Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of selecting commercially available blending teas and applying them to bovine teeth on color change over time. Methods: After selecting healthy bovine teeth, using a cutting-disc, 105 specimens with a dimension of 5×5×3 mm were prepared, and 15 specimens were distributed to each group. Black tea was used as a positive control, water was used as a negative control, and blended tea of five types was used as an experimental group. First, pH and buffering capacity were measured with a pH meter, and tooth color was determined using a spectrophotometer before immersion in the blending tea solution and 1, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days after immersion. Thereafter, the shape change of the enamel surface was observed using a scanning electron microscope, and SPSS ver.26 was used to analyze the color change. Results: The average pH of the five blending teas in the experimental group was 3.78, and the pH of group 3 (strawberry rhubarb) was the lowest at 3.22. The pH levels of black tea and water were 5.19 and 7.30, respectively. The buffering capacity was the highest in group 3 at both pH levels of 5.5 and 7.0. The L*a*b* color change according to immersion time was the largest in group 4 (rooibos yellow flower), and the amount of color change was large in black tea and group 4. As a result of observing the enamel surface of bovine teeth, changes in the surface shape were noted in all groups immersed in the experimental solution for 21 days, except for water. Conclusion There was a significant difference between the experimental groups in terms of color change according to the immersion time, and color and enamel surface changes were observed in black tea and all experimental groups, except for water.

No abstract available.
Animals ; Coal* ; Dust* ; Lung* ; Rats* ; Silicon Dioxide*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Esophagitis*

Injuries from sea urchins are induced by from penetration of the calcareous spines into the skin. Apart from the transient episode of excruciating pain, there is usually no residual disability. Complications arise, however, when spines are embedded over bony prominences, or within joints. Two cases are reported with injury and protracted disability of fingers resulting from contact with the purple sea urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina, a common echinoderm inhabitant of the Korean east coast. After a latent period of several months in both cases, Case 1 presented as caseating granulomas in the synovium and case 2 exhibited as the usual soft tissue nonsynovial foreign body and noncaseating granulomas. There appears to be a paucity of published data regarding the effects of puncture wounds caused by the spines of this animal. The granulomas have appeared after a latent interval of several months in a proportion of the sufferers, suggests a delayed hyperserisitivity reaction similar to that produced by Mycobacterium species.
Animals ; Anthocidaris ; Bites and Stings* ; Fingers ; Foreign Bodies ; Granuloma ; Hand* ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; Inflammation* ; Joints ; Mycobacterium ; Punctures ; Sea Urchins* ; Skin ; Spine ; Strongylocentrotus purpuratus ; Synovial Membrane ; Wounds and Injuries

Patients with coronary artery disease and depressed ventricular function have better long- term benefits after coronary artery bypass grafting compared with medical therapy. But operative mortality remains high. This study was designed to identify the risk factors for coronary artery bypass grafting according to ventricular function. The records of 103 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting from July 1994 to June 1996 were analysed. The patients were divided into two groups based on preoperative ejection fraction: Low EF group(Ejection fraction < 40%, n=24) and Normal EF group(Ejection fraction >or= 40%, n=79). The indication of operation was significantly different between the two groups (p=0.00003). Postinfarction angina was frequent in Low EF group but unstable angina was frequent in Normal EF group. The frequency of cardiomegaly(p=0.0012), serum creatinine abnormality(p=0.0473) and preoperative use of IABP(Intra Aortic Balloon Pump, p=0.0095) were higher in Low EF group. The left internal thoracic artery was used less frequently in Low EF group(p=0.00416). The operative mortality was 8.3% in Low EF group and 5.1% in Normal EF group, but without statistical difference(p=0.5492). In Normal EF group, age (p=0.041) was identified as a significant risk factor for operative mortality. In Low EF group, age(p=0.018), preopertive use of IABP(p=0.0036), hypercholesterolemia(p=0.0007), and emergency of operation(p=0.0037) were identified as significant risk factors. Postoperative morbidity was 50% in Low EF group and 33% in Normal EF group, but without statistical significance(p=0.1007). These results suggest that in patients with coronary artery disease and depressed ventricular function, more aggresive coronary artery bypass grafting is needed to improve the symptom and long-term benefit. Risk factor
Angina, Unstable ; Coronary Artery Bypass* ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels* ; Creatinine ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Mammary Arteries ; Mortality ; Risk Factors* ; Ventricular Function

