No anstract available.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Spine*

The introduction of beta-adrenergic blocking agents for the treatment of glaucoma was a major advance in the continued search for medications that effectively control the intraocular pressure with minimal side effect. Beta-adrenergic blocking agents block the aqueous pump of the ciliary epithelium resulting in decreased aqueous formation and drop in intraocular pressure. The fact that beta-adrenergic blocking agents had an affinity to intraocular tissues containing melanin granules has been reported. The purpose of this study is to know that mechanism of decrease of intraocular pressure and an affinity to melanin granules of the beta-adrenergic blocking agents. Two drops of 1% befunolol were instilled in the albino and pigmented rabbits, and the eyes were enucleated on 1, 2, 6 and 24 hours after instillation. These eyes were studied with electron microscopic examination. The results were as follows: 1. In the non-pigment epithelium of the ciliary body, mitochondria became swollen. 2. These changes appeared earlier and were more remarkable in albino rabbits than in pigmented ones. 3. In pigmented rabbits, these changes appeared slowly, but continued for longer duration and it seems to be due to affinity of beta-adrenergic blocking agents to the melanin pigment. 4. Swelling of mitochondria at the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body after instillation of beta-adrenergic blocking agents seems to be the pharmacological mechanism of the drugs against aqueous formation in the ciliary body.
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists ; Ciliary Body ; Epithelium* ; Glaucoma ; Intraocular Pressure ; Melanins ; Mitochondria ; Rabbits

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast*

BACKGROUND: Induction of anesthesia with propofol commonly associated with reduction in systemic arterial pressure, especially in elderly and high risk patients. This reduction is influenced by the dose and rate of propofol injection. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different injection rate of propofol on vital signs, dose requirement and induction time during induction period. METHODS: Unpremedicated one hundred and twenty ASA physical status I and II patients aged 20~60 years scheduled for elective surgery were randomly allocated into one of four (150, 300, 600, 1200 ml/hr) groups according to speed of injection of propofol during induction period. Loss of verbal contact was taken as the end-point of induction. Vital signs, SpO2, dose requirement of propofol and induction time were checked. RESULTS: As the injection rate of propofol became slower, there were significant reduction in induction dose and increase in induction time (p<0.05). For example, induction dose and time were 1.82 mg/kg, 223 +/- 58 sec in 150 ml/hr group and 3.14 mg/kg, 50 +/- 11 sec in 1200 ml/hr group, respectively. Also, decrease in systolic and diastolic pressure were less marked at lower injection rates. CONCLUSIONS: Slower injection of propofol produces less vital sign changes and dose requirement for the induction of anesthesia.
Aged ; Anesthesia* ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Humans ; Propofol* ; Vital Signs*

Four hundred and fifty patients of cerebrovascular accident who underwent computerized tomographic scanning during the 45 months, from January 1978 to October 1981, at department of internal medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, were studied and following results were obtained. 1. In Korea, intracerebral hematoma(48.2%) is more common than cerebral infarction(27.6%). 2. 87.3% of intracerebral hemorrhage were comfirmed while 61.5% of cerebral infarction were identified by brain CT. 3. Cerebrovascular accidents are definitely developing in 6th decade(40.6%) and male is more often affected. 4. hypertension is the most common underlying disease(72.3%) of cerebral hemorrhage, 52.4% of cerebral infarction. 5. hematoma occurs most frequently in basal ganglia(40.6%) and cerebral infarction occurs most frequently in global area(48.4%). 6. Changes of consciousness level were observed in 54.2% of the cases of mild degree hematoma. Mortality was 6.2% in mild degree hematoma and 88.2% in severe degree hematoma. 7. In 26.2% of cerebral hematoma, inital CSF findings were normal in spite of the evidence of cerebral hematoma confirmed by CT scanning.
Brain* ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Cerebral Infarction ; Classification* ; Consciousness ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Internal Medicine ; Korea ; Male ; Mortality ; Stroke* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The authors have analysed 39 rheumatoid wrists in 25 rheumatoid patients, who underwent vsrious surgeries including arthroscopic and open synovectomy, partial and total arthrodesis and total wrist arthroplasty at the department of orthopaedic surgery, St. Mary's Hospital from November 1985 to April 1988, and the effect of eaeh surgery on the wrist function and proper time of operation are discussed. The results were as follows; 1. The patients who were classified as a classical rheumatoid arthritis according to the ARA criteria were four males and twenty-one females, with a mean age of 43 yesrs, and the functional capacity of the patients before operation was graded in III for twenty-threeand in IV for two patients. 2. Out of 25 patients (39 wrists), 14 patients are in bilateral and II patients in unilateral involvement. The synovectomy in 13 wrists, arthrodesis in 24 wrists and total joint replacement in 2 wrists were performed and followed them for average 17 months after operation. 3. The synovectomy were done for 13 wrists in grade II and III according to the classification of rheumstoid arthritis by radiology(3). There were two cases of recurrence in the cases of synovectomy, but not in replacement and arthrodesis. 4. The arthrodesis of wrist was performed for 24 wrists-bilateral arthrodesis in 3 patient (6 wrists) and unilateral fusion in 18 patients. For 4 cases out of 24 cases of wrist arthrodesis, the second and third carpo-metacsrpal joints were fused simultaneously. 5. Protek total wrist arthroplasty was done in 2 cases snd followed them for more than9 months with relatively good clinical results. Finally, it is our beliefs for rheumatoid wrists that surgery is often indicated to control the various wrist problems, early synovectomy is strongly indicated, and partial wrist fusion has proven to be effective in patients with moderate destruction, deformity and pain, but the total wrist arthrodesis and arthroplasty is still in controversy. The proper surgery for rheumatoid wrist should be determined by the clinical severity of disease and radiological changes of wrist.
Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Arthrodesis ; Arthroplasty ; Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Joints ; Male ; Recurrence ; Wrist

