This study was carried out to develop a Korean language version of Zung's self-rating depression scale (SDS). The subjects consisted of 173 males and 161 females drawn from various groups of the general population by a cluster of sampling methods. In order to analyze the data on depression scores, Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient method was carried .out, as well as reliability and factor analysis, by the SPSS/PC+ program. The results obtained were as follows: The mean average of the total depression scores were 40.60. 8.66 for the subjects. Thirty-seven subjects (11.1%) showed high depression scores of 50 or over. Test-retest reliability(coefficient r=0.82, p <0.001), internal consistency(coefficient r=0.84, p <0.001) were satisfactory. Factor analysis using oblique technique rotation yielded five factors. The items of confusion, indecisiveness, decreased libido, diurnal variation, and psychomotor retardation were scored higher by the subjects. The items of suicidal rumination, psychomotor agitation, constipation, irritability, and weight loss were scored lower.
Constipation ; Depression* ; Female ; Humans ; Libido ; Male ; Psychomotor Agitation ; Weight Loss

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of personality dimensions of schizophrenics. Subjects in this study were 71 chronic schizophrenics, 59 acute schizophrenics. and 87 normal persons. All subjects was asked to respond to EPQ(Korean Version Eysenck Personality Questionnaire). Collected data were analyzed by using the statistical techniques of discriminant function analysis, t-test and one-way -variable analysis. The results were as follows : Acute and chronic schizophrenics were higher than normal persons on psychoticism score. However, there was no significant difference between chronic and acute schizophrenics on the psychoticism score. Discriminant analysis was adopted to identify the scales in EPQ that were most effective in discriminating between normals and schizophrenics. Psychoticism of EPQ function was the most effective variable that discriminates between the normals and the schizophrenics.
Humans ; Schizophrenia ; Weights and Measures

The purpose of this study was to investigate the trait cortical arousal level, measured by extraversion-introversion, in schizophrenics. Subjects in this study were 231 (chronic schizophrenics= 78, acute schizophrenics= 62, and normal persons= 91). All subjects were asked to respond to extraversion-introversion subtest scale in the korean EPQ(Korean Version Eysenck Personality Questionnaire). Collected data were analyzed by using the. t-test and one-way analysis of variance. Results were as follows: 1) Trait cortical arousal level of chronic schizophrenics, which was measured by extraversion-introversion subtest scale in the Korean EPQ, was statistically higher than that. of. acute schizophrenics and normals. 2) Acute schizophrenics and normals were not significantly different in the trait cortical arousal level. However, the trait cortical arousal level of chronic schizophrenics was higher than that of acute schizophrenics. Therefore, it may state that the trait cortical arousal level of schizophrenics is getting higher when schizophrenic symptoms become more chronic.
Arousal

This study was to find out whether there were differences in the levels of depressions between positive and negative schizophrenics. This research was derived from the fact that negative schizophrenics show higher levels of depression than positive schizophrenics. This study also examined the levels of psychomotor dysfunction in positive and negative schizophrenics. For this study, there were 453 subjects. They consisted of 119 positive schizophrenics, 122 negative schizophrenics and 212 normal people. They were asked to complete Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) and to perform one subtest, Digit Symbol of KWIS(Korean Wechsler Intelligence SCALE). Subjects levels of depression were measured by the SDS. The level of psychomotor dysfunction was measured by Digit Symbol subtest of Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale. ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparison analysis were used to examine whether there were differences of depression and psychomotor dysfunction among the normal people, positive and negative schizophrenics. The results were as follows ; It was found that the depression level was higher in the negative schizophrenic patients than positive schizophrenic patients. Levels of depression were significantly higher in negative schizophrenics than positive schizophrenics. Psychomotor retardation symptom was the most effective variable that discriminates between the normals and the schizophrenics. And it would be concluded that the psychomotor dysfunction was more severe in negative schizophrenics than positive schizophrenics.
Depression* ; Humans ; Intelligence

