BACKGROUND: This is a study of the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which shows high mortality worldwide, and the effects of smoking on COPD by using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V. METHODS: FEV1/FEV6<0.73 was used as a diagnostic criterion of COPD. Frequency analysis for prevalence, descriptive statistics for general characteristics and ventilation rate according to age-specifications, and complex sample logistic regression analysis for the effect of smoking on COPD prevalence were used. IBM SPSS Statistics 21 Standard, Complex Samples for Medical Science(Windows) was used for data analysis(alpha=0.05). RESULTS: Prevalence of COPD was 11.6+/-0.5% of Koreans in their forties or over, and 17.5+/-0.8% in males, and 6.2+/-0.5% in females. There was significant increase of COPD prevalence with age increment. Before adjusting for age and smoking index(SI), the COPD possibilities of past and current-smokers compared with non-smoking males were (odds ratio [OR] 2.112 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.551-2.875]) and (OR 1.834 [95% CI 1.319-2.551]) respectively. After adjustments with age and SI, the COPD possibility of current-smoking was 2.099 (1.382-3.188) times higher and for past-smoking was 1.463 (1.012-2.115) times higher than non-smoking. The P-value of each group was significant. The regression coefficients (B) of current-smoking and past-smoking were 0.741 and 0.380 respectively. The prevalence of COPD increased 1.102 (1.090-1.115) times for every 1 year of age increase, and 1.012 (1.007-1.018) times for every 1 SI increase (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: After adjusting for age and SI, the prevalence of COPD in smokers was higher than non-smokers. And current-smoking had a higher OR and higher B than past-smoking.
Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mortality ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Prevalence* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Ventilation

No abstract available.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Radionuclide Imaging*

No abstract available.
Delivery of Health Care ; Informatics

No abstract available.
Humans ; Quality of Life* ; Self Care*

The loss of a limb results in major disability and psychological trauma to the affected individual. Amputees of dysvascular origin usually have multiple co-morbidities and their complicated post-operative course frequently leads to a prolonged hospitalisation or a subsequent amputation in a higher level of the limb. The integrated comprehensive approach by a interdisciplinary team in post-operative management starts immediately after a limb amputation to assure successful surgical and functional outcomes. The programme comprises a variety of medical and rehabilitation aspects: to control acute medical co-morbidities, evaluate and alleviate different types of pain, optimal wound care, condition the residual limb to be well-fitted with a prosthesis, address patient’s functional goals and achieve maximal independence in mobility and self care, coach ideal coping skills and provide psychosocial support, and educate patient and family about risk factor modulation and residual limb care. Aggressive oedema control and early mobilisation became standardised practice in post-amputation care in view of a number of advantages.
Lower extremity - Surgery

No abstract available.
Reference Values*

BACKGROUND: Immunostaining to identify nuclear antigen provides a convenient way of assessing proliferative kinetics in hyperplastic/tumor tissue. OBJECTIVE: The object of this study is to find out whether there are any differences in the expression of proliferation related protein among psoriasis, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma by immunohistochemical evaluation on the PCNA (proliferative cell nuclear antigen) and Ki-67. METHODS: The detection of PCNA and Ki-67 were done by,immunohistochemical methods (avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase methods) using respective monoclonal antibodies in the paraffin embeded tissues from psoriasis (17 cases), basal cell carcinomas (15 cases) and squamous cell carcinomas (10 cases). RESULTS: The labelling indices of PCNA were 14.2±4.0% in psoriasis, 10.9±5.5% in basal cell cardinoma and 28.0±7.8% in squamous cell carcinoma, while the labelling indices of Ki-67 were 15.7±3.8% in psoriasis, 11.26.1% in basal cell carcinoma and 30.3±9.4% in squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION: 1. Interpretation of Ki-67 staining was easier than that for PCNA, mainly because cell morphology was better preserved and the distinction between hyperplastic/tumor and nontumor cell was clear. 2. PCNA and Ki-67 counts had strong correlation to each other (r=0.979). 3. Our immunohistochemical results of PCNA and Ki-67 suggested that proliferative activity was more marked in psoriasis than basal cell carcinoma.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Kinetics ; Paraffin ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; Psoriasis*