OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the objective and universal attitudes toward mentally-disabled defendants. The authors examined the criminal characteristics of the mentally-disabled defendants and clarified the differences between psychiatric opinions about the criminal responsibilities of mental patients and the final judicial decisions. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 75 mentally-disabled defendants. They had been referred to Seoul Eunpung Municipal hospital during the period of Jan. 1990 to Mar. 1997. We examined them through psychiatric interview, clinical psychological tests and other tests. The data obtained were analyzed in several aspects: demographic factors, characteristics of crime, psychiatric opinions and legal opinions. RESULTS: Regarding the demographic background, most commonly met subjects were males, single, in their twenties and thirties, with educational background of about 11 years, unemployed, and living in urban districts. Approximately one third(37.5%) of all subjects were diagnosed as schizophrenia, 10.8% an mood disorder and 9.3% as personality disorder. The most frequent criminal act was assault and battery(28.0) and the mental states at the time of the criminal act could be inferred as delusion/hallucination(52.0%) and paroxysmal emotional uncontrollable state(33.3%),etc. About forty perecnt(39.4%) of victims were strangers, 25.3% were public servants 21.3% were family members. According to the psychiatric report out of 75 defenddants, defendants were classified as followes:44 defendants were evaluated to be totally free of criminal responsibility, 22 defendants to be partially responsible, and 5 defendants to be fully responsible. However, the psychiatric evaluation was found to be in contrast with the final judicial decisions by the court:16 defendants were totally free of criminal responsibility, 44 of restricted criminal responsibility and 15 fully responsible. In case of no responsibility, the agreement rate between the judge's opinions and the psychiatric ones was 36.3%, for partial responsibility it was 73.0%, and for full responsibility it was 100%. DISCUSSION: The judges do not completely agree to psychiatric opinions. Therefore, the authors suggest that more facilitated communication between psychiatrists and judges should be necessary for the benefiit of mentally-disabled defendants.
Crime ; Criminals ; Demography ; Disability Evaluation* ; Hospitals, Municipal ; Humans ; Male ; Mentally Ill Persons ; Mood Disorders ; Personality Disorders ; Psychiatry ; Psychological Tests ; Schizophrenia ; Seoul

Hailey-Hailey disease(benign familial chronic pemphigus) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by blisters at sites of friction such as the neck, axillae and groin which are caused by suprabasal epidermal acantholysis. We report two cases of Hailey-Hailey disease in the one family. One of the two cases has asymptomatic multiple longitudinal white bands in the fingernails associated with typical skin lesions. The nail lesions have not been described until reported by Burge in 1992 and it may be a characteristic finding in Hailey-Hailey disease.
Acantholysis ; Axilla ; Blister ; Friction ; Groin ; Humans ; Nails ; Neck ; Pemphigus, Benign Familial* ; Skin

Kaposis sarcoma is a multicentric neoplastic vascular tumor involving the skin or internal organs. We report a case of classic Kaposis sarcoma in a 69-year-old male who had positive serum cytomegalovirus antibodies and disseminated multiple erythematous to purplish colored confluent papules and edema on both lower legs. The histopathological finding showed abnormally proliferated and dilated vessels, vascular spaces, spindle cells, and extravasated erythrocytes. He was treated with radiotherapy, but died due to ventricular tachycardia.
Aged ; Antibodies ; Cytomegalovirus ; Edema ; Erythrocytes ; Humans ; Leg* ; Male ; Radiotherapy ; Sarcoma, Kaposi* ; Skin ; Tachycardia, Ventricular

We report two cases of recurrent extramarnmary Pagets disease after wide local excision. Both cases involved the scrotum and the penoserotal junction, respectively. On histopathological examination, we could observed many Paget cells confined to the epidermis and the hair follicle, but not invading the underlying dermis in both cases. There was no evidence of internal malignancy. Both cases were treated with wide local reexcision.
Dermis ; Epidermis ; Hair Follicle ; Paget Disease, Extramammary* ; Scrotum

