placement of single implant is considered as a reliable treatment option for a single missing tooth in maxillary anterior region except in certain extreme conditions especially with poor bone quality and quantity.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Periodontal Diseases ; Retrospective Studies* ; Survival Rate* ; Tooth Loss ; Tooth*