Background: Anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental illnesses in primary care. It is associated with increased reliance on medical care, comorbidities, and poor quality of life. This study is intended to evaluate the relationship between scores on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale and adult health behavior based on the 2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2021). Methods: The study selected 5,191 Korean adults, who completed the survey and evaluation according to KNHANES 2021. To determine the effect of the GAD-7 scale on outpatient visits, underweight, obesity, smoking, drinking, and physical activity, a multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. Additionally, subgroup analysis was performed by dividing the sexes. Results: Among the study subjects, people in the mild, moderate, and severe anxiety groups numbered 560, 141, and 95, respectively. The odds ratio (OR) of the probability of outpatient visits within two weeks increased (mild: OR, 1.79; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.46–2.19; moderate: OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.16–2.74; severe: OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.09–2.85) compared to the normal group. The risk of smoking and drinking increased in the moderate group (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.24–3.58; OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.15–2.52). In the subgroup analysis, the probability of outpatient visits increased among both sexes, and the risk of smoking increased among females. Conclusion Among Korean adults, the probability of outpatient visits and the risk of smoking and drinking increased in the anxiety group compared to the normal group.

Background: Decreased handgrip strength (HGS) reflects overall muscle mass reduction, which can reduce respiratory muscle strength and impair lung function. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has also been reported to cause muscle catabolism and lung damage. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between HGS and lung function by exploring the effect modifiers, including OSA. Methods: Data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used in this study. A total of 3,207 adults aged >40 years were included. The association between HGS and lung function was determined using correlation analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using complex sample logistic regression analysis to determine the association between lung function (restrictive or obstructive pattern) according to HGS groups stratified by sex and OSA risk. Results: In total, 1,264 males and 1,479 females had normal HGS. In males, the low HGS group had lower forced vital capacity (FVC, L), FVC (%, predicted), forced exploratory volume in one second (FEV 1), FEV 1 (%, predicted), and FEV 1/FVC, than the normal HGS group. The risk of having restrictive pattern of lung function was higher in males with low HGS (adjusted OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.22–6.30). The association between low HGS and decreased lung function was stronger in males (P interaction of sex: 0.022 for obstructive pattern and 0.008 for restrictive pattern). However, there was no significant effect modification by OSA risk. Conclusion Males with a low HGS showed a higher risk of restrictive pattern of decreased pulmonary function.

Background: Anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental illnesses in primary care. It is associated with increased reliance on medical care, comorbidities, and poor quality of life. This study is intended to evaluate the relationship between scores on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale and adult health behavior based on the 2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2021). Methods: The study selected 5,191 Korean adults, who completed the survey and evaluation according to KNHANES 2021. To determine the effect of the GAD-7 scale on outpatient visits, underweight, obesity, smoking, drinking, and physical activity, a multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. Additionally, subgroup analysis was performed by dividing the sexes. Results: Among the study subjects, people in the mild, moderate, and severe anxiety groups numbered 560, 141, and 95, respectively. The odds ratio (OR) of the probability of outpatient visits within two weeks increased (mild: OR, 1.79; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.46–2.19; moderate: OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.16–2.74; severe: OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.09–2.85) compared to the normal group. The risk of smoking and drinking increased in the moderate group (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.24–3.58; OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.15–2.52). In the subgroup analysis, the probability of outpatient visits increased among both sexes, and the risk of smoking increased among females. Conclusion Among Korean adults, the probability of outpatient visits and the risk of smoking and drinking increased in the anxiety group compared to the normal group.

Background: Decreased handgrip strength (HGS) reflects overall muscle mass reduction, which can reduce respiratory muscle strength and impair lung function. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has also been reported to cause muscle catabolism and lung damage. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between HGS and lung function by exploring the effect modifiers, including OSA. Methods: Data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used in this study. A total of 3,207 adults aged >40 years were included. The association between HGS and lung function was determined using correlation analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using complex sample logistic regression analysis to determine the association between lung function (restrictive or obstructive pattern) according to HGS groups stratified by sex and OSA risk. Results: In total, 1,264 males and 1,479 females had normal HGS. In males, the low HGS group had lower forced vital capacity (FVC, L), FVC (%, predicted), forced exploratory volume in one second (FEV 1), FEV 1 (%, predicted), and FEV 1/FVC, than the normal HGS group. The risk of having restrictive pattern of lung function was higher in males with low HGS (adjusted OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.22–6.30). The association between low HGS and decreased lung function was stronger in males (P interaction of sex: 0.022 for obstructive pattern and 0.008 for restrictive pattern). However, there was no significant effect modification by OSA risk. Conclusion Males with a low HGS showed a higher risk of restrictive pattern of decreased pulmonary function.

