No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Motor Vehicles*

With aging, several progressive changes occur on the midface including descent of attenuated lower eyelid skin which creates a skeleton-like appearance with infraorbital hollowness, and descent of the malar fat pad with exaggeration of the nasolabial fold. Most of the procedures for midfacial rejuvenation require extensive peripheral-to-central dissection in the subcutaneous, sub-SMAS or subperiosteal plane. The author's procedure entails direct access to the midface through a subciliary incision, elevation of the orbicularis oculi muscle and ptotic malar soft tissue. It has been performed through subcutaneous dissection on 67 patient and subperiosteal dissection on 4 patients. Subcutaneous dissection on the midface was made laterally to the zygomaticus maior, medially to the levator labii superioris under the oricularis muscle and inferiorly beyond the nasolabial fold. The range of subperiosteal dissection was similar to subcutaneous dissection, except on the dissection plane. Suspension sutures made at the malar retaining ligament and infero-lateral portion of the orbicularis oculi were fixed to periosteum of the lateral canthal area. In some patients, this procedure was combined with forehead lift(4), temporal lift(2), upper blepharoplasty(28), cervicoplasty(2), and lateral canthoplasty(12). In 23 patients who had a particularly prominent tear trough, a fat sliding technique was combined. The author has followed up 62 patients from a minimum 2 months to a maximum 27 months. Complications included urdercorrection(3), longstanding malar fullness(2), ectropion(1), transient numbness(2), and cheek dimpling(1). In conclusion, this centrofacial can be applied to patients who have limited ptosis of the midface with mild nasolabial fold.
Adipose Tissue ; Aging ; Cheek ; Eyelids ; Forehead ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Nasolabial Fold ; Periosteum ; Rejuvenation ; Skin ; Sutures

No abstract available.
Humans ; Physicians, Primary Care* ; Primary Health Care*

No abstract available.

The followings are the results of the study on industrial accidents occurred at 12 factories manufacturing metal products during the period of 2 years from January 1980 to December 1981 in the area of Yong-Dung-Po in Seoul. The results of the study are as follows: 1. The incidence rate of industrial injuries was 45.7 per 1, 000 workers, of the sample group and the rate of male (54.0) was three times higher than that of female ('17.5). 2. In age groups, the highest rate was observed in the group of under 19 years old with 83.5, awhile the lowest in the group of 40s. 3. It was found that those who had short term of work experience produced a higher rate of injuries, particularly, the group of workers with less than 1 year of experience showed the highest rate of it as 48.1%. 4. In working time, the highest incidence rate occurred 3 and 7 hours after the beginning of their working showing the rate of 6. 0 and 6. 1 per 1, 000 workers, respectively. 5. The highest incidence rate was observed on Monday as 8.4 per 1, 000 workers, and it was 18.3% in aspect of the days of a week. 6. in aspect of the months of a year, the highest incidence was observed on July as 5.4 per 1, 000 workers and the next was on March as 4. 8. These figures account for 11.8% and 10.5 of total occurrence in respective month. 7. In causes of injuries, the accident caused by power driver: machinery showed the highest rate with 37.5%, the second was due to handling without machinery with 17.2%, and the third was due to falling objects with 14.2%, and striking against objects with 10.2%, and so on. 8. By parts of the body affected, the mist injuries 84.3% of them occurred on both upper and lower extremities with the rate of 58.8% for the former and 25.5% for the latter. Fingers were most frequently injured with a rate of 40.3%. Comparing the sites of extremities affected, rate of injuries on the right side was 55.0% and 45.0% on the left sloe. 9. In the nature of injury, laceration and open wound were the highest w th 34.0%, the next was fracture and dislocation with 31.90, and sprain was the third with 8, 10. On the duration of treatment, it lasted less than one month in 68. 9~, of the injured cases, of which 14.5% of~the cases were recovered within 2 weeks, and 54.4% of them were treated more than 2 weeks. And the duration of the treatment tended to be prolot~ ged in larger industries. 11. The ratio of insured accidents to uninsured accidents was 1 to 4.7.
Accidents, Occupational ; Dislocations ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Extremities ; Female ; Fingers ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lacerations ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Medically Uninsured ; Seoul* ; Sprains and Strains ; Strikes, Employee ; Wounds and Injuries ; Young Adult

