Five cases of intracranial lipoma diagnosed by MR are presented. MR imaging was performed on a 0.2T permanent unit using T1 weighted, proton density-weighted, and T2 weighted spin echo sequences. In two patients, gadolinium-enhanced T1 weighted image was also obtained. The lipomas were located dorsolaterally to the splenium of the corpus callosum (n=1), inferior to the splenium (n=2), in quadrigeminal plate(n=1) and in the presumed corpus callosum area in the case of agenesis of corpus call?um (n=1). The size and shape of the lipomas were variable. No contrast enhancement was seen in post contrast study. Sagittal T1 weighted image appeared to be the most useful imaging plane for the demonstration of the relationship between the lipoma ad the adjacent normal structures. The Homogenous signal intensity paralleling the fat signal and the characteristic location of the lesion are considered to be helpful in the differential diagnosis from dermoid cyst or teratoma.
Corpus Callosum ; Dermoid Cyst ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Lipoma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Protons ; Teratoma

Five cases of intracranial lipoma diagnosed by MR are presented. MR imaging was performed on a 0.2T permanent unit using T1 weighted, proton density-weighted, and T2 weighted spin echo sequences. In two patients, gadolinium-enhanced T1 weighted image was also obtained. The lipomas were located dorsolaterally to the splenium of the corpus callosum (n=1), inferior to the splenium (n=2), in quadrigeminal plate(n=1) and in the presumed corpus callosum area in the case of agenesis of corpus call?um (n=1). The size and shape of the lipomas were variable. No contrast enhancement was seen in post contrast study. Sagittal T1 weighted image appeared to be the most useful imaging plane for the demonstration of the relationship between the lipoma ad the adjacent normal structures. The Homogenous signal intensity paralleling the fat signal and the characteristic location of the lesion are considered to be helpful in the differential diagnosis from dermoid cyst or teratoma.
Corpus Callosum ; Dermoid Cyst ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Lipoma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Protons ; Teratoma

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate the nutrition quotient (NQ) by gender and understand which factors influence NQ in preschool children. METHODS: Subjects were 245 children (110 boys, 135 girls) aged 4-6 years and their parents. The questionnaire composed of demographic characteristics, eating behavior factors and the NQ questions. The NQ consisted of 19 food behavior checklist items and all items were grouped into 5 factors: balance, diversity, moderation, regularity, and practice. Inbody J05, a measurement device that measures individual's body composition was used to measure children's anthropometric data. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS program (Ver. 20) and the statistical differences in variables were evaluated by Student t-test, chi2-test, One-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. RESULTS: The total NQ score of the subjects was 65.3. The NQ score of girls (67.0) was significantly higher than that of the boys (63.2) (p<0.01). The girls' average scores of NQ factors including diversity (p<0.01) and practice (p<0.05) were higher than those of the boys. The analysis of related-factors influencing NQ scores showed that there was a significant difference among the groups according to feeding methods during infancy (p<0.05), breast feeding group being the highest. Furthermore, the NQ score showed a significant difference depending on how to correct children's unbalanced diet as well as parents' nutrition knowledge. The NQ score of obesity group tended to be lower than that of underweight group although there was no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Overall results indicated that the girls had better quality of diet and eating habits than the boys. Children and their parents need proper nutrition education and counseling to correct children's eating habits and to improve diet quality in kindergartens and in children care centers.
Body Composition ; Breast Feeding ; Checklist ; Child ; Child, Preschool* ; Counseling ; Diet ; Eating ; Education ; Feeding Behavior ; Feeding Methods ; Female ; Humans ; Obesity ; Parents ; Thinness