BACKGROUND: This study investigates the effects of a neuropeptide, secretoneurin (SN), on bone regeneration in an experimental mouse model. METHODS: The effects of SN on cell proliferation, osteoblast marker genes expression, and mineralization were evaluated using the CCK-8 assay, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and alizarin red S staining, respectively. To examine the effects of SN on bone regeneration in vivo, bone defects were created in the calvaria of ICR mice, and 0.5 or 1 lg/ml SN was applied. New bone formation was analyzed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histology. New blood vessel formation was assessed by CD34 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: SN had no significant effect on proliferation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. However, SN partially induced the gene expression of osteoblast differentiation markers such as runt-related transcription factor 2, alkaline phosphatase, collagen type I alpha 1, and osteopontin. A significant increase of bone regeneration was observed in SN treated calvarial defects. The bone volume (BV), BV/tissue volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular number values were significantly increased in the collagen sponge plus 0.5 or 1 lg/ml SN group (p < 0.01) compared with the control group. Histologic analysis also revealed increased new bone formation in the SN-treated groups. Immunohistochemical staining of CD34 showed that the SN-treated groups contained more blood vessels compared with control in the calvarial defect area. CONCLUSION SN increases new bone and blood vessel formation in a calvarial defect site. This study suggests that SN may enhance new bone formation through its potent angiogenic activity.

BACKGROUND: This study investigates the effects of a neuropeptide, secretoneurin (SN), on bone regeneration in an experimental mouse model. METHODS: The effects of SN on cell proliferation, osteoblast marker genes expression, and mineralization were evaluated using the CCK-8 assay, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and alizarin red S staining, respectively. To examine the effects of SN on bone regeneration in vivo, bone defects were created in the calvaria of ICR mice, and 0.5 or 1 lg/ml SN was applied. New bone formation was analyzed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histology. New blood vessel formation was assessed by CD34 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: SN had no significant effect on proliferation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. However, SN partially induced the gene expression of osteoblast differentiation markers such as runt-related transcription factor 2, alkaline phosphatase, collagen type I alpha 1, and osteopontin. A significant increase of bone regeneration was observed in SN treated calvarial defects. The bone volume (BV), BV/tissue volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular number values were significantly increased in the collagen sponge plus 0.5 or 1 lg/ml SN group (p < 0.01) compared with the control group. Histologic analysis also revealed increased new bone formation in the SN-treated groups. Immunohistochemical staining of CD34 showed that the SN-treated groups contained more blood vessels compared with control in the calvarial defect area. CONCLUSION SN increases new bone and blood vessel formation in a calvarial defect site. This study suggests that SN may enhance new bone formation through its potent angiogenic activity.

Oral or rectal sodium phosphate(NaP) preparation is commonly used for the colonic cleansing. Since the sole route of excretion of absorbed phosphate is renal, diminished renal function will limit the ability to excrete a sudden phosphate load. To date, about 20 adult cases of hyerphosphatemia associated with oral or rectal sodium phosphate solution have been reported, but not a single case in Korea to our knowledge. We report two cases of hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia after the administration of NaP(Colclean(R)) to reemphasizes the potential hazard of sodium phosphate bowel preparation in patients with compromised renal function.
Adult ; Colon ; Humans ; Hyperphosphatemia* ; Hypocalcemia* ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Korea ; Laxatives* ; Sodium

Invasive aspergillosis is a serious infectious complication, which can occur after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In particular, despite antifungal treatment, invasive aspergillosis involving the central nervous system (CNS) shows very high mortality. In principle, a neurosurgical procedure with an antifungal agent is recommended for treatment of CNS invasive aspergillosis. We encountered a patient suffering from disseminated invasive aspergillosis involving the lung, brain, and soft tissues after allogeneic HSCT for treatment of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia who was cured with voriconazole and stereotactic drainage of the brain abscess.
Aspergillosis ; Brain ; Brain Abscess ; Central Nervous System ; Drainage ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Lung ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Pyrimidines ; Stress, Psychological ; Triazoles