No abstract available.
Aneurysm, False* ; Embolization, Therapeutic* ; Hepatic Artery*

No abstract available.
Fibronectins* ; Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus*

BACKGROUND:Acute vestibular neuronitis is the disease of which the etiology and pathophysiology are largely unknown . But the viral infection and ischemia of the labyrinth and the vestibular nerve are considered as general etiology. This study was performed to support the viral infection rather than the ischemic theory. MATERIALS & METHODS:We studied seventy years old female patient who showed painful vesicles on left auricle and vertigo with spontaneous nystagmus to the right side. We performed physical examination, serologic test, ENG test, pure tone audiogram, brain magnetic resonance imaging and polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS:We found small vesicles and vascular injection in left EAC, herpes zoster IgG positive, spontaneous right beating in electronystagmograpy, 54% left canal paresis in Caloric test , decreasing left side Tc in velocity step rotatory test, decresed gain, deviation to left in symmetry and phase lead in sinusoidal harmonic acceleration test, normal range hearing in pure tone audiogram, microangiopathy on cortex in brain MRI and negative PCR. CONCLUSION:This case supports viral infection etiology rather than ischemia in vestibular neuritis. But more studies to find the etiology of vestibular neuronitis are required.
Acceleration ; Brain ; Caloric Tests ; Ear, Inner ; Female ; Hearing ; Herpes Zoster ; Herpes Zoster Oticus ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Ischemia ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Paresis ; Physical Examination ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reference Values ; Serologic Tests ; Vertigo ; Vestibular Nerve ; Vestibular Neuronitis

The introduction of beta-adrenergic blocking agents for the treatment of glaucoma was a major advance in the continued search for medications that effectively control the intraocular pressure with minimal side effect. Beta-adrenergic blocking agents block the aqueous pump of the ciliary epithelium resulting in decreased aqueous formation and drop in intraocular pressure. The fact that beta-adrenergic blocking agents had an affinity to intraocular tissues containing melanin granules has been reported. The purpose of this study is to know that mechanism of decrease of intraocular pressure and an affinity to melanin granules of the beta-adrenergic blocking agents. Two drops of 1% befunolol were instilled in the albino and pigmented rabbits, and the eyes were enucleated on 1, 2, 6 and 24 hours after instillation. These eyes were studied with electron microscopic examination. The results were as follows: 1. In the non-pigment epithelium of the ciliary body, mitochondria became swollen. 2. These changes appeared earlier and were more remarkable in albino rabbits than in pigmented ones. 3. In pigmented rabbits, these changes appeared slowly, but continued for longer duration and it seems to be due to affinity of beta-adrenergic blocking agents to the melanin pigment. 4. Swelling of mitochondria at the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body after instillation of beta-adrenergic blocking agents seems to be the pharmacological mechanism of the drugs against aqueous formation in the ciliary body.
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists ; Ciliary Body ; Epithelium* ; Glaucoma ; Intraocular Pressure ; Melanins ; Mitochondria ; Rabbits

No abstract available.
De Lange Syndrome*

Although febrile convulsion (FC) is a common clinical entity with a high recurrence rate, no specific factors have been identified to be highly predictive of its recurrence. A total of 114 cases of FC identified during a 28 month period (January, 1989-May, 1991) was analysed. A slight predominance of boys over girls (1.3 to 1.0) was observed. the majority of cases (89.4%) were under 3 years of age and the most common age range for the onset of FC was 1~2 years. The most common form of FC was tonic type (54.0%), followed by tonic-clonic (32.5%), clonic (5.3%), and complex partial type (5.3%). Most FC episodes lasted less than 5 minutes (81.6%), and common clinical diagnosis underlying FC were as follows: pharyngotonsillitis (64.0%), bronchitis and/or pneumonia(16.7%), and gastroenteritis (9.7%). The family history for seizure disorder was present in 27.2% of the cases: FC in 21.1%, epiepsy in 4.4%, and both in 1.8%. Among 78 cases of the first FC, 43 cases were followed for 5 to 29 months without prophylactic anticonvulsant therapy. The overall recurrence rate of FC in this group was 67.4% and the highest incidence was observed in patients less than one year old (86.7%). A higher recurrence rate (80%) was observed in patients whose body temperature was lower than 39degrees C, as opposed to higher than 39degrees C (50%). It is concluded that the recurrence of FC is positively correlated with factors such as younger age (less than one year old), and lower body temperature at the time of onset of FC.
Body Temperature ; Bronchitis ; Diagnosis ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Recurrence ; Seizures, Febrile*

