1.Evaluation of Muscle Damage by Central Fatigue Using Tensiomyography
The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine 2020;38(4):238-241
This study compared muscle function pre- and post-central fatigue caused by a marathon, using maximal displacement (Dm), which indicates muscular stiffness in tensiomyography (TMG) results. Blood and noninvasive TMG test were performed on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days before and immediately after the marathon. The muscles assessed were the vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), semitendinosus (ST), tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius lateralis, and gastrocnemius medialis. Lactate dehydrogenase levels (lactate dehydrogenase) increased sharply immediately after the competition and decreased to the pre-competition level after 5 days. Dm was the highest immediately post-competition at BF, ST, VL, VM, and RF muscles, with a tendency to decrease to pre-competition levels after 1 day. The application of TMG to identify muscle changes in central fatigue studies may be appropriate in the proximal region rather than in the distal region.
2.Physical Fitness and Characteristic Analysis of Korean National Prospective Badminton Team Members Stratified by Gender and Game Type
The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine 2020;38(2):95-100
Purpose:
This study evaluated fitness levels of 47 athletes from the 2020 Korean National Prospective Badminton Team by gender and game type (singles or doubles).
Methods:
Our physical fitness evaluation items included height and weight measurements, grip strength test, back strength test, 20-meter shuttle run test, side step test, standing long jump test, sit and reach test, back extension test, and standing on one leg with eyes closed test.
Results:
Male singles players weighed significantly less than doubles players (p=0.002). However, there was no difference in height between both group. Male doubles players had significantly higher grip strength (right, p=0.006; left, p=0.002), back strength (p=0.007), and side step results (p=0.029) than did singles players, but male singles players performed significantly better on the 20-meter shuttle run (p<0.01). Male singles and doubles players did not differ significantly with respect to the results of the standing long jump, sit and reach, back extension, and standing one leg with eyes closed tests (p>0.05). Female singles and doubles players showed no significant difference in any physical fitness evaluation items (p>0.05).
Conclusion
Male doubles players were heavier than male singles players but showed superior strength and agility. Male singles players showed higher cardiopulmonary endurance levels compared with male doubles players. Female singles and doubles players showed no difference between all physical fitness characteristics. Further studies can use our methods of evaluating fitness in badminton players to provide coaches and players with quantitative indicators for optimal game type classification (singles or doubles) and help to devise winning game strategies.
3.Evaluation and Application of Muscle Injuries Using Tensiomyography.
Sang Won BAE ; Jung Hoon CHAI ; Bo Kyeong KIM ; Chul Hyun KIM ; Chan KIM
The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine 2015;33(2):143-146
Tensiomyography (TMG) is known as non-invasive method which assesses the muscular characteristics such as contraction velocity or maximal displacement of the belly. The aim of this study was to evaluate muscular responses by TMG after muscle injury and to introduce using TMG first in Korea. This study was performed with a subject who was diagnosed with muscular injury and consent measuring and following up TMG analyses. A female patient, who was diagnosed left hip adductor muscle strain, underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and TMG at intervals of two weeks. We obtained decreased in displace maximum (Dm, 4.14 vs. 5.69) and altered curve shape in the injured muscle at the initial TMG assessment in comparison to the non-injured side. After two weeks, MRI findings and symptom were improved and Dm in the injured side increased as in the non-injured muscle. These findings suggest that a decrease in Dm indicate increased in muscle stiffness after muscle injury, and an increase in Dm as in the non-injured side after two weeks indicate recovered status. TMG may be useful as a simple and non-invasive device for monitoring muscle function after muscle injury and during the recovery.
Female
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Hip
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Humans
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Korea
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging
4.Evaluation of Reliability of Tensiomyography Measurement.
Jung Hoon CHAI ; Bo Kyeong KIM ; Hyuk Jae CHOI ; Sang Won BAE
The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine 2018;36(3):143-148
PURPOSE: This study is designed to evaluate the reliability for studies of tensiomyography (TMG). TMG can evaluate muscle function noninvasively and selectively. METHODS: We measured 12 male volunteers (age, 26.5±7.6 years; height, 175.3±4.7 cm; weight, 78.8±13.3 kg) in this study and measured TMG during three occasions over 3 consecutive days. None of the participants has had any history of neuromuscular disorders or muscle diseases. Vastus lateralis, vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF) in quadriceps and biceps femoris, semitendinosus in hamstrings muscles were measured. Coefficient of variation (CV%) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) have been calculated about maximal displacement (Dm, mm) and contraction time (Tc, ms) which are main parameters. RESULTS: Most of the ICC of Dm were over 0.8 and the highest among the muscles except both VM. And, most ICC of Tc was lower than Dm except both BF (right, 18.31; left, 15.03). But, the ICC of Tc was lower than Dm except left RF (0.890) and VM (0.859). CONCLUSION: This study has shown that the Dm is high levels of the ICC and CV(%) in thigh muscle except VM. In the future, we plan to establish the method of measurement more clearly for reducing the errors of measurements. The technique of correct palpation of measurable muscles using TMG devices is also necessary.