Capsular contracture (CC) is a concerning issue for individuals undergoing postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) with implant-based breast reconstruction. This study investigated whether the extent of CC and implant migration differs based on implant placement and the reconstruction stage. Insertion plane and stage of breast implants were investigated, and the presence and severe cases of CC and implant migration were analyzed. Among 195 participants, 83 were in the pre-pectoral group, and 112 were in the sub-pectoral group. Two-staged surgery was performed on 116 patients, while 79 underwent direct-to-implant (DTI).Notably, The occurrence of CC (prepectoral, 17 [20.48%] and subpectoral, 42 [37.50%];p = 0.011), CC severity (prepectoral, 4 [4.82%] and subpectoral, 17 [15.17%]; p = 0.021), and implant upward migration (prepectoral, 15 [18.07%] and subpectoral, 38 [33.92%]; p = 0.014) significantly varied between the two groups. The incidence of CC was more common in the DTI group (odds ratio [OR], 2.283; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.164–4.478). Furthermore, subpectoral placement was an independent risk factor for occurrence (OR, 2.989; 95% CI, 1.476–6.054) and severity of CC (OR, 38.552; 95% CI, 1.855–801.186) and upward implant migration (OR, 2.531; 95% CI, 1.263–5.071). Our findings suggest that pre-pectoral reconstruction and the two-stage operation benefit patients who may undergo PMRT. These approaches can help reduce the incidence of CC and abnormal implant migration following radiation, leading to improved aesthetic outcomes and greater patient satisfaction.

Capsular contracture (CC) is a concerning issue for individuals undergoing postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) with implant-based breast reconstruction. This study investigated whether the extent of CC and implant migration differs based on implant placement and the reconstruction stage. Insertion plane and stage of breast implants were investigated, and the presence and severe cases of CC and implant migration were analyzed. Among 195 participants, 83 were in the pre-pectoral group, and 112 were in the sub-pectoral group. Two-staged surgery was performed on 116 patients, while 79 underwent direct-to-implant (DTI).Notably, The occurrence of CC (prepectoral, 17 [20.48%] and subpectoral, 42 [37.50%];p = 0.011), CC severity (prepectoral, 4 [4.82%] and subpectoral, 17 [15.17%]; p = 0.021), and implant upward migration (prepectoral, 15 [18.07%] and subpectoral, 38 [33.92%]; p = 0.014) significantly varied between the two groups. The incidence of CC was more common in the DTI group (odds ratio [OR], 2.283; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.164–4.478). Furthermore, subpectoral placement was an independent risk factor for occurrence (OR, 2.989; 95% CI, 1.476–6.054) and severity of CC (OR, 38.552; 95% CI, 1.855–801.186) and upward implant migration (OR, 2.531; 95% CI, 1.263–5.071). Our findings suggest that pre-pectoral reconstruction and the two-stage operation benefit patients who may undergo PMRT. These approaches can help reduce the incidence of CC and abnormal implant migration following radiation, leading to improved aesthetic outcomes and greater patient satisfaction.

Background: Anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental illnesses in primary care. It is associated with increased reliance on medical care, comorbidities, and poor quality of life. This study is intended to evaluate the relationship between scores on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale and adult health behavior based on the 2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2021). Methods: The study selected 5,191 Korean adults, who completed the survey and evaluation according to KNHANES 2021. To determine the effect of the GAD-7 scale on outpatient visits, underweight, obesity, smoking, drinking, and physical activity, a multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. Additionally, subgroup analysis was performed by dividing the sexes. Results: Among the study subjects, people in the mild, moderate, and severe anxiety groups numbered 560, 141, and 95, respectively. The odds ratio (OR) of the probability of outpatient visits within two weeks increased (mild: OR, 1.79; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.46–2.19; moderate: OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.16–2.74; severe: OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.09–2.85) compared to the normal group. The risk of smoking and drinking increased in the moderate group (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.24–3.58; OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.15–2.52). In the subgroup analysis, the probability of outpatient visits increased among both sexes, and the risk of smoking increased among females. Conclusion Among Korean adults, the probability of outpatient visits and the risk of smoking and drinking increased in the anxiety group compared to the normal group.