The monoclonal antibody Ki-1(CD30) was first described in 1982 and was reported to react selectively with Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkins disease, highly activated B and T cells and large cell lymphomas of both T-and B-cell origin. Lymphomatoid papulosis(LyP) is characterized by recurrent erythematous papules or nodules that undergo spontaneous healing with hyperpigmentation and scarring. Histologically, two major types of LyP can be distinguished: type A is characterized by the presence of variable numbers of Ki-1+ large, atypical lymphocytes with some Reed-Sternberg like cells and type B is characterized by Ki-1- atypical cerebriform mononuclear cells similar to those in mycosis fungoides. We report a case of Ki-1+ lymphomatoid papulosis which was histopathologically recognized as a type B lesion but represented a Ki-1 positive reaction.
B-Lymphocytes ; Cicatrix ; Hodgkin Disease ; Hyperpigmentation ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma ; Lymphomatoid Papulosis* ; Mycosis Fungoides ; Reed-Sternberg Cells ; T-Lymphocytes

This research analyzed the iron status, clinical symptoms and physical characteristics between normal and anemic group of middle school girls in the Ulsan metropolitan area. It was carried out with 237 subjects (normal 190, anemic subject 47). They were evaluated with a questionnaire and measurement of hematological indices. BMI (kg/m2) of the two groups were 19.54 +/- 2.44 (normal girls) and 19.22 +/- 2.27 (anemic girls). The hemoglobin concentration of the anemic girls were 10.84 +/- 1.17g/dl and the serum iron of the anemic girls represent 35.15 +/- 27.47 microgram/100 ml. The TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity) of the anemic girls showed significantly high to 449.30 +/- 64.87 microgram/100 ml. The serum ferritin of the anemic girls was 20.53 +/- 42.29 microgram/l, it represented significantly low. The symptom of 'pale face' of the anemic girls were higher than the normal girls. Hemoglobin and serum iron were negatively correlated with 'pale face'. The TIBC was negatively correlated with 'Get a cold easily'. The duration and amount of menstruation were correlated with iron status. This research is to be utilized as basic data for dietary support and nutritional education to improve their iron status.
Anemia ; Anthropometry* ; Education ; Female* ; Ferritins ; Humans ; Iron* ; Menstruation ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Ulsan

We report a case of Darier's disease with typical cutaneous and nail lesions in a 50-year-old male patient. He has brownish hyperkeratotic papules on the ant.chest, back, both axilla and groins and verrucous surfaced hypertrophic plaques on the scalp, forehead and both postauricular areas, which were accompanied by a severe itching sensation and malodor. Also he has finger nail lesions such as subungual hyperkeratotic papules, distal wedge shaped notching and multiple longitudinal red lines on the nail plates. Histopathologic features taken from the inguinal area revealed hyperkeratosis, suprabasal clefts and lacuna, protruded villi lined with one layer of basal cells into the cavity and dyskeratotic cells such as corps ronds in the epidermis. Hyperkeratotic papules on the ant.chest, back, both axilla and groins disappeared after systemic treatment withe a low dose of oral etretinate but hypertrophic plaques on the scalp and both postauricular areas still remained clinically and histopathologically. We then the treated postauricular hypertrophic plaques with CO2 laser vaporization and severe malodor with oral isotretinoin and it resulted in a marked improvement.
Acitretin* ; Axilla ; Darier Disease* ; Epidermis ; Etretinate* ; Fingers ; Forehead ; Groin ; Humans ; Isotretinoin* ; Lasers, Gas* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pruritus ; Scalp ; Sensation ; Volatilization*

