PURPOSE: High flow rate (FR) and pressure limit (PL) strategy with time-cycled pressure-limited (TCPL) ventilator is employed routinely in the neonates. Theoretical basis of this strategy is the two-compartment theory that the lung with acute respiratory failure consists of units with different compliance and resistance. But such constant pressure strategy has the risk of ventilator induced lung injury. We compared the ventilatory indices and clinical outcomes of two different strategies, high FR-constant pressure and low FR-constant FR in the ventilator care of the neonates with acute respiratory failure. METHODS: For the neonates born in our hospital and treated with mechanical ventilation from March to August in 1997, two different ventilator strategies were employed randomly with flow control ventilator. In the high-FR group, the FR was fixed at 10 L/ min and the PL was adjusted according to the arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA) results. In the low-FR group, the FR was adjusted to 10 mL/kg of tidal volume. Sixty neonates were enrolled, 32 in high-FR and 28 in low-FR group. Ventilatory indices and clinical outcomes were statistically cornpared in the two groups. RESULTS: Perinatal factors were not different in the two groups. Initial ventilator settings, ABGA results and ventilatory indices were not different. The tidal volume, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak inspired pressure and oxygenation index were higher and dynamic compliance was lower in the high-FR group compared to the low-FR group after 3 to 72 hours of ventilator care. In clinical outcomes, incidences of pulmonary interstitial emphysema, pneumothorax and chronic lung disease were significantly lower in the low-FR group. CONCLUSION: Low-FR with constant FR strategy resulted in better clinical outcomes in the ventilator care of neonates. We conclude that constant FR strategy prevents damage of the better compliant lung units and decreases the incidence of acute and chronic complications of ventilator care.
Blood Gas Analysis ; Compliance ; Emphysema ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn* ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Oxygen ; Pneumothorax ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Insufficiency* ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury ; Ventilators, Mechanical

No abstract available.
Aspergillosis*

No abstract available.
Extremities* ; Sarcoma*

The cytolytic activity of CD4' T cells, both human and murine, has been clearly demonstrated in the immune response to mycobacterial infection and suggested to play a significant role in the protection and immunopathology. However, Uttle is known about the differentiation of CD4' CTL. In order to address this issue, we examined the influences of some factors on the generation of CD4' CTL specific to mycobacterial antigens. After 7 days' stimulation of PBMCs from healthy tuberculin reactors with mycobacterial antigens, the cytolytic activity of purised CD4' T cells toward autologous macrophages infected with mycobacteria was measured by Cr release assay. First, we found that both of live M. tubeiculosis and soluble antigens (ST-CF) induced the cytolytic activity of CD4' T cells, although the inducibility of the former was slightly greater than the latter. Second, the cytolytic activity was maximally induced at the relatively low antigen concentration (0.2:1 bacteria:monocyte ratio or 0.5 mg/ml of ST-CF). Finally, in the presence of increasing amounts of neutralizing anti-IL-12 or anti-IFN-r MoAb, the cytolytic activity of CD4+ T cells was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that low dose of antigen, its particulate type give mycobacteria), IL-12, and IFN-r give some positive signals for the generation of CD4+ CTL.
Humans ; Interleukin-12 ; Macrophages ; T-Lymphocytes* ; Tuberculin

We report a case of malignant tumor of the stomach showing both carcinoma and sarcoma components in a 47 year-old woman. The resected stomach revealed two tumors which were in different location. The one mass was a 2 x I cm, poorly demarcated tumor at the body, along the lesser curvature and the other was a 6 x 7 cm, well demarcated polypoid tumor with a central depression at cardia of the posterior stomach wall. The tumor at the body was a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma which showed strong reactivity for CEA. The tumor at the cardia was composed of epithelioid or spindle shaped cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and revealed 5-6 mitoses per ten high power field. The tumor at the cardia was diagnosed as epithelioid leiomyosarcoma and showed reactivity for vimentin but none for actin, desmin,keratin, and CEA. This is different from the usual carcinosarcoma.
Female ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma

To evaluate the ultrastructure of cornea keratocyte infected by Herpes simplex virus, the cornea was excised from enucleated rabbit eyes. Cornea epithelium and endothelium of these was removed and cultivated in culture media. After 7 days, the Kos strain of Herpes simplex virus was inoculated into the cultured cornea keratocytes and co-cultivated until the cytopathic effect occurred. Cornea keratocytes was fixed in the 3%glutaraldehyde and examined with electron microscope. The infected cells were active cells and slightly more round appearance than normal cells. They had microvillies composed of cytoplasmic process protru-sions into collagen fibers. Virus particles was transmitted into neighboring cells easily since there was no barrier function of collagen fibers that was destroyed in the condition of culture. The nuclear changes of infected cells were marked :nuclear chromatin was degraded, condensated and displaced toward the nuclear membrane. There were many virus particles in the nucleus. There were also many degenerations in the cytoplasm, destructed numerous cytoplasmic organelles and many virus particles seen in the cytoplasm. The ultrastructural findings of keratocytes co-cultivated with Herpes simplex virus were identified from our result.
Chromatin ; Collagen ; Cornea ; Culture Media ; Cytoplasm ; Endothelium ; Epithelium ; Herpes Simplex* ; Microvilli ; Nuclear Envelope ; Organelles ; Simplexvirus* ; Virion

