Respiratory Insufficiency*

The purposes of this study were to investigate importance level and performance frequency of the dietitians' duties and task elements, to examine the actual condition of education and need for education, to analyze the interrelation between their tasks and education, and to provide the direction of education for the contracted Business & Industry (B & I) foodservice dietitians. The task elements of receiving, ordering, HACCP management and directing serving process were done almost every day. In terms of the importance of tasks, food sanitation management, personnel sanitation management, receiving and ordering were high. Meanwhile, the computerization of their works was being carried out on the whole, showing a higher frequency in all the details of procurement management and accounting management, as well as task elements such as menu planning, leftover and food waste management, HACCP management and human resource management. In the past three years, HACCP management, cost management, planning work schedule and allotting a task, general business and sale bond management were increased most and rapidly. For the actual condition of education, dietitians got more education for the duty of sanitation, safe and facility/utility management than any other duty, while they did less education of procurement management and office management than others. Meanwhile, the education for sanitation, safe and facility/utility management and accounting management were very much required. For the relationships of frequency of duty and the necessity of education, seven task elements including food sanitation management were correlated positively. Eighteen tasks besides menu planning had a significant positive correlation between the importance of duties and the necessity of education.
Accounting ; Appointments and Schedules ; Commerce ; Contracts ; Humans ; Menu Planning ; Office Management ; Personnel Management ; Sanitation ; Waste Management

BACKGROUND: High Frequency Jet Ventilation(HFJV) has been applied safely to microlaryngeal endoscopic surgery(MES) via 14-16 gauge angiocath which is located around the carina. If HFJV is applied via the injection cannula of the Weerda distending operating laryngoscope(Weerda laryngoscope) which is located in 10cm above the vocal cord, complications associated with intubation and airway firing during laser surgery can be minimized. But increased dead space is expected. OBJECTIVES: We observed arterial blood gas changes after HFJV to determine how increased dead space influence arterial blood gases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients scheduled for MES were studied. We analyzed arterial blood gases at just before HFJV, 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after HFJV and 15 minutes after postanesthetic recovery room(PAR) arrival. Complications were also evaluated via physical examination and chest X-ray films. RESULTS: 1) All arterial oxygen tensions during HFJV with 100% oxygen(we do not have exact inspired oxygen fraction because of Venturi effect.) were above 200 mmHg. 2) Arterial carbon dioxide tension at 5 and 10 minutes after HFJV were significantly(p<0.05) greater than arterial carbon dioxide tension before HFJV. Statistical analysis was not performed due to small number of case(N=4, 3) at 15 and 20 minutes after HFJV, but progressive increasing tendency of arterial carbon dioxide tension was observed. 3) Complications such as mild abdominal distension, hypercarbia and moderate mucosal dryness were observed. CONCLUSION: HFJV via the injection cannula of Weerda laryngoscope can be used with caution such as prevention of hypercarbia.
Carbon Dioxide ; Catheters ; Fires ; Gases* ; High-Frequency Jet Ventilation* ; Humans ; Intubation ; Laryngoscopes* ; Laser Therapy ; Oxygen ; Physical Examination ; Thorax ; Vocal Cords ; X-Ray Film

A clinical observation was made on the 236 patients who had undergone transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TUR) between Jan. 1990. and Feb. 1996. in the Department of Urology, Korea Cancer Center focusing on complications. The mean operating time was 59.0 minutes(n=400). The most common immediate complication was bleeding(1.8%), and the remainder was nonurologic fever(0.8%). The delayed complication was urethral stricture(1.0%) requiting visual urethrotomy. The immediate postoperative morbidity was 2.5% and risk factors for immediate morbidity after TUR were operating time longer than 60 minutes and tumor, invading the muscle or more deeply(p<0.05, by Chi-square test). The delayed morbidity was 1. 0% and the only risk factor for delayed morbidity after TUR was the number of ~IJR more than 2(p<0.05, by Chi-square test). Careful attention to surgical details and indications is needed to reduce the amount and significance of the postoperative morbidity.
Humans ; Korea ; Risk Factors ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urology

A clinical observation was made on the 236 patients who had undergone transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TUR) between Jan. 1990. and Feb. 1996. in the Department of Urology, Korea Cancer Center focusing on complications. The mean operating time was 59.0 minutes(n=400). The most common immediate complication was bleeding(1.8%), and the remainder was nonurologic fever(0.8%). The delayed complication was urethral stricture(1.0%) requiting visual urethrotomy. The immediate postoperative morbidity was 2.5% and risk factors for immediate morbidity after TUR were operating time longer than 60 minutes and tumor, invading the muscle or more deeply(p<0.05, by Chi-square test). The delayed morbidity was 1. 0% and the only risk factor for delayed morbidity after TUR was the number of ~IJR more than 2(p<0.05, by Chi-square test). Careful attention to surgical details and indications is needed to reduce the amount and significance of the postoperative morbidity.
Humans ; Korea ; Risk Factors ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urology

NMP is a kind of protein relating to the internal structural framework of the nucleus, which is related to gene expression and regulation such as DNA replication and processing of RNA, and is made in tumor cell more than in normal cell. The object of this study is to evaluate the utility of NMP22 in urine as the possible marker of monitoring the transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Two groups attended the trial of NMP22; 1) 25 healthy volunteers 2) 25 patients with the transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The result is that the values of the mean NMP22 of the healthy volunteers and the patients with the transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were 4.04+/-1.83 U/ml and 186.9+/-405.9 U/ml, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.028). The value of urinary mean NMP22 according to the tumor grade and the tumor stage didn`t show the significant difference statistically (grade I: 41.3+/-51.9 U/ml, grade II: 167.6+/-369.3 U/ml, grade HI: 362.7+/-605.5 U/ml, superficial TCC: 204.2+/-453.0 U/ml, invasive TCC:132.0+/-217.1 U/ml). In detecting the transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, the sensitivity of urine cytology was 68% and the sensitivity of combining urinary NMP22 and urine cytology was 88%, when the value of the urinary NMP22 over 7.70 U/ml was considered as the positive. Urinary NMP22 is expected to increase the diagnosis and the detection of recurrence of the transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder if it is used together with the urine cytology as the urinary tumor marker of the transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Diagnosis ; DNA Replication ; Gene Expression ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Nuclear Matrix* ; Recurrence ; RNA ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

