OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether women with unexplained elevations of maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG) at 14-20weeks gestation are at incresed risk for poor pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: 661 pregnant women undergoing second trimester triple marker screening test for Down syndrome and neural tube defect and delivered at our hospital were reviewed. Of 656 pregnancies that did not have maternal serum alpha feto-protein> or =2.5 multiples of the median(MoM), risk for poor pregnancy outcomes include to preeclampsia, preterm delivery, preterm rupture of membrane(PROM), small for gestational age(SGA) and fetal distress was evaluated in women with elevated hCG(> or =2.0 MoM) compared with women without elevated hCG(<2.0 MoM). RESULTS: Pregnancies with elevated hCG levels were at increased risk for preeclampsia (risk ratio 3.4, 95% confidence interval 1.5-7.6) but elevated hCG levels were not significantly associated with preterm delivery, PROM, and SGA and fetal ditress independent with preeclampsia. CONCLUSION: Pregnancies with elevated second-trimester hCG appear to be at higher risk of subsequent preeclampsia and this finding supports the theory that placental vascular changes that ultimately lead to preeclampsia begin at least by the second trimester. But further studies must be to determine how such information can be used to improve pregnany outcome.
Chorion ; Chorionic Gonadotropin* ; Down Syndrome ; Female ; Fetal Distress ; Humans* ; Mass Screening ; Neural Tube Defects ; Pre-Eclampsia* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Pregnant Women ; Rupture

This study was performed to investigate the distribution of endotoxin in various organs after intraperitoneal injection of E. coli homogenator(0111:B4, 3X10(9)cells/200g of body weight). Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with E. coli homogenator and sacrificed 1 and 3 hours after injection. The lung, liver, and kidney were immunohistochemically stained with avidin-biotin complex method and observed by light and electron microscopy. On the light microscopy, granular deposits of reaction products of immunohistochemical stain were found on the cytoplasmic membrane of endothelial cells and some of parenchymal cells of all organs observed. Electron microscopic study revealed finely granular reaction products on the surface of endothelial cells and some of parenchymal cells. The pinocytotic vesicles of endothelial cells demonstrated reaction products in the early phase of experiment. The distribution of reaction products were prominent in the liver among three organs. The Kupffer cells showed the most sensitive and strongest positive reaction. The hepatocytes and endothelial cells revealed weak positive reaction 3 hours later. The alveolar macrophages of the lung were also positive from the early phase of endotoxemia, while the pneumocytes and alveolar septa demonstrated weakly positive reaction in the later phase. The capillary endothelium of the kidney revealed positive reaction from the early phase. According to above results, it is concluded that the endotoxin entered into the systemic circulation was captured in the liver and lung. And both mononuclear phagocytic system and endothelial cells could be activated or damaged by endotoxin.
Rats ; Animals

BACKGROUND: Doppler echocardiography is a non-invasive technique that has been used to evaluate LV diastolic dysfunction. Impaired left ventricular diastolic filling is known to occur in patients with coronary artery disease. Compared with those in normal subjects, Doppler-derived transmitral blood flow velocities have been reported to be reduced during early diastolic filling and to be compensatory elevated subsequent to atrial systole in patinets with coronary artery disease. But stiffness of myocardium normalize the E/A ratio, and normal E/A ratio may reveal increased ventricular filling pressure. We tried to investigate left ventricular filling parameters by Doppler echocardiography in patients with early myocardial infarction, and to compare left ventricular diastolic function regarding infarct location on EKG, one or multivessel disease on coronary angiography, and treatment modality. METHODS: From September 1993 to August 1995, Pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography was performed in patients with early acute myocardial infarction(N=95) and control group(N=20) within 5 days after admission, and parameters of diastolic function was evaluated. RESULTS: Echocardiographic data showed significant differences in mean ejection fraction, mean left ventricular mass, and mean left ventricular mass index between two groups. There was no significant difference in E/A ratio, deceleration time, and isovolumetric relaxation time between two groups. Neither, there was significant difference in each diastolic parameter for infarct related wall on EKG. And there was no significant difference in deceleration time for one or multi vessel disease on coronary angiography, treatment modality(conservative treatment, thrombolytic therapy, or primary PTCA). CONCLUSION: In patients with early acute myocardial infarction, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was absent. And there was no significant correlation between the presence of diastolic dysfunction and the location of infarct related wall on EKG, or one or multi vessel disease, or treatment modality.
Blood Flow Velocity ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Deceleration ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Myocardium ; Relaxation ; Systole ; Thrombolytic Therapy

We observed the patients admitted to the department of pediatrics of Seoul Red Cross Hospital during the past twenty years form Jan. 1971 to Dec. 1990. The results were as follows: 1) The total number of pediatric inpatients during 20 years was 15,800, of which 9,683 were male, 6,117 were female and male to female ratio was 1.58:1. 2) On age distribution, neonates and infants less than 1 year of age were 6,224 cases (39.4%). 3) Monthly distribution of the inpatients showed the highest incidence in October. 4) Infectious and parasitic diseases were 4,759 cases (30.1%) and respiratory tract diseases, 3,556 cases (22.5%) and disease of these two group occupied more than one half of total admission. 5) Major 10 leading causes of hospitalization were diarrheal disease (14.2%), convulsion (7.0%), acute bronchiolitis (6.8%), pneumonia, tuberculosis, URI, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, prematurity and low birth weight infant, acute glomerulonephritis and laryngitis in the order of frequency. 6) There was marked decrease in the number of the admitted patients with typhoid fever, bacillary dysentery, tuberculous meningitis, hepatitis, pyogenic meningitis, rheumatic fever, and acute glomerulonephritis. But the patients with URI, bronchial asthma, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and Kawasaki disease have increased.
Age Distribution ; Asthma ; Bronchiolitis ; Dysentery, Bacillary ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis ; Hepatitis ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Inpatients ; Laryngitis ; Male ; Meningitis ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; Parasitic Diseases ; Pediatrics ; Pneumonia ; Red Cross ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; Rheumatic Fever ; Seizures ; Seoul ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal ; Typhoid Fever

