No abstract available.
Angiotensins* ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A* ; Renal Insufficiency*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Immunotherapy*

Our hospital have started laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 1991, and after then many surgeons have been trained in the era of laparoscopic and minimally invasive surgery. Since then numerous procedures have been applied for a laparoscopic surgery, and many patients have been benefited as a result. We have performed the first automated surgery in Korea using Automated Endoscopic System for Optimal Positioning (AESOP) in June, 1996. With the help of Inbae Yoon’s(a 1961 graduate of our medical school) inspiration and donation, our hospital has started “IB Yoon Multi-Specialty Endoscopic Research & Training Center” in 1998. As we started the robotic surgery we have change the name to “Severance Robotic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Center” in March 2005. These infrastructures enables us the expansion of laparoscopic surgery and inspires many surgeons to understand principles and equipments of laparoscopic and robotic surgery. We performed the first robotic surgery using da Vinci system in July, 2005. During 5 and half years after introducing the da Vinci surgical system in 2005 we have performed more than 10000 cases of robotic surgery successfully. With collaboration between medicine and robotic engineering company, we are developing our own version of Korean robotic system. In conventional laparoscopic surgery, limited motion of laparoscopic instruments, 2-D surgical field, and unstable surgical view resulted from unnecessary movement of laparoscope (shaking surgical field) by assist surgeons, magnifying tremor of laparoscopic instrument, and unexpected movement of laparoscopic instrument by another assist-surgeon can accidentally produce inappropriate environment for safe laparoscopic surgery. To the contrary, stable 3-D surgical field provided by robot surgical system, wrist like movement of instrument, stationary holding of fourth arm movement (to replace the role of assistant surgeon in laparoscopic surgery) seems to produce very appropriate surgical environment for safe laparoscopic HBP surgery. Therefore, robot is thought to be very appropriate for function-preserving minimal invasive HBP surgery.

No abstract available.

Our hospital have started laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 1991, and after thenmany surgeons have been trained in the era of laparoscopic and minimallyinvasive surgery. Since then numerous procedures have been applied for alaparoscopic surgery, and many patients have been benefited as a result. Wehave performed the first automated surgery in Korea using Automated EndoscopicSystem for Optimal Positioning (AESOP) in June, 1996.With the help of Inbae Yoon’s(a 1961 graduate of our medical school) inspirationand donation, our hospital has started “IB Yoon Multi-Specialty EndoscopicResearch & Training Center” in 1998. As we started the robotic surgery we havechange the name to “Severance Robotic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Center”in March 2005. These infrastructures enables us the expansion of laparoscopicsurgery and inspires many surgeons to understand principles and equipments oflaparoscopic and robotic surgery. We performed the first robotic surgery usingda Vinci system in July, 2005. During 5 and half years after introducing theda Vinci surgical system in 2005 we have performed more than 10000 cases ofrobotic surgery successfully. With collaboration between medicine and roboticengineering company, we are developing our own version of Korean roboticsystem.In conventional laparoscopic surgery, limited motion of laparoscopic instruments,2-D surgical field, and unstable surgical view resulted from unnecessary movementof laparoscope (shaking surgical field) by assist surgeons, magnifying tremor oflaparoscopic instrument, and unexpected movement of laparoscopic instrumentby another assist-surgeon can accidentally produce inappropriate environmentfor safe laparoscopic surgery. To the contrary, stable 3-D surgical field providedby robot surgical system, wrist like movement of instrument, stationary holdingof fourth arm movement (to replace the role of assistant surgeon in laparoscopicsurgery) seems to produce very appropriate surgical environment for safelaparoscopic HBP surgery. Therefore, robot is thought to be very appropriate forfunction-preserving minimal invasive HBP surgery.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in dentofacial morphology of non-orthodontically treated female patients with TMJ disk displacement. METHODS: The sample consisted of 25 Korean female patients with bilateral TMJ disk displacement who visited the Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital from 1996 to 2006. Disk displacements were diagnosed using the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of both TMJs. Baseline (T1) and follow-up (T2) lateral cephalograms were analyzed. The mean age of samples at T1 was 18.1 +/- 3.5 years (range 14.2 - 25.8 years) and at T2, 21.1 +/- 3.5 years (range 16.2 - 28.0 years). The mean observation period was 3.0 +/- 1.9 years. Descriptive statistics for each variable were calculated at baseline (T1) and follow-up (T2) stages, and during the observation period (T2-T1). RESULTS: Skeletal changes were found in 64% of the non-orthodontically treated female patients with TMJ disk displacement during the observation period. The L1 to Mandibular plane distance (mm) increased significantly by 0.8 mm (p < 0.01). But there were no significant differences in the other dental relationship variables (overjet, overbite, U1 to palatal plane) during the observation period. Most patients with skeletal changes showed a backward rotation of the mandible. The ratio of the rotation was a decrease of SNB by 0.43degrees for every 1degrees increase of FMA (Spearman rho = -0.660, p < 0.01). A few patients showed a distal shift of the mandible without rotation or significant changes in the vertical dimension. CONCLUSIONS: During observation periods without orthodontic treatment, non-growing patients with TMJ disk displacement showed dentoskeletal changes, mainly backward rotation of the mandible.
Displacement (Psychology) ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mandible ; Orthodontics ; Overbite ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Xeroderma pigmentosum is characterized by sunlight sensitivit.y, autosomal recessive inheritance, and multiple cutaneous malignancies, usually basal and squamous cell carcinomas. In this work the effects of bleomycin and topical 5-fluorouracil on basal and squamous cell careinomas appearing in the patient of xeroderma pigmentosum were studied and followed up for two years. The material was a 50 year old female patient of xeroderma pigmentosum associated with basal and squamous cell carrinomas occuring in the exposed area, and its mixed tumor in the nose for thirty years. Duringfirst admission blecmycin was given intravenously in a dosage of 15 mg every other day or twice a week for basal cell carcinomas in the exposed area and mixed tumor in the nose. The total amount of bleomycin given was 315 mg. A year later another squamous cell carcinomas developed on the exposed area. She was treated with topical application of 5% 5-fluorouracil cream daily for 40 days during second admission. The results obtained are summarized as follows: l. The effect of bleomycin is more effective in the squamous cell carcinoma than in the basal cell carcinoma which recurred after 2 years. 2. Topical therapy of 5% 5-fluorouracil cream appeared almost complete effectiveness to the squamous cell carcinoma.
Bleomycin ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Ichthyosis* ; Middle Aged ; Nose ; Skin Neoplasms* ; Skin* ; Sunlight ; Wills ; Xeroderma Pigmentosum*

