No abstract available.
Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord*

Purpose: The study aimed to classify patient safety accident and nursing malpractice types through a content analysis of litigation cases in which nurses were found guilty. Methods: Data on malpractice cases were collected from the official website of the Korean judiciary. This analysis was conducted in stages according to the systematic content analysis method. A total of 46 cases consisting of 14 criminal cases and 32 civil cases were selected for analysis, and classified based on the types of safety accident and nursing malpractice. Results: Eleven categories and 14 subcategories of accidents were extracted from 71 significant statements. The 11 categories of accidents consisted of falls, medication, burns, treatment, diet, medical equipment, delivery, exams, surgery, infection, and suicide. Five categories and 14 subcategories of nursing malpractice were extracted from 71 significant statements. The five categories of malpractice were as follows: failure to take affirmative action to prevent accidents, monitor, follow guidelines, use equipment properly, and reports. Conclusion These findings highlight the importance of nurses’ independent roles as patients’ safety managers. It can be used as primary data to develop organizational and educational support for nurses seeking to perform their professional roles in ensuring patient safety.

A clinical analysis was carrried out on 306 pts c Gastric ulcer who have visited the Depart on Internal Medicine. Daegue Catholic Hospital during the period from August 1980 to June l982. The result were as follows: of the total 306 cases, 249(81%) cases were male and 57(19%) cases were female, Male to female ratio was 4. 3: 1. Thirsty two percent of the cases blonged to the 6 tb decade, 25.5% to 5 th and 19% to 7 th decade. (continue...)
Daegu ; Female ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Male ; Stomach Ulcer*

The role of amino acids in culture media for IVF-ET was examined in a total of 76 cycles. Patients received clomiphene citrate (CC) followed by hMG or GnRH-a combined with gonadotropins (FSH/hMG) for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Severe male (<4 x10(6) motile sperm) or age factor (>39 y) patients were excluded in this study. Pregnancy was classified as clinical if a gestational sac or fetal cardiac activity was seen on ultrasound. No significant differences were found in age, duration of infertility, follicle size, the level of E2 on the day of hCG injection, the mean number of oocytes retrieved, total motile sperm count, fertilization rate and the mean number of embryos transferred between bHTF (without amino acids) and mHTF (with amino acids) groups. However, total ampules of gonadotropins were higher (p<0.01) in mHTF group than bHTF group. Significantly (p<0.05) more clinical pregnancies were recorded in mHTF group (13/30) compared with bHTF group (9/46). The multiple pregnancy rates were 11.1% in bHTF group and 77% in mHTF group. There were one ectopic pregnancy in mHTF group and one heterotopic pregnancy in bHTF group. Abortion rates were 22.2% in bHTF group and 7.7% in mHTF, respectively The ongoing pregnancy or livebirth .ate was significantly (p<0.05) higher in mHTF group (12/30) than bHTF group (7/46). These results suggest that the addition of amino acids in culture media is essential for culture of zygotes in vitro and adjustment of energy substrates in phosphate-free culture media appears to be beneficial for human IVF-ET procedure.
Abortion, Induced ; Age Factors ; Amino Acids* ; Clomiphene ; Culture Media ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Gestational Sac ; Gonadotropins ; Humans* ; Infertility ; Male ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy Rate* ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Pregnancy, Heterotopic ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; Sperm Count ; Ultrasonography ; Zygote

PURPOSE: Assessment of the severity and clinical course of asthma is important for effective disease control. Cognitive and physical impairments occur due to the aging process, which may impact on asthma control. We aimed to evaluate the impact of cognitive function on the assessment of asthma control in older asthmatics as a prospective interventional trial. METHODS: A total of 50 mild to moderate asthmatics over 60 years of age were enrolled. Three questionnaires were used: the asthma control test (ACT), the asthma-specific quality of life, and the Korean version of the Short Form of the Geriatric Depression Scale. The Seoul neuropsychological screening battery-dementia version (SNSB-D), Korean version of the Mini-Mental Status Examination, and the Seoul instrumental activities of daily living scale were applied for neuropsychological assessment. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 67.0±4.9 years, and 30 patients (60.0%) were female. The sensitivity and specificity of the ACT for determining well-controlled asthma were 91.7% and 39.5%, respectively. Regarding neuropsychological assessment, 22 patients (44%) had mild cognitive impairment, 4 (8.7%) had dementia, and 17 (34%) had depression. Total SNSB-D score was significantly higher in patients with an ACT score of ≥20 (P=0.015). The ACT scores were significantly associated with SNSB-D results in analyses adjusted for age, sex, education duration, lung function, and depression (P=0.004). CONCLUSION: We found significant positive correlations between cognitive functions, as measured by SNSB-D, and asthma control status, as measured by ACT scores, in older patients with asthma. Therefore, cognitive impairment may be associated with poor asthma control in older asthmatics.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aging ; Asthma* ; Cognition ; Cognition Disorders* ; Dementia ; Depression ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Mass Screening ; Mild Cognitive Impairment ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Seoul

