The purpose of this study was to assess how job stiess affects the nursing performance of emergerncy room nurses. Data were collected from 210 emergency room nurses at 20 general hospitals, with more than 200 beds, in Pusan, Taegu and Kungbuk province, between October 5 and October 15, 1998. The instruments used for this study were the job stress scale which was developed by Mae Ja, Kim and Mi Ok, Gu(1984), and nursing performance of nurses scale developed by Kwi Ae, Chung(1989). Data Analysis was done using t-test, ANOVA, Tukey test, and Pearson Correlation. The results were as follows : 1. The highest rank of job stress items, emergency room nursing were as follows with lessening order when physicians delegate their clinical responsibilities to nurses(M=3.12+/-0.69). The most stressed factor among the nursing works was reported as night duty(M =2.99+/-0.87). 2. The mean score of nursing performance items, to prevent patient from falling or other injury(M = 3.69+/-0.50). 3. Our study reveals that there was statistically significant negative correlation relationship between stress level and emergency room nursing performance(r= -0.14, p=0.0454), in other words, the more stress the nurses experienced, the weaker their nursing performance became. Two factors, heavy work load(r=0.30, p=0.0001), and poor compensation(r =0.15, p =0.031). were negativly related to nursing performance. 4. The study revealed that the group with monthly income experienced less stress(F=2.71, p= 0.0461). Also, the degree of stress was significantly lower in the group with work experience (F=3.01, p=0.0313). Stress varied according to position superintendent nurse showed a lower level of stress than lay nurses and change nurses (F=2.93, p=0.0349). 5. There was significant difference in the degree of nursing perfnrm~nre according to religion (F= 3.97, p=0.0088). In conclusion, there was statistically significant negative correlations between job stress and nursing performance, so there is need for special consideration in nursing administration in terms of reducing the job stress in emergency nursing. Suggestions based on this study as follows. 1. Further study is necessary to examine variables that influence job stress and nursing performance. 2. The expem~ntaI study is needed for an effectiveness of systerrntic and in-lividual effort in order to reduce or manage nurses'stress in the emergency room.
Busan ; Daegu ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Nursing ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Statistics as Topic

Persistent trigeminal artery is an embryonic remnant of the anastomotic channel linking the internal carotid artery and the basilar artery. Cases of vertebrobasilar insufficiency caused by the persistent trigeminal artery with internal carotid artery stenosis has been described previously, but vertebrobasilar insufficiency entirely due to in situ stenosis of the persistent trigeminal artery has not been reported. A 71-year-old man presented with frequent dizzy episodes. The brain MRI showed no parenchymal lesions. MR angiography showed poor visualization of vertebrobasilar system. He was diagnosed as having vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Cerebral angiography revealed that there was complete occlusion at the vertebrobasilar junction, and the basilar artery was supplied by the persistent trigeminal artery which had severe stenosis at its origin. There was no stenosis of the internal carotid artery of both sides. We believe that this is the first report of vertebrobasilar insufficiency due to stenosed persistent trigeminal artery, without internal carotid artery stenosis.

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to: (a) develop a comprehensive communication course combined with a group program for improving communication skills; and (b) examine the effects of the comprehensive communication course on interpersonal communication, relationship change, self-esteem, and depression in nursing students. METHOD: The experimental group consisted of 82 nursing students, and the control group, 108 nursing students. Both groups each took communication courses from March to June, 2002 and 2003. A group program for improving communication skills was conducted for each 8 subgroups of the experimental group for 90 minutes once a week during the 6 weeks, while the existing communication lecture was conducted for the control group. Both groups were post-tested after the intervention for verifying the difference of variables between the two groups, and the experimental group was also pre-tested for verifying the difference between before and after the treatment. RESULT & CONCLUSION: Interpersonal communication score of the post-test in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group and the depression score of the post-test in the experimental group was significantly lower than in the control group. Interpersonal communication, relationship change and self-esteem scores were significantly increased and the depression score was significantly decreased in experimental group after the treatment. In conclusion, the comprehensive communication course that was developed in this study had positive effects on communication skills in nursing students.
Adolescent ; Adult ; *Communication ; *Education, Nursing ; Female ; Humans ; *Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Nurse-Patient Relations