No abstract available.
Blood Glucose* ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Imrnortalized human fetal liver cell lines established by transfecting simian virus 40 T gene wae found to lose differentiated liver cell functions in successive long-term culture. Butyrate, known as a differentiation-promoting agent for a variety of cancer cell lines, is produced in the colon by bacterial flora and selectively transported into the liver though the portal blood flow. Therefe, butyrate might play a role in the maintenance of differentiation in hepatocytes in vivo. In thepresent study, the effects of butyrate on cell growth and differentiation in human fetal liver cell lines was investigated. METHODS: Human fetal liver cell lines imrnortalized by SV 40 T antigen were treated with sodium butyrate (1mM), and cell growth rate after butyrate treatment were nmsured by the number of viable cells, determined by trypan blue dye exclusice method. The effects of sodium butyrate on the hepatocyte-specific differentiatian were assessed by albumin and alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) mRNA expression, analyzed using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and were also by the increment of albumin secretion into culture media, determined by a competitive inhibition ELISA. RESULTS: Treatment with sodium butyrate resulted in a cessation of cellular proliferation and alterations in cellular morphology (increased cell size and polygonal change in shape). The level of albumin mRNA after sodium butyrate treatment was elevated by about two times as compared to that of control. In contrast, AFP mRNA expression were dennstrated neither before nor after sodium butyrate treatment. The average amount of albumin released in the medium was less than 6pghnl/10'cells/2days in the absence of sodium butyrate, and increased to 17 p g/ml/10'cells/2days at day 2, 21ugfml 10'cells/2days at day 4 in the presence of sodium butyrate, and these levels thereafter were over 10 times higher than that in the absence of sodium butyrate until day 10. CONCLUSION: These mults indicate that treatment of immcetalized fetal liver cell lines with butyrate leads to inhibition of cellular proliferation and promotion of adult hepatocyte-specific differentiation.
Adult ; Antigens, Viral, Tumor ; Butyrates ; Butyric Acid* ; Cell Line* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Size ; Colon ; Culture Media ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hepatocytes ; Humans* ; Liver* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; Simian virus 40 ; Sodium* ; Trypan Blue

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Lens culinaris agglutinin-A reactive alpha-fetoprotein (AFP L3) has been reported to be highly specific for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of AFP-L3 for the diagnosis of HCC in the patients either with chronic liver disease or with HCC in complete remission who showed significant increment of serum AFP level and no mass lesion in the liver on ultrasonography. METHODS: A total numer of 34 patients (24 with chronic liver disease, 10 with HCC in complete remission) were enrolled, who showed significant increment of serum AFP level and no mass lesion in the liver on ultrasonography. Serum AFP L3 levels were analysed by AFP differentiation kit L. Abdominal spiral CT or ultrasonogram was performed at 1-3 month intervals and all of the patients were followed up for more than 6 months. RESULTS: Among 24 patients with chronic liver disease, two were positive (higher than 15%) for AFP L3; however, HCC was not detected in these patients, while HCCs were detected in two of 22 patients negative for AFP L3 during followe-up. Eight of the 10 patients with HCC in complete remission were positive for AFP L3; recurrent HCCs were detected in 7 of those 8 patients as well as in the rest 2 patients negative for AFP L3 during follow-up. The overall sensitivity and specificity of AFP L3 measurement for the detection of HCC within 6 months of follow-up were 63.6% and 87.0%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive value for HCC in patients with chronic liver disease were O% and 90.9% and for recurrent HCC in HCC patients in remission were 87.5% and ON, respectively. CONCLUSION: The measurement of AFP L3 is suggested to be useful for the diagnostic strategy in patients either with chronic liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma in complete remission, who showed progressive increment of serum AFP level and no mass lesion in liver on ultrasonogram.
alpha-Fetoproteins* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Diagnosis* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lens Plant* ; Liver Diseases* ; Liver* ; Recurrence ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to analyze the prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infection in people living within 5 km of the Youngsan River basin, to develop an educational program to prevent the infection, and to examine the effects of the educational program. METHODS: This study employed a one group pretest-posttest design, the subjects were 384. This study was conducted from November 20, 2008 to June 16, 2009. The results were analyzed with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. RESULTS: Of the residents, 5.7% were infected with Clonorchis sinensis and the knowledge level about the prevention of Clonorchis sinensis was improved significantly from 9.75+/-5.12 points before the education to 15.05+/-2.43 points after the education. One of the important effects was that the willingness to eat raw fresh-water fish was reduced after the education. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, a continuous research needs to be conducted on how education and knowledge level-up change people's living attitudes for the prevention of Clonorchis sinensis infection and the reduction of the infection rate in the future.
Clonorchis sinensis* ; Education ; Intention ; Korea* ; Prevalence* ; Rivers*