Periodic examination of patients after potentially curative treatment for breast cancer is routine practice. The objectives of such follow up are 1) surveillance for cancer recurrence 2) monitoring for toxicities related to therapy 3) maximizing overall health and quality of life for cancer survivors. However, recent literatures suggest that routine intensive follow up studies for asymptomatic breast cancer patients after primary treatments, showed no survival benefit. Also, there is controversy between aggressive and minimal policy for breast cancer patients follow up after primary treatment still exist. We administrated a mailed survey to The Korea Breast Cancer Society (KBSC) members (N=136,1996) to study the methods of preoperative evaluation and post-treatment follow up, as practicing in Korea and determine whether an accepted standard exists, or whether difference in practice occurred, base on physicians factors (years of physician experience, age of physician, number of breast cancer treated annually, practice type). The survey response yield was 45.59% (62/136), and mean age of the respondent was 43.7 years (range 33-67). There was roughly equal distribution of respondents by region (capital/noncapital area:27/31), and practice type (university hospital/general hospital: 37/21). The average practice in breast disease treatment of respondents (most of them were surgeon: N=57) was 8 years, and breast-conserving rate of respondents in 1996 was 210.2%. The considerable factors in follow up practice were 1) stage, 2) symptoms, 3) age, 4) operation methods, 5) demand of patient, 6) education level of patient in orders. Most frequently used tests for intial work up and base line follow up study for breast cancer patient were history, physical examination, mammography, breast US, chest X-ray, bone scan, FNA, open biopsy, CBC/ ESR, SMA, CEA, CA15-3 respectively. In this study, we proposed the model of breast cancer follow up which is practicing among the KBCS members and also we concluded as follows 1) This follow up model is more aggressive than other foreign cancer center follow up protocol 2) The KBCS members survey for non-breast cancer second malignancy less frequently than others 3) It seems to need concensus conference for Korea guideline model of breast cancer follow up.
Biopsy ; Breast Diseases ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Korea ; Mammography ; Neoplasms, Second Primary ; Physical Examination ; Postal Service ; Quality of Life ; Recurrence ; Survivors ; Thorax

The effect of topically instilled autologous serum on the heang of endothelium and change of aqueous chemical properties following alkali wounds were evaluated, New Zealand white rabbits, weighing 2.5kg. total of 64(64 eyes), were used in this experiment, Standardized corneal alkali wounds were produced by applying a round filter paper of 5.5mm in diameter, soaked in 1N NaOH, to the central cornea for 60 seconds. Autologous serum in the treated group and balanced salt solution(BBS) in the control group were given 4 times per day for 3 week. Endothelial defect areas and the concentrations of ascorbic acid, glucose and minerals in the aqueous humor were measured. Endothelial defect area was not significantly different between autologous serum-treated and control groups. The concentrations of ascorbic acid in the aqueous humor were significantly increased n the autologous serum-treated groups compared to the control groups. However, the concentrations of glucose, Na+, K+, Ca++ and Mg++ in the aqueous humor were not statistically different between two groups
Alkalies* ; Aqueous Humor ; Ascorbic Acid ; Cornea ; Endothelium ; Glucose ; Minerals ; Rabbits ; Wounds and Injuries*

Purpose: This study examined the impact of self-esteem and social support on self-care performance of liver transplantation recipients. Methods: In this correlational study, 101 recipients were recruited from a general hospital-affiliated outpatient clinic using a convenience sampling. Participants were asked to administer questionnaires of the self-esteem, the social support, and self-care performance. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and hierarchical linear regression. Results: Self-care performance of patients with liver transplantation was significantly different by gender, age, education level, and support group meeting. After controlling for these covariates, social support significantly influenced on self-care performance (β=.25, p=.010, adjusted R 2 .=.058). Conclusion Social support from medical team and family members is a critical factor to promote self-care performance level for liver transplantation recipients.

Purpose: Nearly one third of all patients with an eating disorder (ED) present with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Although it is necessary to pay attention clinically to NSSI in ED patients due to an increased suicidal risk, there are limited data on potential predictors of NSSI in ED. We conducted this study to uncover predictors of NSSI in ED. Materials and Methods: A total of 1355 ED patients who visited an ED clinic was evaluated through structured interviews by psychiatrists. The demographic and clinical characteristics of ED patients with NSSI (NSSI group) and ED patients without NSSI (non-NSSI group) were analyzed to identify potential predictors of NSSI in ED. Results: Among all ED individuals, 242 (17.9%) reported a history of NSSI. Compared to the non-NSSI group, the NSSI group reported more severe eating symptomatology, more comorbid psychiatric disease, and more suicidal risk. Comorbid alcohol use disorder, depressive disorder, purging behavior, history of suicide attempt, and rumination symptoms were uncovered as predictors of NSSI in ED. Conclusion The findings of the study are meaningful in that they highlight predictors of NSSI in ED in a large clinical sample. Understanding risk factors of NSSI and offering appropriate interventions are important to preventing suicidality in ED.