The present study evaluates the effects of calcium sulfate and DFDB on alveolar bone regeneration and cementum formation and connective tissue adhesion in intrabony angulated 1 wall defects of dogs. Four millimeter-deep angulated one-wall intrabony defects were surgically created in the mesial & distal aspects of premolars and with flap operaion alone(control group), with calcium sulfate(experimental group 1), with composit graft of 50% calcium sulfate and 50% DFDB(experimental group 2), with DFDB alone(experimental group 3). Histologic analysis following 8 weeks of healing revealed the following results: 1. The lengths of connective tissue adhesion was 1.05+/-0.48mm in the control, 1.30+/-0.67mm in the test group I, 0.97+/-0.22mm in the test group II and 0.93+/-0.15mm in the test group III. There was no statistical significance between control and all experimental groups. 2. Changes in alveolar bone level was 0.97+/-0.27mm in the control group, 1.45+/-0.42mm in the test group I, 2.00+/-0.33mm in the test group II , 1.88+/-0.34mm in the test group III. There was no statistically significant difference between control and experimental group I. There was a statistically significant difference between the control and experimental group II,III.(p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between all experimental group. 3. Cementum formation was 1.13+/-0.17mm in the control, 1.78+/-0.31mm in the test group I, 2.17+/-0.38mm in the test group II, 2.15+/-0.47mm in the test group III with statistically significant differences between control group and all experimental group(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant differences between all experimental group. These results suggest that the use of composit graft of 50% calcium sulfate and 50% DFDB and DFDB alone in angulated 1 wall intrabony defects has little effects on connective tissue adhesion, but has significant effects on new bone and new cementum formations.
Animals ; Bicuspid ; Bone Regeneration ; Calcium Sulfate* ; Calcium* ; Connective Tissue ; Dental Cementum ; Dogs* ; Transplants*

Numerous bone graft materials have been used in Periodontics, in an attempt to reach the main goal of periodontal therapy, i.e. the regeneration of periodontal tissue lost due to destructive periodontal diseases. The present study investigates the effect of composite graft of DFDB and Calcium sulfate with and without Calcium sulfate barrier in Periodontal 1-wall intrabony defects in dogs. Following the initiation of general anesthesia by I.V. administration of 40mg/Kg of Pentobabital, second premolar was extracted and full thickness flap elevated. The crown portion of premolars was removed. Exposed root canals were sealed with Caviton and covered completely with flap. After the healing period of 8 weeks, the surgical sites were re-opened and 1-wall intrabony defects were created, and treated with flap operation alone(control group), with composit graft of 80% DFDB and 20% Calcium sulfate(Experimental group 1), with composite graft of DFDB and calcium sulfate with calcium sulfate membrane(Experimental group 2). Healing response was histologically observed after 8 weeks and the results were as follows: 1. New bone formation was 70 % in the control group, 93 % in the Experimental group I, 89 % in the Experimental group II. There was a no differences between Experimental groups. 2. New cementum formation was not significantly different between control and two Experimental groups. 3. The length of connective tissue adhesion was 30 % in the control, 7% in the Experimental group I and 11 % in the Experimental group II. 4. After 8weeks, calcium sulfate was completely resorbed, while DFDB particle remained. These results suggest that the use of composite graft of allogenic DFDB and Calcium sulfate with and without Calcium sulfate barrier in periodontal 1 wall intrabony defects have little effect on connective tissue adhesion, but has beneficial effect on new alveolar bone and new cementum formation, and prevent downgrowth of epithelium and connective tissue effectively.
Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Bicuspid ; Calcium Sulfate* ; Calcium* ; Connective Tissue ; Crowns ; Dental Cementum ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Dogs* ; Epithelium ; Osteogenesis ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontics ; Regeneration ; Transplants*