BACKGROUND/AIMS: There is considerable variance in individual susceptibility to hepato-toxic effects of ethanol as evidenced by the finding that only about 10-20% of alcoholics develop alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The aims of this study were, 1) to get the data on the genetic polymorphisms of three major ethanol-metabolizing enzymes (ADH, CYP2E1, ALDH) in normal Korean adults, and to search for the specific genotypes influencing alcohol drinking behavior by the comparison of allele frequencies between healthy control group and heavy drinker group with or without liver disease, 2) to investigate the influence of the genetic polymorphisms of these enzymes on the susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease by the comparison of allele frequencies between heavy drinker group without liver disease and alcoholic liver cirrhosis group. METHODS: Healthy control group included 53 healthy males in military service without evidence of liver disease or alcoholism. Heavy drinker group without liver cirrhosis included 29 males who had been drinking 80g or more of alcohol daily for more than ten years but did not have any clinical evidence of liver disease. Alcoholic cirrhosis group included 43 male patients who had drunk 80g or more of alcohol daily for more than ten years and had clinical evidences of overt cirrhosis. Subjects with hepatitis B surface antigen or anti-hepatitis C antibody were excluded. Genotypes of the three enzymes were determined by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with genomic DNAs extracted from peripheral leukocytes. RESULTS: 1) In healthy Korean males, allele frequency of ADH22, ADH31, CYP2E1 c2 and ALDH22 was 81%, 94%, 30% and 14%, respectively. 2) The absence of ALDH22 or CYP2E1 c2 allele were significant risk factors for being a heavy drinker (odds ratio,' 0.09, 0.42, respectively). 3) Although it was not associated with the polymorphism of each ethanol-metabolizing enzymes, the susceptibility to alcoholic liver cirrhosis was significantly associated with combined genotypes of ADH2(22) & ADH3(1+1)& CYP2E1 B or C. COMCLUSION: Genetic polymorphisms of ethanol-metabolizing enzyrnes are significantly associated with the suseptability to alcoholic liver disease as well as alcohol drinking behavior.
Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Alcoholics* ; Alcoholism ; Alleles ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; DNA ; Drinking ; Ethanol ; Fibrosis ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic* ; Liver Diseases ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic* ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Risk Factors

Neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma are derived from primordial neural crest cells and can be conceptualized as three different maturational manifestations of a common neoplasm. To assess the validity of immunohistochemistry and DNA Ploidy in the diagnosis of neuroblastic tumor in terms of prognostication, histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation with NB-84, neuron specific enolase(NSE) and S-100 protein and flow Cytometric DNA analysis were done on 21 neuroblastomas and 19 ganglioneuromas. Thirteen of 21 neuroblastomas were undifferentiated and 8 differentiating in type. Eleven of the 19 ganglioneuromas were mature in type and 8 had immature foci. Eighty one percent of neuroblastomas were positive for NB-84, 100% for NSE and 67% for S-100 protein, respectively. All ganglioneuromas were positive for NSE and S-100 protein, in contrast, only immature foci in ganglioneuroma were positive for NB-84. B-84 reacted positively with undifferentiated and differentiating neuroblasts including neuropil but not with mature ganglion cells. In contrast, NSE reacted positively with all components of neuroblastic tumor and S-100 protein mainly with cells of Schwannian differentiation. Three of eight(37.5%) differentiating neuroblastomas were strongly positive for NB-84 in contrast with seven of thirteen(53.8%) undifferentiated tumors, reflecting that undifferentiated cells tended to be positive for NB-84 in neuroblastoma. Twenty two percent of neuroblastoma showed diploidy and 78% aneuploidy including 11% of near-diploidy. Seven of eight(87.5%) differentiating neuroblastomas in contrast with seven of ten(70%) undifferentiated tumors showed aneuploidy. By contrast, 53% of ganglioneuroma showed diploidy and 47% aneuploidy with DNA index ranged from 1.12 to 1.19. Three of nine(33.3%) mature ganglioneuromas in contrast with five of eight(62.5%) ganglioneuromas with immature foci showed aneupolidy. Differentiating neuroblastoma tended to be aneuploid and ganglioneuroma with immature foci tended to be near-diploid. In conclusion, immunohistochemistry for NB-84, NSE and S-100 protein is useful for confirming neuronal, both neuronal and Schwannian, and Schwannian differentiation, respectively. Immunohistochemistry together with flow cytometric DNA analysis would be helpful to confirm the immature foci in ganglioneuroma.
Neuroblastoma

