The authors studied Psychoticism, using SCL-90, in the subjects of 3,893 male college students and 1,976 female college students of Yeung Nam University, collecting data during the periods from October to November, 1984. The results could be summarized as follows: 1. There was significant difference in the mean averages of total psychoticism scores between male and female students; male students scored 6.81±5.13 female students scored 8.14±5.05. 2. Eighty eight male students (2.4%) showed seriously high psychoticism scores of 20 or higher, while 63 female students (3.2%) showed the same scores. 3. In a comparison between male students in different school grades, freshmen showed the highest level of psychoticism scores, and as the grades of students became higher, the levels of psychoticism scores were lower. 4. Among the psychoticism factors, there were strong tendencies toward higher psychoticism scores in the students who were dissatisfied with their college, and had pessimistic views of self-image in the past, present or future, in both groups. 5. The male students whose educational fees were paid by their parents, and whose spending money per month was under 10,000 won, showed higher level of psychoticism scores. 6. The female students whose maturation locations were city, who were dissatisfied with their departments, who resided in dormitory of other residencies, and whose educational fees were paid by their brothers or sisters, showed higher level of psychoticism scores. 7. The items relating to 5 (Feeling lonely with people) 9 (Never feeling close to another) 10 (Idea something writh mind) in psychoticism and the item of depressed affect in SDS were significantly correlated over 0.40 of correlation coefficient.
Fees and Charges ; Female ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Male ; Parents ; Siblings

PURPOSE: To evaluate surface configuration of intervertebral disc on three dimensional CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three dimensional surface images reconstructed from CTscans(1 mm thick) of 20discs in 14 healthy adults were reviewed. Disc surface was classified into peripheral and central zones in contact with consecutive peripheral ring and central endplate. Local irregularity incidence, pattern in radial, concentric, or mixed form, size, location, and extension were observed. Incidence and severity ranges in 4 grades of general irregularity, and peripheral width relative to central radius were evaluated. RESULTS: Normal disc mostly showed smooth surface with few display of small local irregularity(6/20) which was mainly radial in pattern(4/5), posterolaterally located(4/6), and confined within peripheral zone(5/6). General irregularity displayed(5/20) was all grade I and peripheral width was 0.82 of central radius. CONCLUSION: Normal disc shows smooth surface but few may display small local irregularity maybe due to very early degenerative change.
Adult ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intervertebral Disc* ; Radius

BACKGROUNDS: Percutaneous radiofrequency neurotomy of posterior primary ramus has been in use as a treatment for persistent, mechanical low back pain for two decades. However, there has been limited studies regarding to prognostic factors related to outcome. We report our experience with at least 2-year follow up with special aftention on prognostic factors. METHODS: Of total 228 patients who underwent percutaneous radiofrequency neurotomy (PRN) of posterior primary ramus for refractory low back pain during last 3 years, 128 patients whose pain was considered to be originated from facets joints or their surrounding soft tissue and responded to temporary blocks were assigned to a group II. All patients had more than 6 months of pain. These patients were compared with 100 patients to whom PRN were provided for chronic nonspecific low back pain without all inclusion criteria (Group I). RF procedures were done under local anesthesia with C-arm intensifier guidance. Pain reliefs were estimated at 1week, 1month, 6months and 2 years using visual analog scale(VAS). For patients with more that 50% reduction of previous pain was regarded as positive responder. Various clinical variables such as age, sex, symptom duration, types of pain, bilaterality, and previous surgery were studied for prognostic factors. RESULTS: Positive responders were 56% at 1week, 46% at lmonth, 18% at 6months, and 13% at 2years after PRN in group I, and 78.9% at lweek, 75.4% at lmonth, 62.5% at 6months, and 54.7% at 2years in group II. Some variables were found to be significantly related to outcome including prominent local tenderness, percussion tenderness, combination of symptoms with pain on gefting up, extension, transitional movement, pain radiating to buttock and/or posterior thigh, and good immediate response. Age, sex, symptom duration, bilaterality, imaging study results, previous lumbar surgery, and degrees of pain relief from diagnostic block were not related to outcome. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that PRN of posterior primary ramus has a moderate overall long-term beneficial effect, with no morbidity in our series. But, the long-term good results will be anticipated only in properly selected patients with low back pain originating from facet joints and surrounding structures.
Anesthesia, Local ; Buttocks ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joints ; Low Back Pain* ; Percussion ; Thigh ; Zygapophyseal Joint