No abstract available.
Parturition* ; Vital Statistics*

A 49-year-old woman with anemia who developed headache and seizure after blood transfusion was diagnosed with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Magnetic resonance imaging showed typical PRES findings including lesions in bilateral parieto-occipital subcortical white matter and overlying cortex. Only a few cases of PRES after transfusion have been reported and this case is unique in that there was a latent period between infusion and development of PRES. We postulate that rapid change of hemoglobin level may disrupt cerebral autoregulation and result in delayed PRES. We suggest that neurological symptoms after blood transfusion should be appropriately investigated.

No abstract available.
Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis*

No abstract available.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli*

No Abstract Available.
Clone Cells* ; Cloning, Organism* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium*

PURPOSE: To evaluate anatomic variations and pitfalls of the labral-capsular-ligamentous complex in the shoulder joint for the proper interpretation of magnetic reasonance arthrographic images. MATERIALS AND METHODS:To determine the presence of sublabral sulci, undercutting of the base of the glenoid labrum by the articular cartilage, and the proximity of the middle glenohumeral ligament to the anterior glenoid labrum, 56 MR arthrograms of 41 asymptomatic volunteers were prospectively evalvated for labral shape and capsular insertion. We also evaluated the axillary fold, which was often confused with a loose body. RESULTS: The anterior and posterior parts of the labra, varied but their shape showed several dominant features; triangular(72%, 36%, respectively), rounded(13%, 35%), cleaved(8%, 1%), notched(2%, 0%), flat(5%, 24%), and absent(0%, 4%). Anterior capsular insertion was type 1 in 82% of cases, type 2 in 13% and type 3 in 5%, whereas posterior insertion was type 1 in 62%, type 2 in 36% and type 3 in 2%. We could also detect many pitfalls, such as undercutting of the base of theglenoid labrum by the articular cartilage(29%), sublabral sulci(25%), a prominent axillary fold(38%), and the middle glenohumeral ligament in proximity to the anterior labrum(5%). CONCLUSION: Our study revealed wide variability in the MR arthrographic appearance of the labral-capsular-ligamentous complex in asymptomatic shoulders. A good understanding of normal variation and pitfalls of the normal shoulder may be helpful pathologic condition in case of glenouhumeral instability.
Arthrography* ; Cartilage, Articular ; Ligaments ; Prospective Studies ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Joint ; Volunteers

Some of the proteins of mycobacteria are preferentially associated with the cell wall and are powerful immunogens, and humoral antibody responses to these mycobacterial antigens may occur in patients with tuberculosis. In this study, Triton X-100 solubilized protein (TSP) antigen was isolated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv by overnight shaking with 1% Triton X- 100/PMSF and 10-90% ammonium sulfate precipitation. IgG and IgM antibody levels against TSP, crude protein from the unheated cultrue filtrate (CF#) and 30 kDa antigens were determined in the sera of 80 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 99 healthy controls with PPD (+) and (-). High IgG reactivity to TSP and CF antigen was observed in tuberculosis patients. Mean IgG antibody titers against all of three mycobacterial antigens were differed significantly (P<0.01) between patients and controls but IgM showed no difference. By the cut-off value adding 2 standard deviation to the mean absorbance of controls, the sensitivity and specificity of the IgG antibody to TSP antigen were 93.9% and 77.5%. The specificity to TSP antigen was a litttle higher than those obtained by CF and 30 kDa antigen. From the above results, the TSP antigen may be useful for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis.
Ammonium Sulfate ; Antibody Formation ; Cell Wall ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Neptune* ; Octoxynol* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Serologic Tests ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*