BACKGROUND: Antistreptolysin O (ASO) has been widely used to diagnose Streptococcus Pyogenes infections and their sequelae, rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis. Butt in some cases there is no elevation of ASO that it is necessary to add one or more tests detecting immune response to S. pyogenes.. The authors analyzed the distribution of antideoxyibonuclease (ADNase) B and antistreptolysin O (ASO) among the children of an elementary school in Seoul and calculated their upper limit of normal (ULN) value. METHODS: ADNase B concentrations were determined by nephelometry (Behring Nephelometer 100 Analyzer, Germany) on 236 sera of healthy elementary school children in Seoul. Throat cultures were taken at the same time to compare ADNase B lovels between S. pyogenes carriers and non-carriers. RESULTS: The distribution of ADNase B concentrations among school children ranged from 77 (detection limit) to 1616 IU/ml and the ULN was estimated to be 362 IU/mL. The carriers of S. pyogenes clad significantly higher ADNase B levels (mean 392 IU/ml) than carriers of non-group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (BHS, 236 IU/ml) oY non-carriers of BHS (234 IU/ml). The relationship between ADNase B (Y) and ASO (X) levels was Y=0.4X+173 (r2=0.209). CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of ADNase B levels showed no close correlation with that of ASO, and ADNase B test was considered to have additive value to ASO test for detecting S. pyogenes infection.
Antistreptolysin ; Child* ; Glomerulonephritis ; Humans ; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry ; Pharynx* ; Rheumatic Fever ; Seoul* ; Streptococcus pyogenes

It has been postulated that programmed cell death via apoptosis may be critical for remodelling of glomeruli after inflammatory injury. To understand the regulatory mechanism of apoptosis in experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN), we examined the MIB-1 score (proliferation index, PI) and apoptotic index during the progression of experimental CGN to end-stage renal failure. CGN was induced in New Zealand White rabbits by administration of guinea pig anti-GBM IgG after sensitization with guinea pig IgG and their kidneys were analyzed for the development of crescents through sequential renal biopsies. Serum creatinine levels progressively increased in a time course until day 45. The PI in glomeruli, tubular epithelial cells, and interstitium progressively increased during the progression of experimental CGN. The mean numbers of MIB-1 positive intraglomerular nuclei (PI) were significantly correlated with degrees of crescent formation and the numbers of apoptotic cells in the glomeruli, tubules, and interstitium. Significant apoptosis was present from day 1 (15.8 10.16 cells/glomerular cross section) and increased in number with the proliferative lesions as glomerular inflammation continued. Moreover, apoptosis increased during the resolution of the glomerular inflammation, and many apoptotic cells were present in the sclerotic lesions in day 17 (18.6 12.99 cells/glomerular cross section). As glomerular inflammation subsided, cellular crescents progressed to fibrous crescents with a reduction of cellularity by day 45. On day 45, the glomerular PI and the numbers of apoptotic cells were markedly decreased. The correlations found in CGN between the creatinine level and the percentage of crescents, between the percentage of crescent and PI, and between the PI and number of apoptotic cells support the hypothesis that there is a change in the glomerular and tubulo-interstitial apoptosis under pathologic conditions. These findings indicate that apoptosis plays an essential role in the resolution of intra- and extraglomerular inflammation and in the elimination of glomerular cells within the sclerotic regions for progressive CGN. The regulation of the apoptotic phenomenon and increased PI during CGN may be important in the progression of glomerular inflammation and the development of pathologic glomerular sclerosis.
Animals ; Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease ; Apoptosis* ; Biopsy ; Cell Death ; Creatinine ; Epithelial Cells ; Glomerulonephritis* ; Guinea Pigs ; Immunoglobulin G ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Inflammation ; Kidney ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Rabbits ; Sclerosis

No abstract available.
Ear* ; Pilomatrixoma*

HPV infection has been implicated strongly in the pathogenesis of human squamous cell carcinoma(SCC). We analysed a series of 28 surgically removed, invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus by polymerase chain reaction to detect HPV DNA using consensus primers and 8 type-specific primers of HPV (6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 51). HPV 6, 31, 35 or 51 DNA were detected in 20 out of 28 cases (71.4%) of the esophageal SCCs. HPV 51 was the most frequently detected type, occuring in 13 out of 28 cases (46.4%). p53 immunohistochemical staining was also performed to demonstrate any relationship to HPV DNA positivity. It showed positivity in 16 out of 28(57.1%) esophageal SCCs, and HPV DNA and p53 positivity were concurrently detected in 11 out of 28 cases of SCCs. There was no significant inverse relation between HPV DNA positivity and p53 expression(p>0.05). Our results supported HPV involvement in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and suggested there may be another pathway not related to the p53-binding pathway in the carcinogenesis of esophageal SCCs by HPV.
Humans

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Merkel Cell* ; Epidermal Cyst* ; Immunosuppression