No abstract available.

In published article by Li et al., an author's name was misspelled.

We investigated a topographical distribution of managanese, and immunohistochemical density of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and histopathologic findings in globus pallidus and substantia nigra according to manganese dose and time course in the brain of rats which received MnCl2 intravenously. Topographical distribution of manganese was also investigated after injection of FeCl2. The manganese concentrations of brain in control and experimental group were highest in pituitary gland and thalamus, and lowest in the cerebral cortex. The manganese concentration of blood was increased proportionally to the dose administered, and the biological half-life of blood manganese was between 21 and 42 days. The manganese concentrations of brain were increased proportionally to the dose, and increase rate was highest in olfactory bulb, and the biological half-lives of brain manganese ranged from 42 days to 90 or more days; the longest were observed in pituitary gland, medulla oblongata and cerebral cortex. In case of administration of FeCl2, the manganese concentrations of brain were higher than that of control group in dose of 2.5 mg/kg, and decreased proportionally to the administered dose, resulting in lower level compared with control group in high dose of FeCl2 administered. Significantly decreased number of nerve cell and increased gliosis in globus pallidus were observed in experimental group, which were closely correlated with the duration after manganese injection, but no significant change of number of nerve cell expressing TH and gliosis were observed in substantia nigra. Density of immunohistochemical reaction for TH in globus pallidus made little difference between control and experimental group. These results suggest that pathology of manganese intoxication is caused by the loss of nerve cells in globus pallidus, and closely correlated with the duration after manganese exposure.
Animals ; Brain* ; Cerebral Cortex ; Gliosis ; Globus Pallidus ; Half-Life ; Manganese* ; Medulla Oblongata ; Neurons ; Olfactory Bulb ; Pathology ; Pituitary Gland ; Rats* ; Substantia Nigra ; Thalamus ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase

With the increase of industrialization, leisures, sports activities and traffic, the risk of trauma has increased markedly. Midfacial bones are relatively common sites of trauma, and are difficult sites of correct reduction and reconstruction, because midface is composed of mostly thin cortical bone surrounding cavities filled with either air or fat with discrete areas of bony condensation. A clinical study on 208 patients with midfacial bone fracture who visited Sanggye Paik Hospital during 5 years(1990~1995) was done by analyzing sex, age, cause, fracture site, treatment method, complication and involvement of other body part, etc. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The occurrence was more frequent in male than in female with ratio of 2.7 : 1 and most frequently in twenties. 2. Traffic accident was the most common cause of midface fractures. 3. Zygoma was the most frequently occurred site(50%) of midface fractures. 4. Simple fracture(75%) was more frequently occurred than compound fracture(25%). 5. As treatment method, open reduction(76.4%) was used more frequently than closed reduction(23.6%) 6. Generally, operations are done in 5 days after admission(59.1%), and intermaxillary fixation was done in 78.4% of cases. 7. Teeth and alveolar bone damages were occurred in 32.2% of cases. 8. Other injuries that were related to midface fracture occurred in 63.3% of cases. 9. Post-operative complications occurred in 9% of cases.
Accidents, Traffic ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; Humans ; Leisure Activities ; Male ; Sports ; Tooth ; Zygoma

BACKGROUND: Angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibition as a means of controlling blood pressure began in the 1970s. This increasing knowledge of ACE inhibitors has resulted in their being used with confidence in a antihyertensive therapy, combining high efficacy with very low levels of side effects. METHOD: In this study, the antihyertensive effect of ramipril was assessed in 28 patients(9 males and 19 females with mean age of 52 years)with mild-to-moderate hypertension. After a placebo run-in phase, patients received ramipril as monotherapy in a dose 2.5 to 5 mg daily for 6 weeks. RESULTS: 1) At the end of 6 weeks, ramipril induced clinically significant reduction in supine(30.1mmHg in systole, 17mmHg in diastole) and sitting(33.4mmHg in systole, 18.5mmHg in diatole)blood pressure. 2) The heart rate was similar after 6 weeks. 3) The most frequent side effect was dry cough in 6 patients(5.6%) followed by dizziness. CONCLUSION: This study indicate that ramipril is effective in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Angiotensins ; Blood Pressure ; Cough ; Dizziness ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Male ; Ramipril* ; Systole

OBJECTIVE: To study the reaction of tissues in the carpal tunnel after repeated flexion of wrist in order to verify the pathophysiology and pathomechanism of the carpal tunnel syndrome as a cumulative trauma disorder. METHOD: Six groups of adult rabbits (5 rabbits were allocated to each groups) were exposed to repeated contractions of the wrist flexors by the median nerve stimulation at the elbow level for different durations; 2 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, and 5 weeks. Histological evaluation, morphometric analysis, and electrophysiological studies were carried out after the stimulation. RESULTS: There were no typical nor consistent findings in the tissues in the carpal tunnel except the median nerve. Inflammatory cell infiltration and edematous changes were noted in the epineurial tissue of median nerve. Decrease of large myelinated fibers and changes of fiber shape were observed in the median nerve. On the morphometric analysis, fiber diameter was smaller in groups of longer exposure duration. Changes were most prominent in 5 weeks group and in the periphery of the nerve fascicle in all the groups. Significant reduction of amplitude and increase of duration of compound muscle action potential were noted on electrophysiological study of the median nerve. CONCLUSION: The authors concluded that repeated experimental wrist flexion could give rise to an injury of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. Accumulation of microtrauma of median nerve by epineurial edema and direct mechanical compression seems to be the pathomechanism of the carpal tunnel syndrome as a cumulative trauma disorder.
Action Potentials ; Adult ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Cumulative Trauma Disorders* ; Edema ; Elbow ; Humans ; Median Nerve ; Myelin Sheath ; Rabbits ; Wrist