PURPOSE: To develop an efficient journal searching program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A graphic user interface oriented program was developed with Microsofts Access 2.0 and its Deveolper Tool Kit under the Windows system. The program needed four floppy diskettes {4.5 megabyte) for in stallment. With the author, title, journal name, volume and pages, index words, and abstracts from JKRS and JKSMU as the input data, the utility of the program was tested for its journal searching ability in 486 DX II with 8 megabyte main memory. RESULT: The author, titlie, index word, abstract, and variable queries were carried out from 3,200 articles within 13 seconds. The test of the program satisfied and useres, radiologists, and physicians. CONCLUSION: The program is recommended for seaching of journals as it is very eary to use and userfriendly.
Abstracting and Indexing as Topic* ; Humans ; Memory ; Microcomputers*

In the intestinal perforation during hydrostatic reduction for intussusception, the diluted isotonic Gastrografin may prevent body fluid shifting to peritoneal space, and granulomatous reaction resulting in intestinal obstruction, which can be induced by Barium on the peritoneal surface. We have experienced two perforations from 563 Gastrografin reductions during the last five years. One of the perforated cases had no complication on one year follow up after ileocecectomy, but the other, who was in the state of shock before the reduction, died at 133rd day after the operation. The cause of death was aspiration during the feeding. We report the above two cases of intestinal perforation by Gastrografin reduction without evidence of fatal complication.
Barium ; Body Fluids ; Cause of Death ; Child* ; Colon* ; Diatrizoate Meglumine* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Intestinal Perforation ; Intussusception* ; Shock

PURPOSE: The chemoembolization with Lipiodol and doxorubicin hydrochloride is used in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. What condition is the ideal emulsion of Lipiodol and doxorubicin for excellent anticancer effect? METHOD AND MATERIALS: Microscopic evaluation was performed on the emulsions, which were varied with different specific gravities of doxorubicin solutions, degrees in mixing of the emulsion, and amount of Lipiodol. RESULT: 1. Maximal amount of doxorubicin solution was contained in Lipiodol droplets and the release of doxorubicin from the droplets were delayed, when specific gravity of doxorubicin was equal to that of Lipiodol (SG, 1.28). 2. The optimal therapertic ratio of Lipiodol and doxorubicin was 3:2 at least, as in the emulsion less than 3:2, unmixed free forms of doxorubicin solution were increased. 3. The emulsion mixed by pumping 50--100 times had smaller Lipiodol droplets and contained larger amount of doxorubicin solution in the droplets than by pumping 20 times. CONCLUSION: We recommend the emulsion with specific gravity of doxorubicin equal to Lipiodol (SG. 1.28), the ratio of Lipiodol and doxorubicin closo to 3:2, and the mixture prepased with puming 50--100 times.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Doxorubicin ; Emulsions ; Ethiodized Oil ; Humans ; Specific Gravity

PURPOSE: It is known that cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression is increased in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinomas. We studied COX-2 expression and the effect sulindac has on the genesis of Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinoma in rats undergoing esophagogastroduodenal anastomosis (EGDA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-one rats were divided into a control group (n=27), a 500ppm sulindac-treated group (n=15) and 1000 ppm sulindac-treated group (n=9). Randomly selected rats were killed by diethyl ether inhalation at 20 and 40 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: At 40 weeks, rats treated with 1000 ppm sulindac showed narrower esophageal diameter and milder inflammation than the control rats. At 40 weeks, the incidence of Barrett's esophagus was similar between control and sulindac-treated groups, but the incidence of adenocarcinoma was significantly lower in the 1000ppm sulindac-treated group than either the control or 500 ppm sulindac-treated groups. COX-2 was significantly increased in the lower esophagus of control rats killed at 40 weeks. Cyclin D1 expression was negligible in the sulindac- treated group compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the chemopreventive effect of sulindac is related to decreased COX-2 and cyclin D1 expression, which may be influenced by reduced inflammation.
Adenocarcinoma/etiology/metabolism/*prevention & control ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Barrett Esophagus/etiology/metabolism/prevention & control ; Blotting, Western ; Cyclin D1/metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism ; Duodenogastric Reflux/*complications ; Esophageal Neoplasms/etiology/metabolism/*prevention & control ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sulindac/*therapeutic use