PURPOSE: Implant survival rates using a bone-added osteotome sinus floor elevation (BAOSFE) procedure with simultaneous placement of a non-submerged sand blasted with large grit and acid etched (SLA) implant are well documented at sites where native bone height is less than 5 mm. This study evaluated the clinical results of non-submerged SLA Straumann implants placed at the time of the BAOSFE procedure at sites where native bone height was less than 4 mm. Changes in graft height after the BAOSFE procedure were also assessed using radiographs for 5 years after the implant procedure. METHODS: The BAOSFE procedure was performed on 4 patients with atrophic posterior maxillas with simultaneous placement of 7 non-submerged SLA implants. At least 7 standardized radiographs were obtained from each patient as follows: before surgery, immediately after implant placement, 6 months after surgery, every year for the next 3 years, and after more than 5 years had passed. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed at every visit. Radiographic changes in graft height were calculated with respect to the implant's known length and the original sinus height. RESULTS: All implants were stable functionally, as well as clinically and radiographically, during the follow-up. Most of the radiographic reduction in the grafted bone height occurred in the first 2 years; reduction after 2 years was slight. CONCLUSIONS: The simultaneous placement of non-submerged SLA implants using the BAOSFE procedure is a feasible treatment option for patients with severe atrophic posterior maxillas. However, the grafted bone height is reduced during the healing period, and patients must be selected with care.
Dental Implantation ; Floors and Floorcoverings ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Maxilla ; Maxillary Sinus ; Silicon Dioxide ; Survival Rate ; Transplants

PURPOSE: To describe the early experience of analyzing variations and time trends in bladder volume of the rectal cancer patients who received bladder ultrasound scan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 20 consecutive rectal cancer patients who received whole pelvic radiotherapy (RT) and bladder ultrasound scan between February and April 2012. Before simulation and during the entire course of treatment, patients were scanned with portable automated ultrasonic bladder scanner, 5 times consecutively, and the median value was reported. Then a radiation oncologist contoured the bladder inner wall shown on simulation computed tomography (CT) and calculated its volume. RESULTS: Before simulation, the median bladder volume measured using simulation CT and bladder ultrasound scan was 427 mL (range, 74 to 1,172 mL) and 417 mL (range, 147 to 1,245 mL), respectively. There was strong linear correlation (R = 0.93, p < 0.001) between the two results. During the course of treatment, there were wide variations in the bladder volume and every time, measurements were below the baseline with statistical significance (12/16). At 6 weeks after RT, the median volume was reduced by 59.3% to 175 mL. Compared to the baseline, bladder volume was reduced by 38% or 161 mL on average every week for 6 weeks. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this study is the first to prove that there are bladder volume variations and a reduction in bladder volume in rectal cancer patients. Moreover, our results will serve as the basis for implementation of bladder training to patients receiving RT with full bladder.
Humans ; Observer Variation ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Ultrasonics ; Urinary Bladder

BACKGROUND: Angioleiomyoma of the skin is a rare smooth muscle tumor and may develop anywhere in the body. Comprehensive clinicopathological analysis of angioleiomyomas developed in Korean has not been reported in domestic dermatological journals. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and pathological characteristics of angioleiomyoma and the relationship between the tumor and the nerve with immunohistochemical stains. METHODS: Fifty nine cases of angioleiomyoma were reappraised from the files of the pathology of Seoul National University, Green Cross Reference Laboratory Center and Korea Veterans Hospital. Brief clinical histories of all cases were examined and microscopic findings in 35 cases were classified according to subtypes. Paraffin blocks were recut and stained in 16 cases for desmin, smooth muscle actin and S-100 protein. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 1. Male to female ratio was 1:1.27. 2. The age of the patients was mostly over 20 years and the mean age was 51 years in men and 40 years in women. 3. Tumors occurred most frequently in the lower extremity(38 cases), and followed by upper extremity(18 cases), head(2 cases), and trunk(1 case). Women had predominance of the legs in location site and men showed equal distribution in the lower and upper extremities.
Actins ; Angiomyoma* ; Coloring Agents ; Desmin ; Female ; Hospitals, Veterans ; Humans ; Korea ; Leg ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth ; Paraffin ; Pathology ; S100 Proteins ; Seoul ; Skin ; Smooth Muscle Tumor ; Upper Extremity