The purpose of this article was to determine the discriminant function analysis of the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale (KWIS) for 110 normal controls and 98 schizophrenics. Of special interest was to verify the clinical discriminant power of two subtests of the KWIS (Vocabulary and Digit Symbols) and Zung's Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Four major hypotheses were postulated. The normal control group would show higher scores then the schizophrenics; mean scores on both Vocabulary and Digit Symbol. The mean difference in Digit Symbol between the two groups would be greater than that in the Vocabulary. There would be no significant relation among Digit Symbol, Vocabulary, and Anxiety. The most powerful discriminant power would be expected from subtest of Digit Symbol. The mean discriminant scores were 1.34425 for the control subjects, 1.34425 for the schizophrenics. The correctly discriminated percentage was 89.1% for the control subjects, 90.8% for the schizophrenics. From the findings it was concluded that both Digit Symbol and Vocabulary scales had strong diagnostic value but the former was more powerful than the latter. However, the Anxiety scales had less diagnostic value.
Anxiety ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Vocabulary ; Weights and Measures

The authors studied anxiety, using Zung's self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), in the subjects of 127 male and 38 female patients with anxiety disorder. The authors investigated 165 patients in Yeungnam university hospital from January, 1987 to June, 1991. In order to analyze the data on anxiety scores Pearson's product moment coefficient correlation method and factor analysis were carried out by SPSS/PC+ program. The results were as follows: There was significant difference in the mean averages of total anxiety scores among patients with anxiety disorder and male and female college freshmen: patients with anxiety disorder scored 42.40±7.74, male students scored 32.91±5.70, female students scored 34.48±6.00. The anxiety scores relating to the items of body aches & pains, fatigue, anxiousness, panic and urinary frequency were relatively high in patients with anxiety disorder. The anxiety scores on the items of restlessness, apprehension, dyspnea, sweating, and insomnia were relatively low in patients with anxiety disorder. Twenty-nine anxiety disorder group (17.5%) showed significantly high anxiety scores of 50 or over. The inter-rater reliability of Zung's self-rating anxiety scale was 0.71.
Anxiety Disorders* ; Anxiety* ; Dyspnea ; Fatigue ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Panic ; Psychomotor Agitation ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Sweat ; Sweating

Clear cell hidradenoma is a much less common primary cutaneous tumor originated from sweat gland. Clinically this tumor occurs more frequently in female than in male and in patients of any age although there is a predilection for the middle and older age groups. The lesion is solitary and represents a cutaneous nodular and cystic mass of slow expansible growth. By light microscopy the lesion has been characterized as a solid cataneous tumor composed of clear epithelial cells which are focally arranged in glandular and cystic patterns. We observed a 37-year-old housewife who had suffered from a tumor on her back for 3 years. The tumor was a pedunculated, soft, fixed mass and 3. 5 * 3 * 1. 5 cm in size. Histopathologic finding showed the tumor to be composed of two main types of cells, fusiform and clear cells.
Acrospiroma* ; Adult ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy ; Sweat Glands

No abstract available.
Schizophrenia*

No abstract available.
Evidence-Based Practice* ; Humans

An immunoperoxdase technique in electron microscopy was used to investigate the ultrastructural site of keratinolytic proteinase (KPase) of M crosporum cans in sections of skin from guinea pigs infected with the same organism. Ultrastructurally, the KPase was present only in the cell walls of the invading dermatophytes as a continuous deposition of the electron-dense reaction product on the inner and outer aspects of the cell wall of the fungal hyphae without deposition in the keratin surrounding the invading hyphae. Our results suggest that the KPase may not play an absolute role in the invasion of dermatophytes into keratinized tissue in vivo.
Animals ; Arthrodermataceae ; Cell Wall ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Hyphae ; Immunoenzyme Techniques* ; Microscopy, Electron* ; Microsporum* ; Skin* ; Tinea