Localized or solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the pleura has been classified as a type of mesothelioma, arising from the submesothelial connective tissue cells. The preoperative diagnosis of the tumor at the cytologic or histologic level is very important for the proper handling of the lesion. This preoperative diagnosis is now possible by means of the advance in the transthoracic fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) techniques and in the very experience of the cytopathologists. We describe FNA cytologic feature of two cases of SFT arising from the pleura. Cytologic, histologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic characteristics of pleural SFT are discussed. The tumor cells of SFT are spindle or oval in shape with a variable amount of cytoplasm. They are arranged in irregular trabeculae intimately ass- ociated with capillaries. A unique cytologic feature observed in this tumor is that thick, eosinophilic, amorphous collagen bundles are scattered between tumor cells
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Capillaries ; Child* ; Collagen ; Connective Tissue Cells ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophils ; Hematuria* ; Humans ; Mesothelioma ; Pleura ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors

No abstract available.
Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor*

Malignant lymphomas of the upper respiratory tract are relatively common in the Orient including Korea. They have a marked clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic diversity. We retrospectively reviewed 20 cases of malignant lymphomas with features of polymorphic reticulosis in the upper respiratory tract. Histopathologic findings consisted of polymorphism of lymphoid cells in 17 cases(85%), angiocentricity in 14 cases(70%), coagulation necrosis in 12 cases(60%), and epitheliotropism in 8 cases(40%). By Working Formulation, 14 cases(70%) were classified as diffuse large cell type, 4 cases(20%) as diffuse mixed small cleaved and large cell type, one case as immunoblastic type, and one case as anaplastic large cell type. On immunostaining, one showed B-cell phenotype and 19 cases showed T-cell phenotype. The B-cell type was histologically diffuse large cell type. From these results, we concluded that polymorphic reticulosis is a type of peripheral T-cell lymphoma with angiocentricity.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of frozen gauze with normal saline on thirst and the oral health of patients with nasal surgery. METHODS: A quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group pretest-post test design was used. Participants (n=52) received either gauze frozen with normal saline (n=26), or wet gauze (n=26). The subjective thirst level and oral health of the participants were assessed before the intervention, 30 minutes after the first intervention, 30 minutes after the second intervention, and 30 minutes after the third intervention. RESULTS: After oral hygiene was provided twice, the thirst level was improved in patients receiving the gauze frozen with normal saline. After oral hygiene was provided a third time, the thirst level was improved in patients receiving the gauze frozen with normal saline. CONCLUSION: Gauze frozen with normal saline can be effective for oral hygiene in reducing the thirst level and improving the oral health in nasal surgery patients.
Humans ; Nasal Surgical Procedures* ; Oral Health* ; Oral Hygiene ; Thirst*

No abstract available.
Genes, ras* ; Humans*

This paper describes the incidence of transport accident for the period, 1955-1965. Transport accidents were classified into three categories, viz. railway(WHO Classification of Diseases, E-802), watercraft(E850-E858) and motor vehicle accidents(E810-E835, E840-E841, E844-E845). Crude data on the subject were collected from the various sources of Government Statistical Books including Statistical Year Books edited by the Central Office of Economic Planning Board, Annual Police Reports by the Ministry of Home Affairs, and the national and local associations for road traffic safety. From the data incidence and mortality rates by year, month and local province were computed and other variables relevant to the epidemiology of accidents were observed. The following summary could be drawn: 1. Death rates due to transport accidents per 100,000 population were 12.3 for 1955 and 9.7 and 1965. The incidence of injury due to the same cause were 34.0 for 1955 and 35.9 for 1965. 2. Death rates by transportation vehicle showed 9.0 due to motor vehicle accidents, 1.7 due to water-crafts, and 1.6 due to railway trains for 1955. In 1965 death rates were 6.0 due to motor vehicles, 1.2 to water-crafts and 2.4 to railway. 3. Seasonal distribution of transport accidents revealed that car accidents occur more frequently in spring and fall seasons while ship accidents do in winter and train accidents more in summer. 4. Both car and ship accidents slightly decreased during the past decade, 1955-1965, whereas the accidents of railway trains showed a tendency of increase. 5. Although the survey on railway accidents excluded the injuries of passengers or railway employees corresponding to WHO classification of diseases, E801, due to inaccuracy of data, it is roughly estimated that the same number of causalities as the incidence among pedestrians or any other than passengers or employees assumed to be at work(E 802).
Classification ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Mortality* ; Motor Vehicles ; Police ; Seasons ; Ships ; Transportation