Echocardiographic examination was performed before, immediately after, 4-6 months after and 10-12 months after mitral valve replacement(MVR) surgery in 46 patients with mitral valve disease(8 patients with mitral regurgitation, 24 patients with mitral stenosis and 14 patients with mitral stenosufficiency) to evaluate the effects of mitral valve replacement on dimension of left atrium and left ventricle, volume of left ventricle, ejection fraction(EF) and fractional shortening(FS) of left ventricle. The results are as follows : 1) The endsystolic dimension(ESD), enddiastolic dimension(EDD), endsystolic volume(ESV) and enddiastolic volume(EDV) decreased significantly after operation in patients with mitral stenoinsufficiency(MSR), the ESD, EDD, ESV and EDV increased significantly after the operation, but returned to preoperative value 10-12 months after the operation. 2) The EF and FS of left ventrcle after MVR were significantly lower than preoperative value throughout the postoperative period in patients with MR. However in patients with MS or MSR, there were no significant postoperative changes in EF and FS, except transient depression in the patients with MS at the immediate postoperative period. 3) In all patients with mitral valve disease, the left atrial dimension and the ratio of domension of left atrium to the dimension of aorta decreased significantly after MVR. From above results, it is suggested that surgery should be considered seriously for the patients with MR before the ESD, EDD and ESV increase maekedly, even if the EF anf FS are in normal range and the symptoms are not severe, to prevent irreversible depression of myocardial function. It seems that serial echocardiographic examination is very helpful in this respect.
Aorta ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; Depression ; Echocardiography* ; Heart Atria ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Mitral Valve Stenosis ; Mitral Valve* ; Postoperative Period ; Reference Values

A series of 250 patients with filariasis due to periodic type of Brugia malayi was selected for the mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine from two areas in Cheju-Do. Two types of dosage schedules have been employed: the one was the conventional dosage schedule (uninterrupted dose of 6 mg/kg once daily 6 times repeated with an interval of one or two month totaling 72 mg/kg), and the other was the low dosage schedule (uninterrupted dose of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 mg/kg body weight given once a day with an additional 6 mg/kg once daily totaling the maximum 37.5 mg/kg). The relative effectiveness of those two schedules was evaluated under the basis of the effects on microfilaria counts and the results of analysis of side-reactions observed. The results obtained in this experiment are summarized as it follows. In the conventional dosage treatment, 118 out of 141 microfilaria positives treated (83.7%) became negative and microfilaria reduction rate was about 99%. However, in the low dosage treatment, 35 out of 43 positives treated (85.4%) became negative and reduction rate of microfilaria, 99.5% in average. Total dose and duration of treatment were 72 mg/kg and about 60 days in the former schedule but it were maximum 37.5 mg/kg and 10 days in the latter. The recurrence of filariasis after treatment in both conventional and low dosage was negligible. Comparative analyses regarding the resulting side-reactions between the two schedules were made on their frequency, severity, onset and duration and relationship with microfilaria density. The febrile reaction was most frequently observed in 80.5% in the conventional, 43.9% in the low dosage schedule. The main side-reactions usually appeared within 6 to 10 hours and lasted 48 to 72 hours in the former threament, however they occurred in 7 to 8 hours and lasted 24 to 43 hours in the latter dosage schedule. It is assumed that the side-reactions are not directly related with the microfilaria count. However, the febrile reaction seems to be correlated with microfilaria density if it is above a certain limit. The presence of adult worm in a lymphnode involved with local reaction was ascertained from the biopsy specimens performed and local reactions such as lymphangitis and lymphadenitis after drug administrations were assessed from clinical and pathological point of view. It was conclusively indicated that the chemotherapeutic response to low dosage schedule within shorter length of treatment was equal to that of larger doses in long term medication from the point of the reduction in microfilaria, and particularly the resulting side-reactions were also reduced in the low dosage schedule.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda-Bruigia malayi ; chemotherapy-diethylcarbamazine ; microfilaria ; diethylcarbamazine