BACKGROUND: Despite remarkable progress of understanding the pathophysiology and therapy of bronchial asthma, asthma morbidity and mortality are on the rise. Also hospitalization and attending rates of emergency department for asthma have been increasing gradually. We analyzed clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients who visited emergency room due to asthma attack in order to define clinical characteristics of these group of patients. METHOD: We reviewed 105 adult asthmatic patients who attended emergency department of Korea University Hospital between August 1995 and July 1996, retrospectively. RESULTS: 103 patients(56 female, 47 males, mean age : 48.6 years) attended-68 self referral, 18 practitioner referral and 17 OPD transfer- and 86 patients(83.5%) were admitted. Attending emergncy department was clearly more frequent in December(13.6%) and May(12.6%). Time lag between onset of asthmatic attack and arrival at the hospital was 14.2 15.5 hour and initial peak expiratory flow rate was 166.7 68.3L/min.(43.3% predicted) The commonest cause for visiting emergency room was aggravation of asthma due to upper respiratory tract infection in mild asthmatics. About half of them had history of previous ER visits. Their prognosis was not bad, but after discharge, about half of patients escaped from OPD follow-up. CONCLUSION: As a group they merit detailed attention and follow up arrangement. Clinician need to monitor and review the treatment plans, the medications, the patient's management technique, and the level of asthma control. For this group, plans for longer term treatment, including asthma education program and adjustment of overall treatment plan should be made.
Adult ; Asthma ; Education ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Mortality ; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ; Prognosis ; Referral and Consultation ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Retrospective Studies ; United Nations

No abstract available.
Plasmids* ; Shigella* ; Virulence Factors* ; Virulence*

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of cauterization on histopathology of sclera and corneal astigmatism. All rabbit eyes had corneal steepening in the vertical meridian after cauterization. The greatest astigmatism was noticed immediately after cauterized eyes and then was reduced gradually for a period of 2 months. Under light microscope, necrosis of collagen fibrils and inflammatory cells were found immediately after cauterization of the eyes. After 2 months, treated sclera was recovered to normal structure. Under electron microscope, tissue defect was found immediately after cauterization. At the 1st month, tissue defect was replaced by small collagen fibrils, however, these changes were much improved during a period of 2 months. This study suggest that gradual loss of corneal astigmatism following cauterization was correlated with the histopathologic healing process of cauterization. The author recommends usage of the lightest and briefest application of wet field bipolar cautery at the lowest power setting capable of achieving hemostasis for minimal astigmatism.
Astigmatism ; Cautery* ; Collagen ; Hemostasis ; Necrosis ; Rabbits* ; Sclera

BACKGROUND: Since the demonstration of the fact that vascular relaxation by acetylcholine(Ach) results from the release of relaxing factor from the endothelium, the identity and physiology of this endothelium-derived relaxing factor(EDRF) has been the target for many researches. EDRF has been identified as nitric oxide(NO). With the recent evidences that EDRF is an important mediator of vascular tone, there have been increasing interests in defining the role of the EDRF as a potential mediator of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. But the role of EDRF in modulating the pulmonary circulation is not compeletely clarified. To investigate the endotbelium-dependent pulmonary vasodilation and the role of EDRF during hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, we studied the effects of N(G)-monornethyl-L-arginine(L-NMMA) and L-arginine on the precontracted pulmonary arterial rings of the rat in normoxia and hypoxia. METHODS: The pulmonary arteries of male Sprague Dawley(300~350g) were dissected free of surrounding tissue, and cut into rings. Rings were mounted over fine rigid wires, in organ chambers filled with 20ml of Krebs solution bubbled with 95 percent oxygen and 5 percent carbon dioxide and maintained at 37℃. Changes in isometric tension were recorded with a force transducer(FT. 03 Grass, Quincy, USA). RESULTS: 1) Precontraction of rat pulmonry artery with intact endothelium by phenylephrine(PE, 10(-6)M) was relaxed completely by acetylcholine(Ach, 10(-9) -10(-5)M) and sodium nitroprusside (SN, 10(-9) -10(-5)M), but relaxing response by Ach in rat pulmonary artery with denuded endothelium was significantly decreased. 2) L-NMMA(10-4M) pretreatment inhibited Ach(10(-9) -10(-5)M)-induced relaxation, but L-NMMA(10-4M) had no effect on relaxation induced by SN(10(-9) -10(-5)M). 3) Pretreatment of the L-arginine(10(-4)M) significantly reversed the inhibition of the Ach(10(-9) -10(-5)M)-induced relaxation caused by L-NMMA(10(-4)M). 4) Pulmonary arterial contraction by PE(10(-6)M) was stronger in hypoxia than normoxia but relaxing response by Ach(10(-9) -10(-5)M) was decreased. 5) With pretreatment of L-arginine(10(-4)M), pulmonary arterial relaxation by Ach(10(-9) -10(-5)M) in hypoxia was reversed to the level of relaxation in normoxia. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that rat pulmonary arterial relaxation by Ach is dependent on the intact endothelium and is largely mediated by NO. Acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is related to the suppression on NO formation in the vascular endothelium.
Animals ; Anoxia ; Arginine ; Arteries ; Carbon Dioxide ; Endothelium ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Humans ; Male ; Nitric Oxide* ; Nitroprusside ; omega-N-Methylarginine ; Oxygen ; Physiology ; Poaceae ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Circulation ; Rats* ; Relaxation* ; Vasoconstriction* ; Vasodilation