BACKGROUND: Antihypertensive treatment represents the modification of one of the most important risk factors on the development of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular disease. In cases of markedly developed atherosclerosis, reduction of blood pressure can improve the survival of patients by reducing the incidence and/or severity cerebrovascular events. We studied a new dihydropyridine calcium antagonist isradipine to evaluate the efficacy and safety in patients with essential hypertension. METHOD: After a placebo run-in phase of four weeks duration, 2.5mg isradipine once daily orally was administered for four weeks to 84 patients (48 males, 36 females ; mean age ; 50.8 years). And then 5.0mg isradipine once daily was administered for four weeks to 59 patients whose diastolic pressure did not decrease less than 90 mmHg. RESULTS: 1) At the end of 8 weeks of therapy, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly reduced from 158.2+/-11.5/101.7+/-5.1mmHg in sitting, 156.8+/-13.7/102.3+/-5.6mmHg in standing to 138.3+/-13.8/90.1+/-6.7mmHg in sitting, 137.6+/-13.7/91.2+/-7.6mmHg in standing (p<0.001). And the effectiveness rate was 84.3% in sitting, 83.2% in standing and normalization rate below 90mmHg in diastolic pressure was 67.5% in siting and 61.5% in standing position. 2) The sitting and standing pulse rate did not change significantly (72.7+/-7.4beats/min at baseline vs. 73.4+/-6.8 beats/min after 8 weeks trial in sitting, 73.5+/-7.2beats/min at baseline vs. 74.1+/-7.2 beats/min after 8 weeks trial in standing). 3) The reduction of mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the end of 8 weeks were 19.9/11.6mmHg in sitting and 19.2/11.1mmHg in standing. 4) At the end of 8 weeks the successes of therapy in sitting were 67.5% in excellent, 10.8% in good, and 6.0% in fair response. 5) There was no serious side effect except mild symptom of 5 cases(5.9%) of exertional dyspnea and one episode of (1.2%) tachycardia. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that isradipine is effective and safe antihypertensive agent in the treatment of essential hypertension.
Atherosclerosis ; Blood Pressure ; Calcium ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Incidence ; Isradipine* ; Male ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases ; Risk Factors ; Tachycardia

The incidence of acute leukemia in pregnancy is estimated to be about 1 per 75000 pregnancies, and the incidence of lymphocytic leukemia is known to be lower than myelocytic leukemia. Pregnancy dose not affect the course of acute leukemia, but thrombocytopenia, anemia and leukopenia resulting from leukemia may lead to hemorrhage, infection, and insufficient supply of oxygen and nutrition to fetus. The most important factor for chemotherapy is gestational age. Since no evidence on adverse effect of chemotherapeutic agents on fetus when given after the first trimester, aggressive chemotherapy is recommended during pregnancy. However, during chemotherapy, caution regarding risk of spontaneous abortion, intrauterine fetal growth retardation, teratogenicity, intrauterine fetal death, fetal immunosupression and preterm labor should be taken. Acute leukemia in pregnancy is extremely rare, so treatment and management of the pregnant mother bearing viable fetus in her 3rd trimester is not established clearly. We experienced a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia who was first diagnosed at 27 gestational weeks and immediately started with chemotherapy. But due to preterm labor and impending fetal distress, emergency cesarean section was performed at 28 gestational weeks. We present this patient along with past experiences of acute leukemia in pregnancy.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Anemia ; Cesarean Section ; Drug Therapy ; Emergencies ; Female ; Fetal Death ; Fetal Distress ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leukemia ; Leukemia, Lymphoid ; Leukemia, Myeloid ; Leukopenia ; Mothers ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Oxygen ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Pregnancy* ; Thrombocytopenia

Clinical features of masticator-space abscess (MSA) are very similar to those of parotitis or temporomandibular disorder (TMD), making early differential diagnosis difficult. Local causes of MSA include nerve block anesthesia, infection after tooth extraction, and trauma to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ); the systemic cause is immunodeficiency. Odontogenic causes account for most etiologies, but there are also unusual causes of MSA. A 66-year-old male patient visited the emergency room (ER) presenting with left-side TMJ pain three days after receiving an acupressure massage. He was tentatively diagnosed with conventional post-trauma TMD and discharged with medication. However, the patient returned to the ER with increased pain. At this time, his TMD diagnosis was confirmed. He made a third visit to the ER during which facial computed tomographic (CT) images were taken. CT readings identified an abscess or hematoma in the left masticator space. After hospitalizing the patient, needle aspiration confirmed pus in the infratemporal and temporal fossa. Antibiotics were administered, and the abscess was drained through an incision made by the attending physician. The patient's symptoms decreased, and he was discharged.
Abscess* ; Acupressure* ; Aged ; Anesthesia ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Male ; Massage* ; Needles ; Nerve Block ; Parotitis ; Reading ; Suppuration ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; Tooth Extraction

Tooth ; Tooth, Deciduous ; Tooth, Impacted ; Tooth, Supernumerary