The purpose of this study was to investigate the width of attached gingiva of 414 subjects with healthy gingiva, or early stage of gingivitis. We compared the differences according to the tooth location, age (Yonger group : 14~30, Older group : 31~67) and gender. In addition, we compared the width of attached gingiva in the subjects with less than 2 sites of gingival recession(Re< or =2) and the subjects with more than 3 sites of gingival recession(Re> or =3) to study the relationship between the gingival recession and the width of attached gingiva. The results were as follows : 1. The width of keratinized gingiva was widest in maxillary incisors(5.3+/-1.4mm) and narrowest in mandibular right 1st bicuspid and mandibular right and left 2nd molars(3.5+/-1.1mm). 2. The width of attached gingiva was widest in maxillary right central incisor(3.8+/-1.5mm) and narrowest in mandibular right 2nd molar(1.2+/-1.0mm). 3. In the comparison between the age groups, the width of keratinized in older group was significantly(p<0.05) wider than that in younger group in maxillary right and left 1st bicuspids, mandibular right and left 1st and 2nd molars, maxillary right and left cuspids and mandibular right 1st bicuspid. There was no significant difference in the width of attached gingiva between the two groups except for maxillary right and left 1st molars and maxillary left 2nd molar. 4. In the comparison between male group and female group, in maxillary right and and left lateral incisors and cuspids, mandibular right and left cuspids and 1st bicuspids, the width of attached gingiva in female was significantly(p<0.05) wider than that in male group. 5. In the comparison between the Re 3 group and Re 2 group, there was no significant difference except for maxillary right and left 2nd molars and maxillary left 1st molar. 6. The frequency of gingival recession was in the order of mandibular right 1st bicuspid(16.6%), maxillary right 1st bicuspid(13.7%), maxillary and mandibular left 1st bicuspids(13.4%), mandibular left cuspid(10.5%), maxillary left and mandibular right cuspids(10.1%) and maxillary right cuspid(7.9%).
Bicuspid ; Cuspid ; Female ; Gingiva* ; Gingival Recession ; Gingivitis* ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Molar ; Tooth

Tooth mobility may be the decisive factor that determines whether dental treatment of any kind is undertaken. Although tooth mobility in isolation says little in itself, the finding of increased tooth mobility is of both diagnostic and prognostic importance. Only the detection of an increase or decrease in mobility makes an evaluation possible. Thus prior to treatment, we must understand the pathologic process causing the observed the tooth mobility and decide whether the pattern and degree of observed tooth mobility is reversible or irreversible. And then it must be decided whether retention and treatment or extraction and replacement. The purpose of this study was to compare tooth mobility at different time period during root planing and flap operation and to relate changes in mobility to each treatment method. Twenty-one patients (287 teeth) with chronic adult periodontitis were treated with root planing(control group) and flap operation(experimental group), and each group was divided 3 subgroups based upon initial probing pocket depth (1-3mm, 4-6mm, 7mm and more). Tooth mobility was measured with Periotest (R) at the day of operation, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks after each treatment. Tooth mobility, attachment loss, radiographic bone loss, and bleeding on probing were measured at the day of operation, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment. 1.In group initial probing depth was 1-3mm, tooth mobility had no significant difference after root planing and flap operation. 2.In group initial probing depth was 4-6mm, 7mm and more, tooth mobility had decreased in 12 weeks after root planing(p<0.01). And the mobility had increased after flap operation(p<0.01) and was at peak in 1 week, and decreased at initial level in 4 weeks, below the initial level in 12 weeks(p<0.01). 3.In 1 week, significant difference in tooth mobility between control and experimental group was found(p<0.01) but, in 12 weeks no difference between two groups was found. 4.Change of immediate tooth mobility after treatment was more larger in deep pocket than in shallow one. In group with the same probing pocket depth, the change of tooth mobility in molar group was greater than that of premolar group. 5.Tooth mobility before treatment was more strongly correlated with radiographic bone loss(r=0.5325) than probing depth, attachment loss and bleeding on probing, in 12 weeks after treatment, was more strongly correlated with attachment loss(r2=0.4761) than probing depth and bleeding on probing. Evaluation of the treatment effect and the prognosis after root planing and flap operation were meaningful on tooth initial probing depth 4mm and more. After flap operation, evaluation of the prognosis should be performed at least in 4 weeks and in 12 weeks after treatment, no difference in tooth mobility between two groups was observed. Radiographic bone loss and attachment loss were good clinical indicators to evaluate tooth mobility.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

Calcium sulfate has a long history of medical use as an implant material. The biocompatibility of the material has been clearly established. Bone ingrowth concomitant with resorption occurs rapidly with efficient conduction of bone from particle to particle. Calcium sulfate also has a potential for functioning as a good barrier membrane. The purpose of this study was to compare the biocompatibility of different types of calcium sulfate grafting materials including an experimental calcium sulfate compound on periodontal ligament cells in vitro as a preliminary test towards the development of a more convenient and useful form of grafting material which could promote regeneration of periodontal tissue. Human periodontal ligament cells were collected from the premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic treatment. Cells were cultured in alpha-MEM culture medium containing 20% FBS, at 37degrees C and 100% humidity, in a 5% CO2 incubator. Cells were cultured into 96 well culture plate 1x104cells per well with alpha-MEM and incubated for 24 hours. After discarding the medium, those cells were cultured in alpha-MEM contained with 10% FBS alone(control group), in medcal-grade calcium sulfate(MGCS group), in plaster(plaster group), experimental calcium sulfate paste(CS paste group) for 1, 2, 3 day respectively. And then each group was characterized by examining of the cell counting, MTT assay, collagen synthesis. The results were as follows. 1. In the analysis of cell proliferation by cell counting, both medical-grade calcium sulfate group and plaster group showed no stastically significant difference at day 1, 2, 3 accept for plaster group at day 1 compared to control group, but there was stastically significant difference between CS paste group and all other groups at day 1, 2, 3(P<0.05). 2. In the analysis of cytotoxicity by MTT assay, both medical-grade calcium sulfate group and plaster group showed no stastically significant difference compared to control group at day 1, 2, 3 but there was stastically significant difference between CS paste group and all other groups at day 1, 2, 3(P<0.05). 3. In the analysis of collagen synthesis by immunoblotting assay, high level was detected for medical-grade calcium sulfate group and plaster group at day 1, 2, 3 compared to CS paste group. On the basis of these results, medical-grade calcium sulfate and plaster was shown to possess biocompatibility whereas the CS paste had unfavourable outcome. This observation shows a need for modification of the materials contained in calcium sulfate paste.
Bicuspid ; Calcium Sulfate* ; Calcium* ; Cell Count ; Cell Proliferation ; Collagen ; Humans ; Humidity ; Immunoblotting ; Incubators ; Membranes ; Periodontal Ligament* ; Regeneration ; Tooth ; Transplants