OBJECTIVES: To estimate false-negative rate of cervical smears using Autopap 300 QC system in rescreening modality. METHODS: From September 1997 to December 1997, Total 26,983 cervical smears were obtained and 18,592 cervical smears were rescreened by Autopap 300 QC system with 10% review rate. The 274 cases of total 26,983 cervieal smears were confirmed histologically by colposcopic biopsy, cone biopsy and hysterectomy. The 274 cases of cervical smears, which obtained prior to pathologic diagnosis made, were evaluated based on cyto-histologic correlation and then the false negative rate were estimated. The cervical smears were reviewed, researching for the cause of false negative. RESULTS: (1) Histologic diagnosis of 274 cases include 65 cases of Low SIL, 173 cases of High SIL, 29 cases of SCC, 2 cases of adenocarcinoma in situ, and 5 cases of invasive adenocarcinoma. (2) The false negative rate were 3% (9/274). Those were 6.2%(4/65) of LSIL, 2.3% (4/173) Of HSIL, none of SCC and AIS, and 20%(5/1) of invasive adenocarcinoma. (3) The false negative cases were reviewed. The 6 cases were sampling enor and 3 cases were screening error. CONCLUSION: Using AutoPap 300 QC system in rescreening modality, The false negative rate of cervical smears were decreased, compared with our previous study.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Hysterectomy ; Mass Screening ; Vaginal Smears

BACKGROUND: The morphological characteristics of hepatocytes transplanted into the spleen have been studied. However few attempts has been made to determine the expression of genes in intrasplenically transplanted hepatocytes. The aim of this study was to explore whether the pattern of expression of albumin gene in intrasplenically transplanted hepatocytes is similar to that in adult liver, resulting in the long-term expression of this hepatocyte-specific gene. METHODS: Hepatocytes isolated from liver of syngeneic Fischer 344 rats and transplanted into the spleen of rats from the same strain survived for 12 months in the absence of immunosuppressive drugs. Microscopic examination of intrasplenic hepatocytes and Northern blotting for albumin gene expression of RNA extracted from liver and spleen was performed. RESULTS: Microscopy demonstrated that hepatocytes attached themselves only in the red pulp of the spleen and isolated hepatocytes preserved the fine structures characteristic of normal hepatic parenchymal cells. Throughout the 12 months period, intrasplenically transplanted hepatocytes expressed albumin mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: Intrasplenically transplanted hepatocytes represent a unique in vivo system of extrahepatic maintenance of hepatocytes. This novel transplantation system could be used to investigate hepatocyte engraft, proliferation and gene expression.
Adult ; Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Gene Expression* ; Hepatocytes* ; Humans ; Liver ; Microscopy ; Rats ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger ; Spleen

Antiphospholipid syndrome(APS) is characterized by vascular thrombosis in association with elevated titers of antiphospholipid antibodies. Leg ulcers are a considered to be a cutaneous manifestation of APS due to thrombosis of small to medium sized vessels. We report a case of necrotic non-healing, ankle ulcers mimicking pyoderma gangrenosum associated with APS in 50-year-old man. He had a past history of autoimmune thrombocytopenia and cerebral infarction. Laboratory findings showed a circulating lupus anticoagulant, positive anticardiolipin antibodies as well as anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm antibodies. Skin biopsy of ulcer lesions showed thrombotic vasculopathy of medium sized vessels with minimal leukocyte infiltration. Ulcers were successfully treated with surgical debridement and subsequent skin graft along with anticoagulation therapy.
Biopsy

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder is clinically important because of its prevalence, chronicity, and therapy-refractoriness of the pain. In this study, we investigated the effect of infliximab in a mouse model of TMJ pain using a specially-engineered transducer for evaluating the changes in bite force (BF). The mice were randomly divided into three groups (7 mice per group): the control group, the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) group, and the infliximab group. BF was measured at day 0 (baseline BF). After measuring the baseline BF, CFA or incomplete Freund's adjuvant was injected into both TMJs and then the changes in BF were measured at days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 13 after the TMJ injection. For measuring the BF, we used a custom-built BF transducer. Control, CFA, and infliximab groups showed similar baseline BF at day 0. From day 1, a significant reduction in BF was observed in the CFA group, and this reduction in BF was statistically significant compared to that in the control group (P < 0.05). This reduction in BF was maintained until day 7, and BF started to recover gradually from day 9. In the infliximab group also, the reduction in BF was observed on day 1, and this reduction was maintained until day 7. However, the degree of reduction in BF was less remarkable compared to that in the CFA group. The reduction in BF caused by injection of CFA into the TMJ could be partially alleviated by the injection of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha, infliximab.
Animals ; Antirheumatic Agents/*therapeutic use ; *Bite Force ; Disease Models, Animal ; Freund's Adjuvant/toxicity ; Infliximab/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Temporomandibular Joint/pathology ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/chemically induced/*drug therapy/pathology ; Time Factors

Ruptured corpus luteum can cause massive hemorrhage. Because its symptoms are similar to those of ectopic pregnancy and/or acute appendicitis, its diagnose in early stage is not easy. When massive hemorrhage breaks out, it is reported that operational treatment is required. However, when accompanied with autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) along with stable vital signs, a conservative treatments such as corticosteroids and immunoglobulins can be carried out. A 23-year-old female presented with lower abdominal pain and diagnosed as intraperitoneal hemorrhage through ultrasonography and CT. Physical examination and laboratory findings also indicated that the patient was carrying systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We experienced a case of systemic lupus erythematosus with ruptured corpus lutem which treated with conservative treatments without complications and present it with brief review of literatures.
Abdominal Pain ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Appendicitis ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Corpus Luteum ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Lifting ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Physical Examination ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Vital Signs ; Young Adult