Invasion of enteric bacteria, such as Salmonella and invasive E. coli, into intestinal epithelial cells induces proinflammatory gene responses and finally epithelial cell apoptosis. In this study, we asked whether invasive bacterial infection of human intestinal epithelial cells could upregulate cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression and whether increased COX-2 expression could influence intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis. Expression of COX-2 mRNA and prostaglandin (PG) E production were upregulated in HT-29 colon epithelial cells which were infected with S. dublin or invasive E. coli, as examined by quantitative RT-PCR and radioimmunoassay. Inhibition of COX-2 expression and PGE2 production using NS-398, a specific COX-2 inhibitor, showed a significant increase af epithelial cell apoptosis and caspase-3 activation in HT-29 cells infected with invasive bacteria. However, the addition of valerylsalicylate, a specific COX-1 inhibitor, did not change apoptosis in S. dublin-infected HT-29 cells. These results suggest that upregulated COX-2 expression and PGE2 production in response to invasive bacterial infection could contribute to host defense by inhibiting apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells.
Apoptosis* ; Bacteria ; Bacterial Infections* ; Caspase 3 ; Colon ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Dinoprostone ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Epithelial Cells* ; Gene Expression ; HT29 Cells ; Humans ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases* ; Radioimmunoassay ; RNA, Messenger ; Salmonella

OBJECTIVE: Because endometriosis is difficult to diagnose and has a high recurrence rate after treatment, a reliable serum marker of endometriosis is necessary. Therefore, the aim of this study is to measure the serum levels of CA125 and CA19-9 in patients with endometriosis before and after treatment and during recurrence, and to assess the usefulness of these levels in the diagnosis, clinical follow up and prediction of recurrence in endometriosis. METHODS: Eighty-eight patients who visited the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Ewha Mokdong Hospital from January 1994 to December 1998 and were diagnosed as endometriosis by laparoscopy or explo-laparotomy were enrolled as subjects. A retrospective analysis of serum CA125 and CA19-9 levels at 1 month before and 3 to 6 months after initiation of treatment was done. RESULTS: The serum CA125 and CA19-9 levels of endometriosis group(81.0+/-252.5, 36.6+/-53.4 ; mean+/-2SD, U/ml) before treatment was significantly higher than control group(11.6+/-12.8, 9.4+/-8.6)(p<0.05). Overall sensitivity rate for CA125, CA19-9 levels and both was 53.4%, 42.9% and 64.3% respectively. The sensitivity rate for endometriosis, stage 3 and 4(85.4%, 55.0%) was significantly higher than that, stage 1 and 2(p<0.05). The serum CA125 level in endometriosis group showed a significant increment according to stages(p<0.05) while the serum CA19-9 level showed an increasing trend(p=0.055) and both levels decreased significantly after treatment(p<0.05). The serum CA125 level was also higher at recurrence after treatment(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The serum CA125 and CA19-9 levels are a useful marker for diagnosing severity of disease, monitoring efficacy of treatment and predicting recurrence in endometriosis.
Biomarkers ; Diagnosis ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Obstetrics ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

We observed the patients admitted to the department of pediatrics of Seoul Red Cross Hospital during the past twenty years form Jan. 1971 to Dec. 1990. The results were as follows: 1) The total number of pediatric inpatients during 20 years was 15,800, of which 9,683 were male, 6,117 were female and male to female ratio was 1.58:1. 2) On age distribution, neonates and infants less than 1 year of age were 6,224 cases (39.4%). 3) Monthly distribution of the inpatients showed the highest incidence in October. 4) Infectious and parasitic diseases were 4,759 cases (30.1%) and respiratory tract diseases, 3,556 cases (22.5%) and disease of these two group occupied more than one half of total admission. 5) Major 10 leading causes of hospitalization were diarrheal disease (14.2%), convulsion (7.0%), acute bronchiolitis (6.8%), pneumonia, tuberculosis, URI, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, prematurity and low birth weight infant, acute glomerulonephritis and laryngitis in the order of frequency. 6) There was marked decrease in the number of the admitted patients with typhoid fever, bacillary dysentery, tuberculous meningitis, hepatitis, pyogenic meningitis, rheumatic fever, and acute glomerulonephritis. But the patients with URI, bronchial asthma, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and Kawasaki disease have increased.
Age Distribution ; Asthma ; Bronchiolitis ; Dysentery, Bacillary ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis ; Hepatitis ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Inpatients ; Laryngitis ; Male ; Meningitis ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; Parasitic Diseases ; Pediatrics ; Pneumonia ; Red Cross ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; Rheumatic Fever ; Seizures ; Seoul ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal ; Typhoid Fever

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the level of disease related knowledge, compliance of health behavior, and educational needs in relation to time (at discharge and 6 months after discharge) among patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: Data were collected from January 1, 2006 to September 30, 2006 and a total of 60 patients participated in the study. The survey was conducted in patients underwent PCI at the time of discharge right after discharge education was provided and at a follow up visit which was 6 months after discharge. RESULTS: The level of disease related knowledge (p<.001), the compliance of health behavior (p<.001), educational need (p=.496), the sub-item of sexual life (p<.001), follow up (p<.001), diet (p=.021), stress (p<.001) in compliance of health behavior, and the sub-item of specific character of disease in educational needs (p=.015) were significantly different between discharge and 6 months after discharge. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggested that further education should be provided to the patients underwent PCI regarding medication, smoking cessation, daily life and exercise at a time of 6 months after discharge in order to increase patient compliance of health behavior.
Compliance ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Diet ; Follow-Up Studies ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Patient Compliance ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Smoking Cessation

Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) leads to gastritis, but the majority of infected persons are asymptomatic, and it has been recently described that the ability of H. pylori to cause more severe disease is related to the presence of the cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA). We investigated the prevalence of cagA-bearing strains in a group of H. pylori-positive gastritis, and compared the morphologic differences between cagA-positive and cagA-negative cases on H&E stained slides. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for detection of H. pylori and cagA of 62 gastric biopsy specimens were performed. All the slides were analyzed by the updated Sydney system. Forty eight (77.4%) were PCR positive for H. pylori and thirty four (54.8%) were positive for cagA. There were no significant differences in numbers of H. pylori, degree of infiltration of mononuclear cells and degree of atrophy between cagA-positive and cagA-negative groups. The rates of neutrophilic infiltration and intestinal metaplasia were significantly higher in cagA-positive group than in cagA-negative group. In conclusion, the detection of H. pylori by PCR method is more sensitive than that of microscopic examination and H. pylori strains possessing cagA are associated with an enhanced induction of severe gastritis.
Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Gastritis* ; Helicobacter pylori ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Metaplasia ; Neutrophils ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence

Clinical and radiological observation was made on the 42 cases of childhood hydronephrosis patients admittedto Hanyang University Hospital from June, 1972 to August, 1982. Performed diagnsotic methods were exccretoryurography, retrograde pyelography, voiding cystourethrography and other advanced form of radiological methods suchas angiography or ultrasonography. The resultls were as follows; 1. The male patient were more frequent thanfemale patient and its ratio was 29:13. 2. 18 out of 42 patients were below 5 years of age and 9 of them were lessthan 1 year old. 3. Abdominal mass was the common presenting feature especially on obstructive hydronephrosis.Genitourinary symptoms or flank pain was the most frequent compliant in older children. Nongenitourinary symptomswere also noted especially in nonobstructive hydronephrosis of young children. 4. Obstructive hydronephrosis were26 cases and nonobstructive hydronephrosis were 17 cases. Pelviureteric junction was most frequent obstructionsite and intrinsic stricture was more frequent than extrinsic lesion. Vesicoureteric reflux and recurrent urinarytract infection was the frequent causes of nonobstructive hydronephrosis. 5. Both kidneys are equally affedted inall of cases. The left side was more frequently affected in obstructive hydronephrosis cases. 6. Voidingcystourethrography was performed in 14 cases and showed V-U reflux in 8 cases especially of mild nonobstructivehydronephrosis. 7. Ultrasonography was performed in 10 cases and it was the good method for diagnosis especiallywhen the abdominal mass was the presenting feature in children. 8. Most of operated cases were severe, grade IIIor IV, obstructive hydronephrosis cases. 9. Associated abnormalities affecting the genitourinary tract was foundin 17 cases. Nongenitourinary tract abnormalities were present in 20 cases especially associated with spinalanomaly.
Angiography ; Child ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney ; Male ; Methods ; Ultrasonography ; Urography

Adequate radiologic demonstration of the extent of renal injury following abdminal trauma is an importantguide to therapy. In general, renal injuries were classifed as minor, major or catastrophic based on a combinationof radiological and clinical findings. Diagnostic methods were plain abdominal film, IVP, renal angiography andrapid noninvasive methods, such as ultrasonography and CT. This study was carried out to analyze about eachdiagnostic modalities including the specific findings of various types and extent of trauma and correlation ofthese studies for the determination of best daignostic approach. Case materials were 100 cases of renal injuriesduring our 5 years experience. The resuls were as follows; 1. Among 100 patients, men predominated over women; men82, women 18. about one half (44 cases ) of these occured between the age of 11-30. 2. Nonpenetrating blunt traumaaccount for 98% of cases. Penetrating injuries were only 3 cases. 3. Associated injuries were noted in 23 cases.4. Renal injuries were classified into 4 categories. Grade I is contrusion(33 cases), II parenchymal injurywithout pelvocalyceal system involvement (24 cases), III parenchymal injury with pelvocalyceal systeminvolvement(29 cases) and IV injured involving renal pedicle(15 cases). 5. IVP is the most common initialdiagnostic modality and good for screening of patient, but only 30% of specificity is noted. 6. Renal angiographyhas many advantage with accurate assement of variety of lesion and be a good guidence for decision of prognosisand therapy. 7. Ultrasonography and CT are rapid noninvasive study, valuable in assessing the specific type andextent of injury and easily evaluated the entire abdomen. But for the vascular lesion, angiography is preferredthan ultrasonography or CT. 8. Conservative management was done in 68 cases. Operation were performed in 33 casesand 28 cases of them were major injuries.
Abdomen ; Angiography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography

Ganglia are ubiquitous but periosteal ganglion is rare. This case is presented showing an unusual radiological picture. The radiological picture with honey combed appearance is striking. Previaus reports have stressed the concavity in the cortex. Histologically the structure is identical to that of soft tissue ganglia.
Animals ; Comb and Wattles ; Ganglia ; Ganglion Cysts ; Honey ; Strikes, Employee

No abstract available.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the trends in domestic and foreign studies on the various effects of parental phubbing behavior on adolescent children. Methods: This scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) protocol. Literature published in five foreign databases and four domestic databases was searched. Two researchers independently reviewed and selected the literature, and the extracted data included the author, publication year, country of study, research methodology, study participants, independent variables and tools used, dependent variables, and influencing factors. Results: A total of 575 articles were identified, and 43 articles were finally included in the analysis. The publication years ranged from 2018 to 2022, and most studies were cross-sectional studies. The dependent variables were broadly classified into cognitive-behavioral, psychological, and social variables, with smartphone addiction and depression being the most commonly reported. Conclusion This study represents a significant attempt to investigate the trends in domestic and foreign research on the effects of parental phubbing on adolescent children, and is expected to be utilized as a foundation for developing programs to promote mental health, including interpersonal relationships for adolescents.