The present study investigates the effects of DFDB graft combined with Calcium sulfate membrane on the periodontal wound healing in dehiscence defects of dogs. Following the initiation of general anesthesia by I.V. administration of 30mg/kg of pentobarbital, first premolar was extracted and full-thickness flap was elevated from the second to the fourth premolar. The portion of premolars coronal to the alveolar crest was removed and mesial and distal roots separated to produce single rooted teeth. Exposed root canals were sealed with Caviton and covered completely with flaps sutured. Following the healing period of 12 weeks, the surgical sites were uncovered and 4x4mm dehiscence defects were surgically created. Those defects with DFDB graft combined with Calcium sulfate membrane following root planing, were designated as test sites and those with flap surgery-only were designated as controls. 1. No foreign-body reaction or inflammation were observed in either groups. Calcium sulfate was completely resorbed in the test sites. 2. Significantly greater amounts of new cementum was observed in test sites compared with the controls. Significant amounts of functionally orientated collagens were observed in the test sites. 3. New bone formation was observed in significantly greater amounts in test sites. The results suggest that combined graft of DFDB and calcium sulfate is extremely biocompatible with a potential for new bone and cementum formation, and functional alignment of periodontal ligaments.
Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Bicuspid ; Calcium Sulfate* ; Calcium* ; Collagen ; Dental Cementum ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Dogs* ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Inflammation ; Membranes* ; Osteogenesis ; Pentobarbital ; Periodontal Ligament ; Root Planing ; Tooth ; Transplants* ; Wound Healing* ; Wounds and Injuries*

No abstract available.
Bicuspid* ; Molar*

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of periodontal tissue which has been lost due to destructive periodontal disease, and numerous kinds of materials and techniques have been developed to achieve this goal. Bone grafts include autografts, allografts, xenografts and synthetic grafts. Among the synthetic grafts, bioactive glass has been used in dentistry for more than ten years and Fetner reported improved new bone formation and more amount of new attachment after grafting PerioGlas , a kind of bioactive glass, in 2-wall defects of monkeys in 1994. It is well known that 1-wall defects have less osteogenic potential and more epithelial migration, so we need to study the effect of bioactive glass in 1-wall defects in dogs. The present study evaluates the effect of bioactive glass on the epithelial migration, alveolar bone regeneration, cementum formation and gingival connective tissue attachment in intrabony defects of dogs. Four millimeter deep and four millimeter wide 1-wall defects were surgically created in the mesial aspects of premolars. The test group received bioactive glass with a flap procedure and the control underwent flap procedure only. Histologic analysis after 8 weeks of healing revealed the following results: 1. The height of gingival margin was 1.30+/-0.73mm above CEJ in the control and 1.40+/-0.78mm in the test group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. 2. The length of epithelial growth(the distance from CEJ to the apical end of JE) was 1.74+/-0.47mm in the control and 1.12+/-0.36mm in the test group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.01) 3. The length of new cementum was 2.06+/-0.73mm in the control and 2.62+/-0.37mm in the test group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. 4. The length of new bone was 1.83+/-0.74mm in the control and 2.39+/-0.59mm in the test group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. These results suggest that the use of bioactive glass in 1-wall intrabony defects has significant effect on the prevention of junctional epithelium migration, but doesn't have any significant effect on new bone and new cementum formation.
Allografts ; Animals ; Autografts ; Bicuspid ; Bone Regeneration ; Connective Tissue ; Dental Cementum ; Dentistry ; Dogs* ; Epithelial Attachment ; Glass* ; Haplorhini ; Heterografts ; Osteogenesis ; Periodontal Diseases ; Regeneration ; Tooth Cervix ; Transplants