Humans
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Male
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Methods
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Muscles
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Palpation
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Quadriceps Muscle
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Thigh
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Volunteers
5.Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for elderly patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer.
Ki Mun KANG ; Bae Kwon JEONG ; In Bong HA ; Gyu Young CHAI ; Gyeong Won LEE ; Hoon Gu KIM ; Jung Hoon KANG ; Won Seob LEE ; Myoung Hee KANG
Radiation Oncology Journal 2012;30(3):140-145
PURPOSE: Combined chemoradiotherapy is standard management for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC), but standard treatment for elderly patients with LA-NSCLC has not been confirmed yet. We evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for elderly patients with LA-NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among patients older than 65 years with LA-NSCLC, 36 patients, who underwent CCRT were retrospectively analyzed. Chemotherapy was administered 3-5 times with 4 weeks interval during radiotherapy. Thoracic radiotherapy was delivered to the primary mass and regional lymph nodes. Total dose of 54-59.4 Gy (median, 59.4 Gy) in daily 1.8 Gy fractions and 5 fractions per week. RESULTS: Regarding the response to treatment, complete response, partial response, and no response were shown in 16.7%, 66.7%, and 13.9%, respectively. The 1- and 2-year overall survival (OS) rates were 58.2% and 31.2%, respectively, and the median survival was 15 months. The 1- and 2-year progression-free survivals (PFS) were 41.2% and 19.5%, respectively, and the median PFS was 10 months. Regarding to the toxicity developed after CCRT, pneumonitis and esophagitis with grade 3 or higher were observed in 13.9% (5 patients) and 11.1% (4 patients), respectively. Treatment-related death was not observed. CONCLUSION: The treatment-related toxicity as esophagitis and pneumonitis were noticeably lower when was compared with the previously reported results, and the survival rate was higher than radiotherapy alone. The results indicate that CCRT is an effective in terms of survival and treatment related toxicity for elderly patients over 65 years old with LA-NSCLC.
Aged
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Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
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Chemoradiotherapy
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Disease-Free Survival
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Esophagitis
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Humans
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Lymph Nodes
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Pneumonia
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Retrospective Studies
;
Survival Rate
6.Genetic populations of Bacillus anthracis isolates from Korea.
Kyoung Hwa JUNG ; Sang Hoon KIM ; Se Kye KIM ; Soo Young CHO ; Jin Choul CHAI ; Young Seek LEE ; Ji Cheon KIM ; Seoung Joo KIM ; Hee Bok OH ; Young Gyu CHAI
Journal of Veterinary Science 2012;13(4):385-393
Bacillus (B.) anthracis is the pathogen that causes fatal anthrax. Strain-specific detection of this bacterium using molecular approaches has enhanced our knowledge of microbial population genetics. In the present study, we employed molecular approaches including multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and canonical single-nucleotide polymorphism (canSNP) analysis to perform molecular typing of B. anthracis strains isolated in Korea. According to the MLVA, 17 B. anthracis isolates were classified into A3a, A3b, and B1 clusters. The canSNP analyses subdivided the B. anthracis isolates into two of the three previously recognized major lineages (A and B). B. anthracis isolates from Korea were found to belong to four canSNP sub-groups (B.Br.001/2, A.Br.005/006, A.Br.001/002, and A.Br.Ames). The A.Br.001/002 and A.Br.Ames sub-lineages are closely related genotypes frequently found in central Asia and most isolates were. On the other hand, B. anthracis CH isolates were analyzed that belonged to the B.Br.001/002 sub-group which found in southern Africa, Europe and California (USA). B.Br.001/002 genotype is new lineage of B. anthracis in Korea that was not found before. This discovery will be helpful for the creation of marker systems and might be the result of human activity through the development of agriculture and increased international trade in Korea.
Africa, Southern
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Agriculture
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Anthrax
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Asia
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Bacillus
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Bacillus anthracis
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California
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Europe
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Genetics, Population
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Genotype
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Hand
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Human Activities
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Molecular Typing
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Tandem Repeat Sequences
7.Fluoxetine Increases the Expression of NCAM140 and pCREB in Rat C6 Glioma Cells.
