Since the placenta is an organ composed of blood vessels, it is not surprising that its primary neoplasm would be a vascular tumor. Placental tumors, primary or secondary, have been known to interfere with placental function. Chorioangioma(primary tumor of the placenta), which is the most common of them, occurs with an incidence for clinically significant ranges from 1~2.8:10000 births. These tumors are benign and are not usually associated with clinical sequelae unless they are larger than 5cm in long diameter. About one third of the large chorioangiomas may be associated with the maternal and fetal complications. For diagnosis of these lesions, the ultrasonography was used. If the chorioangioma is suspected, color doppler study is informative to confirm the presence of the vascular channels. We reviewed ultrasonograms and clinical records of seven patients who had been diagnosed as placental chrioangioma. The appropriate diagnostic tests and treatment can then be initiated in order to prolong gestation and decrease fetal mortality and morbidity.
Blood Vessels ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Fetal Mortality ; Hemangioma* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Parturition ; Placenta* ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis* ; Ultrasonography

No Abstract Available.
Hyperpigmentation*

No Abstract Available.
Knee* ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular*

Angiography ; Fires ; Foreign Bodies ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Incidence ; Neck ; Shock ; Vascular System Injuries ; Vertebral Artery ; Wounds and Injuries

We reviewed the medical records of the 65 patients with stage 1 macular holes and evaluated the effect of prophylactic vitrectomy (34 patients)compared with observation only (31 patients).Mean follow up period was 38.2 and 27.7 months, respectively.88.3%of the patients of the vitrectomy group, and 87.1%of the patients of the observation group showed improved or same visual acuity.Postoperative complications were noted in 35.3%of the vitrectomy group, and lens nuclear sclerosis was the most frequent postoperative complication.Progression of stage 1 macular holes to the higher stage hole was noted in 5.9%of vitrectomy group, and 9.6%of the observation group.There was no statistical significance between two groups.And the prognosis of stage 1 macular hole is thought to be favorable.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Prognosis ; Retinal Perforations* ; Sclerosis ; Vitrectomy*

Neonatal hypocalcemia and congenital heart defects has been known as the first clinical manifestation of the chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). However, because of its wide clinical spectrum, diagnosis of 22q11DS can be delayed in children without classic symptoms. We report the case of a girl with the history of imperforate anus but without neonatal hypocalcemia or major cardiac anomaly, who was diagnosed for 22q11DS at the age of 11 after the onset of overt hypocalcemia. She was born uneventfully from phenotypically normal Korean parents. Imperforate anus and partial cleft palate were found at birth, which were surgically repaired thereafter. There was no history of neonatal hypocalcemia, and karyotyping by GTG banding was normal. At the age of 11, hypocalcemia (serum calcium, 5.0 mg/dL) and decreased parathyroid hormone level (10.8 pg/mL) was noted when she visited our Emergency Department for fever and vomiting. The 22q11DS was suspected because of her mild mental retardation and velopharyngeal insufficiency, and a microdeletion on chromosome 22q11.2 was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The 22q11DS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypocalcemia at any age because of its wide clinical spectrum.
22q11 Deletion Syndrome* ; Anal Canal* ; Anus, Imperforate ; Calcium ; Child* ; Cleft Palate ; Delayed Diagnosis* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; DiGeorge Syndrome ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female* ; Fever ; Fluorescence ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia* ; Hypoparathyroidism ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intellectual Disability ; Karyotyping ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Parents ; Parturition ; Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Adenoma, Bile Duct* ; Bile Ducts* ; Bile* ; Cholangiocarcinoma*

PURPOSE: Our study aimed to determine whether obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common among branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) patients without systemic risk factors using a Watch PAT-100 portable monitoring device. METHODS: The study participants included consecutive patients with BRVO of less than 3 months duration without any risk factors known to be associated with OSA (diabetes, coronary artery disease, stroke, hematologic diseases, autoimmune disease, etc.) except for hypertension. All patients underwent full-night unattended polysomnography by means of a portable monitor Watch PAT-100 device. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was calculated as the average number of apnea and hypopnea events per hour of sleep, and an AHI score of five or more events was diagnosed as OSA. RESULTS: Among 19 patients (6 males and 13 females), 42.1% (8 of 19) had an AHI reflective of OSA. In the 13 patients who had no concurrent illness, including hypertension, 30.8% (4 of 13) had positive test results for OSA; three of these patients were ranked as mild OSA, while one had moderate OSA. The OSA group had an average AHI of 12.3 ± 7.8, and the average AHI was 2.0 ± 0.9 in the non-OSA group. Although it was not statistically proven, we found that OSA patients experienced a more severe form of BRVO. CONCLUSIONS: We found a higher than expected rate of OSA in BRVO patients lacking concomitant diseases typically associated with OSA. Our findings suggest that OSA could be an additional risk factor in the pathogenesis of BRVO or at least a frequently associated condition that could function as a triggering factor.
Apnea ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Hematologic Diseases ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Polysomnography ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Risk Factors ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive* ; Stroke

Spontaneous perforation of the bile duct without any traumatic or iatrogenic injury is extremely rare. We report a case of abscess formation related to spontaneous perforation of the common bile duct by a gallstone, mimicked a cholecochal cyst.
Abscess* ; Bile Ducts ; Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance ; Choledochal Cyst* ; Common Bile Duct* ; Gallstones

PURPOSE: We wanted to evaluate the clinical utility of performing bilateral whole breast US as a subsequent diagnostic method along with mammography in asymptomatic women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From May 2002 to Dec 2004, we conducted 3998 examinations on 3638 patients with negative findings on the clinical examination and negative mammographic results, and those breast tissues having a BI-RADS category 2, 3, or 4 density were further evaluated by performing bilateral whole breast US. The patients' age distribution ranged from 24 to 66 years (mean age: 43.6 yrs). The abnormalities were compared with core or vacuum assisted core biopsy, operations, and follow up US. For the normal cases, we used the clinical notes and the statistical data from the Korean Central Cancer Registry. RESULTS: For 3998 examinations of 3638 women who were examined with bilateral whole breast US, pathologic confirmations were available for 433 patients and follow-up data were available for 35 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, the positive predictive value and the cancer detection rate of using additional whole breast US were 50, 92.6, 0.6 and 0.5, respectively. The two cancers that were detected only on US were minimal breast cancer. CONCLUSION: Although all the breast cancers that were detected only on US were minimal breast cancers, performing bilateral whole breast US revealed a low cancer detection rate and a high false positive. Therefore, further studies will be needed to investigate the role of US as a screening tool.
Age Distribution ; Biopsy ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mammography ; Mass Screening ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Vacuum