Background: Decreased handgrip strength (HGS) reflects overall muscle mass reduction, which can reduce respiratory muscle strength and impair lung function. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has also been reported to cause muscle catabolism and lung damage. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between HGS and lung function by exploring the effect modifiers, including OSA. Methods: Data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used in this study. A total of 3,207 adults aged >40 years were included. The association between HGS and lung function was determined using correlation analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using complex sample logistic regression analysis to determine the association between lung function (restrictive or obstructive pattern) according to HGS groups stratified by sex and OSA risk. Results: In total, 1,264 males and 1,479 females had normal HGS. In males, the low HGS group had lower forced vital capacity (FVC, L), FVC (%, predicted), forced exploratory volume in one second (FEV 1), FEV 1 (%, predicted), and FEV 1/FVC, than the normal HGS group. The risk of having restrictive pattern of lung function was higher in males with low HGS (adjusted OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.22–6.30). The association between low HGS and decreased lung function was stronger in males (P interaction of sex: 0.022 for obstructive pattern and 0.008 for restrictive pattern). However, there was no significant effect modification by OSA risk. Conclusion Males with a low HGS showed a higher risk of restrictive pattern of decreased pulmonary function.

Capsular contracture (CC) is a concerning issue for individuals undergoing postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) with implant-based breast reconstruction. This study investigated whether the extent of CC and implant migration differs based on implant placement and the reconstruction stage. Insertion plane and stage of breast implants were investigated, and the presence and severe cases of CC and implant migration were analyzed. Among 195 participants, 83 were in the pre-pectoral group, and 112 were in the sub-pectoral group. Two-staged surgery was performed on 116 patients, while 79 underwent direct-to-implant (DTI).Notably, The occurrence of CC (prepectoral, 17 [20.48%] and subpectoral, 42 [37.50%];p = 0.011), CC severity (prepectoral, 4 [4.82%] and subpectoral, 17 [15.17%]; p = 0.021), and implant upward migration (prepectoral, 15 [18.07%] and subpectoral, 38 [33.92%]; p = 0.014) significantly varied between the two groups. The incidence of CC was more common in the DTI group (odds ratio [OR], 2.283; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.164–4.478). Furthermore, subpectoral placement was an independent risk factor for occurrence (OR, 2.989; 95% CI, 1.476–6.054) and severity of CC (OR, 38.552; 95% CI, 1.855–801.186) and upward implant migration (OR, 2.531; 95% CI, 1.263–5.071). Our findings suggest that pre-pectoral reconstruction and the two-stage operation benefit patients who may undergo PMRT. These approaches can help reduce the incidence of CC and abnormal implant migration following radiation, leading to improved aesthetic outcomes and greater patient satisfaction.

Background: Anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental illnesses in primary care. It is associated with increased reliance on medical care, comorbidities, and poor quality of life. This study is intended to evaluate the relationship between scores on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale and adult health behavior based on the 2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2021). Methods: The study selected 5,191 Korean adults, who completed the survey and evaluation according to KNHANES 2021. To determine the effect of the GAD-7 scale on outpatient visits, underweight, obesity, smoking, drinking, and physical activity, a multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. Additionally, subgroup analysis was performed by dividing the sexes. Results: Among the study subjects, people in the mild, moderate, and severe anxiety groups numbered 560, 141, and 95, respectively. The odds ratio (OR) of the probability of outpatient visits within two weeks increased (mild: OR, 1.79; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.46–2.19; moderate: OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.16–2.74; severe: OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.09–2.85) compared to the normal group. The risk of smoking and drinking increased in the moderate group (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.24–3.58; OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.15–2.52). In the subgroup analysis, the probability of outpatient visits increased among both sexes, and the risk of smoking increased among females. Conclusion Among Korean adults, the probability of outpatient visits and the risk of smoking and drinking increased in the anxiety group compared to the normal group.