Etomidate and midazolam are newly developed and used in clinical trials. Etmoidate, a carboxylated imidazole derivative, decreases systemic vascular resistance and increases the pulmonary artery pressure in vivo. Midazolam, a water soluble derivative of benzodiazepine, decreases pulmonary artery pressure and is useful for pulmonary hypertensive patients. This study was designed to investigate the direet effects of etomidate and midazolam on vascular tension of the rabbit abdominal aorta and the pulmonary artery in vitro. In the vascular preparations with or without endothelium, changes in tension were measured following cumulative administration of etomidate (10(-6)M, 10(-5) M, 5X10(-4) M) and midazolam (10(-6)M, 10(-5)M, 10(-4)M). Vascular effects of these drugs were also studied in the preparations pretreated with indomethacin, nitro(w)-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and methylene blue. The results wer as follows; 1) Etomidate and midazolam induced vasorelaxation and the degree of relaxation depended on the concentration. 2) After denudation of the endothelium, vasorelaxant effect of etomidate and midazolam was efficiently decreased in abdominal aorta but not in pulmonary artery. 3) Indomethacin reduced vasorelaxing effect of etomidate efficiently, but didn't affect vasorelaxing effect of midazolam. 4) Following pretreatment of vascular preparations respectively with L-NAME and methylene blue, the relaxing responses to etomidate (10(-5) and 5X10(-5) M) of both abdominal aorta and pulmonary artery were depressed. Also, depressed was the relaxing response of abdominal aorta to midazolam (10(-5) M). The results of present study suggest that etomidate and midazolam possess vasorelaxing effects in both rabbit aMominal aorta and pulmonary artery. The vascular effect of etomidate is mediated via the nitric oxide pathway and also in part, by PGI2, whereas part of the vascular effect of midazolam is associated with the nitric oxide pathway.
Aorta ; Aorta, Abdominal* ; Benzodiazepines ; Endothelium ; Epoprostenol ; Etomidate* ; Humans ; Indomethacin ; Methylene Blue ; Midazolam* ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Nitric Oxide ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Relaxation ; Vascular Resistance ; Vasodilation

Etomidate and midazolam are newly developed and used in clinical trials. Etmoidate, a carboxylated imidazole derivative, decreases systemic vascular resistance and increases the pulmonary artery pressure in vivo. Midazolam, a water soluble derivative of benzodiazepine, decreases pulmonary artery pressure and is useful for pulmonary hypertensive patients. This study was designed to investigate the direet effects of etomidate and midazolam on vascular tension of the rabbit abdominal aorta and the pulmonary artery in vitro. In the vascular preparations with or without endothelium, changes in tension were measured following cumulative administration of etomidate (10(-6)M, 10(-5) M, 5X10(-4) M) and midazolam (10(-6)M, 10(-5)M, 10(-4)M). Vascular effects of these drugs were also studied in the preparations pretreated with indomethacin, nitro(w)-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and methylene blue. The results wer as follows; 1) Etomidate and midazolam induced vasorelaxation and the degree of relaxation depended on the concentration. 2) After denudation of the endothelium, vasorelaxant effect of etomidate and midazolam was efficiently decreased in abdominal aorta but not in pulmonary artery. 3) Indomethacin reduced vasorelaxing effect of etomidate efficiently, but didn't affect vasorelaxing effect of midazolam. 4) Following pretreatment of vascular preparations respectively with L-NAME and methylene blue, the relaxing responses to etomidate (10(-5) and 5X10(-5) M) of both abdominal aorta and pulmonary artery were depressed. Also, depressed was the relaxing response of abdominal aorta to midazolam (10(-5) M). The results of present study suggest that etomidate and midazolam possess vasorelaxing effects in both rabbit aMominal aorta and pulmonary artery. The vascular effect of etomidate is mediated via the nitric oxide pathway and also in part, by PGI2, whereas part of the vascular effect of midazolam is associated with the nitric oxide pathway.
Aorta ; Aorta, Abdominal* ; Benzodiazepines ; Endothelium ; Epoprostenol ; Etomidate* ; Humans ; Indomethacin ; Methylene Blue ; Midazolam* ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Nitric Oxide ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Relaxation ; Vascular Resistance ; Vasodilation

We report a patient with an unusual manifestation of Trichophyton violaceum infection, who lives in Seoul. An 8-year-old male presented an erythematous nodule on the lower eyelid of the left eye which had persisted for 10 weeks. On physical examination, there was no abnormality except a skin lesion on the eyelid. The skin biopsy of the nodule showed epidermal hyperplasia and granulomatous change in the upper dermis. The biopsy specimen yielded Trichophyton uiolaceum on culture. The skin lesion disappeared 2 months after administration of ketoconazole.
Biopsy ; Child ; Dermis ; Eyelids ; Granuloma* ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Ketoconazole ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Seoul ; Skin ; Trichophyton*