PURPOSE: To evaluate anatomic variations and pitfalls of the labral-capsular-ligamentous complex in the shoulder joint for the proper interpretation of magnetic reasonance arthrographic images. MATERIALS AND METHODS:To determine the presence of sublabral sulci, undercutting of the base of the glenoid labrum by the articular cartilage, and the proximity of the middle glenohumeral ligament to the anterior glenoid labrum, 56 MR arthrograms of 41 asymptomatic volunteers were prospectively evalvated for labral shape and capsular insertion. We also evaluated the axillary fold, which was often confused with a loose body. RESULTS: The anterior and posterior parts of the labra, varied but their shape showed several dominant features; triangular(72%, 36%, respectively), rounded(13%, 35%), cleaved(8%, 1%), notched(2%, 0%), flat(5%, 24%), and absent(0%, 4%). Anterior capsular insertion was type 1 in 82% of cases, type 2 in 13% and type 3 in 5%, whereas posterior insertion was type 1 in 62%, type 2 in 36% and type 3 in 2%. We could also detect many pitfalls, such as undercutting of the base of theglenoid labrum by the articular cartilage(29%), sublabral sulci(25%), a prominent axillary fold(38%), and the middle glenohumeral ligament in proximity to the anterior labrum(5%). CONCLUSION: Our study revealed wide variability in the MR arthrographic appearance of the labral-capsular-ligamentous complex in asymptomatic shoulders. A good understanding of normal variation and pitfalls of the normal shoulder may be helpful pathologic condition in case of glenouhumeral instability.
Arthrography* ; Cartilage, Articular ; Ligaments ; Prospective Studies ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Joint ; Volunteers

Highly specific and sensitive immunoassay method for soluble human recombinant interleukin-6 (hu rlL-6) was established by two different immunization methods. One is conventional method by Freund's adjuvant method and the other is special method which is directly injected to mouse spleen. Among seven established monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), two typical monoclonal antibodies, designated YB3 (IgG1) and NY2 (IgM), were further characterized. These mAbs highly bound to IL-6, however did not show cross reactivity with IL-1B and IL-2. As the results of ELISA inhibition assay and western blotting method, it was further identified that YB3 and NY2 had high binding specificity with IL-6. And the limiting detection amount of rlL-6 for YB3 was 5 ng/ml and for NY2 was 0.5 ng/ml. Furthermore, N-glycosylated human rlL-6 was also bound to YB3 on ELISA. On the other hand YB-3 furtherly recognized N-glycosylated human rlL-6 by sandwich ELISA method. These mAbs may be of use to diagnose the gynecopathy which contains abortion and preterm labor.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal* ; Blotting, Western ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Hand ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunoassay ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-6 ; Mice ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Pregnancy ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spleen

Generally accepted mechanisms of involutional entropion are as follows: 1. dysfunction of the inferior eyelid retractors, 2. migration of the preseptal orbicularis fibers upward, 3. reduced support of the lower lid against glove due to enophthalmos, 4. reduced horizontal support because of involutional changes in the lateral and medical canthal tendons. Sanford D. Hecht reported that the above four problems could be corrected simply and successfully by a full thickness excision of Bowlegs shape(Pentagon-shape). Five eyelids of involutional entropion were treated by the Boelegs procedure. The results were successful.
Enophthalmos ; Entropion* ; Eyelids ; Tendons

Generally accepted mechanisms of involutional entropion are as follows: 1. dysfunction of the inferior eyelid retractors, 2. migration of the preseptal orbicularis fibers upward, 3. reduced support of the lower lid against glove due to enophthalmos, 4. reduced horizontal support because of involutional changes in the lateral and medical canthal tendons. Sanford D. Hecht reported that the above four problems could be corrected simply and successfully by a full thickness excision of Bowlegs shape(Pentagon-shape). Five eyelids of involutional entropion were treated by the Boelegs procedure. The results were successful.
Enophthalmos ; Entropion* ; Eyelids ; Tendons