This study was carried out to develop a Korean language version of Zung's self-rating depression scale (SDS). The subjects consisted of 173 males and 161 females drawn from various groups of the general population by a cluster of sampling methods. In order to analyze the data on depression scores, Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient method was carried .out, as well as reliability and factor analysis, by the SPSS/PC+ program. The results obtained were as follows: The mean average of the total depression scores were 40.60. 8.66 for the subjects. Thirty-seven subjects (11.1%) showed high depression scores of 50 or over. Test-retest reliability(coefficient r=0.82, p <0.001), internal consistency(coefficient r=0.84, p <0.001) were satisfactory. Factor analysis using oblique technique rotation yielded five factors. The items of confusion, indecisiveness, decreased libido, diurnal variation, and psychomotor retardation were scored higher by the subjects. The items of suicidal rumination, psychomotor agitation, constipation, irritability, and weight loss were scored lower.
Constipation ; Depression* ; Female ; Humans ; Libido ; Male ; Psychomotor Agitation ; Weight Loss

No abstract available.
Humans ; Korea*

The purpose of this article was to determine the discriminant function analysis of the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale (KWIS) for 110 normal controls and 98 schizophrenics. Of special interest was to verify the clinical discriminant power of two subtests of the KWIS (Vocabulary and Digit Symbols) and Zung's Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Four major hypotheses were postulated. The normal control group would show higher scores then the schizophrenics; mean scores on both Vocabulary and Digit Symbol. The mean difference in Digit Symbol between the two groups would be greater than that in the Vocabulary. There would be no significant relation among Digit Symbol, Vocabulary, and Anxiety. The most powerful discriminant power would be expected from subtest of Digit Symbol. The mean discriminant scores were 1.34425 for the control subjects, 1.34425 for the schizophrenics. The correctly discriminated percentage was 89.1% for the control subjects, 90.8% for the schizophrenics. From the findings it was concluded that both Digit Symbol and Vocabulary scales had strong diagnostic value but the former was more powerful than the latter. However, the Anxiety scales had less diagnostic value.
Anxiety ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Vocabulary ; Weights and Measures

In order to clarify the contamination of vegetable gardens with human intestinal helminths, the soil samples were examined for the presence of eggs and larvae during the period from September 1973 to August l974. When soil samples collected from the vegetable gardens in Taegu were examined, four species of helminth eggs (ascarid, whipworm, hookworm and liver fluke) and a number of unknown eggs were found. Ascarid was found to be highest in the rate of detection(82.5 percent), followed by whipworm. The rates of hookworm, liver fuke and Trichostrongylus species were unexpectedly low. There was no difference between detection rate of vegetable gardens and that of vinyl green houses. However, the average number of helminth eggs detected from the soil of vinyl green houses was higher than the number of vegetable gardens. In the monthly incidence of ascarid eggs, the highest rate was found in September, and the least often was observed in August. While, the peak in the average number of the egg was encountered in August. There was no distinct trend in the monthly incidence of whipworm. However, it is likely that the detection number of whipworm per 100 gm of soil examined was relatively abundant in a period from May to August, and very little from October to April of next year. When the soil of vegetable gardens was divided into superficial, intermediate and deep layers and examined for presence of ascarid egg. The average number of the eggs found of the superficial layer was more abundant than those of the intermediate and deep layers, but the rate for the former was similar with the latter. In the demonstration of larval nematodes from the soil of vegetable gardens and vinyl houses, there found the filariform and rhabditoid larvae of hookworm and the larvae of Trichostrongylus species and unknown one. The majority of the larvae detected was belonged to unknown species, followed by hookworm larvae. The least was found in the rate of Trichostrongylus species. Generally, the filariform larva of hookwom could be detected during the hot season from May to August, but no larva was found in the winter. This suggests that the soil of vegetable gardens and vinyl green houses in Taegu is contaminated with human intestinal helminths.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda-trematoda ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; Trichuris trichiura ; hookworm ; Clonorchis sinensis ; egg ; larva