Mi Ran CHOI ; Dong Hoon OH ; Seok Hyeon KIM ; Kyoung Hwa JUNG ; Nando Dulal DAS ; Young Gyu CHAI
Psychiatry Investigation 2012;9(2):180-186
OBJECTIVE: Dysfunction of neural plasticity in the brain is known to alter neural networks, resulting in depression. To understand how fluoxetine regulates molecules involved in neural plasticity, the expression levels of NCAM, NCAM140, CREB and pCREB, in rat C6 glioma cells after fluoxetine treatment were examined. METHODS: C6 cells were cultured after 20 min or after 6, 24 or 72 h treatments with 10 microM fluoxetine. Immunocytochemistry was used to determine the effect of fluoxetine on the expression of NCAM. Western blot analysis was used to measure the expression levels of NCAM140 and CREB and the induction of pCREB after fluoxetine treatment. RESULTS: NCAM expression following 72-h fluoxetine treatment was significantly increased around cell membranes compared to control cells. Cells treated with fluoxetine for 6 and 72 h showed a significant increase in NCAM140 expression compared to cells treated for 20 min. The level of pCREB in the cells treated with fluoxetine for 72 h not only increased more than 60%, but was also significantly different when compared with the other treatment times. The 72-h fluoxetine treatment led to the increase of NCAM140 and the phosphorylation of CREB in C6 cells. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that fluoxetine treatment regulates neuronal plasticity and neurite outgrowth by phosphorylating and activating CREB via the NCAM140 homophilic interaction-induced activation of the Ras-MAPK pathway.
Animals
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Blotting, Western
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Brain
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Cell Membrane
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Depression
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Fluoxetine
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Glioma
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Immunohistochemistry
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Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules
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Neurites
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Neuronal Plasticity
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Phosphorylation
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Plastics
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Rats
8.A Novel Method for the Assessment of Muscle Injuries.
Chan KIM ; Jung Hoon CHAI ; Bo Kyeong KIM ; Chul Hyun KIM ; Sang Won BAE
The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine 2015;33(2):59-66
Muscle injuries are very common in sports fields so diagnosis and prevention of them are as important as treatment in sports medicine. Many other devices for muscle diagnostics are provided, but non-invasiveness, cost, validity and reliability become a good measure of diagnosing and monitoring athletes. Tensiomyography (TMG) has been developed in the late 1980s to evaluate deficient muscle initially, and it was introduced into sports medicine and athletic training. It is a simple to use selective and non-invasive for measuring a skeletal muscle response. The method is based on the measurement of the radial displacement of muscle belly, which is caused by an electrical stimulator. The displacement is measured with an electric sensor which is connected to a computer system. It gives the information of maximal displacement of the belly (Dm) with following time parameters: delay time, contraction time (Tc), sustain time, and relaxation time. TMG studies usually focus on two common parameters: Tc and Dm. An increase in Tc indicates a muscle with a predominance of slow-twitch fibers. A decrease in Dm indicates an increase in muscle stiffness or tone. Other studies have been mainly associated with physiological characteristics of muscles, risk factors for muscle or ligament injuries, muscle fatigue, and muscle diseases such as multiple sclerosis. We think the application of TMG to the sports field can reduce the risk of sports injuries and increase performance of athletes. In medical field, it allows functional diagnosis of muscle strain, monitoring rehabilitation, and modifying treatment strategy effectively.
Athletes
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Athletic Injuries
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Computer Systems
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Diagnosis
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Humans
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Ligaments
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Multiple Sclerosis
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Muscle Fatigue
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Muscle, Skeletal
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Muscles
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Rehabilitation
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Relaxation
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Reproducibility of Results
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Risk Factors
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Sports
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Sports Medicine
9.The Effects of Nicotine and NNK on gingival fibroblast.
Chi Hoon HWANG ; Mi Young PARK ; Kwang Kyun PARK ; Seong Ho CHOI ; Kyoo Sung CHO ; Chong Kwan KIM ; Jung Kiu CHAI
The Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology 1998;28(4):703-719
In order to observe the effects of Nicotine and NNK on cultured human gingival fibroblast, several factors were examined including mutagenicity, the number of cells attached culture plate surface through MTT test, the abundance of collagen & collagenase in mRNA level and collagenolytic activity in extracellular matrix. The results were as follows; 1. Regardless of the co-existence of S9, Nicotine did not show the mutagenicity by itself and NNK by itself showd the same result; However, dose related mutagenicity was shown in NNK with S9. 2. The number of fibroblasts attached cultured plate surface was measured by MTT procedure. The number of cells in Non-smokers increased at all time periods as compared to those of smoker. 3. Non-smoker's fibroblast treated by NNK or Nicotine was dose-dependently decreased in the number of cells when compared to untreated control. In higher dose, Nicotine showed the cellular toxicity , but NNK did not. 4. No change in the abundance of mRNA for proalpha1 and proalpha2 was shown in Nicotine treated group but in gingival fibroblasts following treatment with NNK, the abundance of mRNA for proalpha1, but not proalpha2 collagen was decreased. 5. The abundance of mRNA for collagenase was decreased when NNK was treated but no change occurred in Nicotine treated group. 6. The effect of NNK and Nicotine in collagenolytic activity showed that ,collagenase activity exclusively react to type I collagen, was increased in both group, but gelatinase exclusively react to type IV collagen was not influenced at all. Collagenase activity of smoker's fibroblast was also increased as much as Nicotine and NNK group. The findings suggest that both of Nicotine and NNK lead gingival fibroblast to decrease in the abundance of collagen. And it seems to be that Nicotine and NNK have independent pathway toward the gingival fibroblast.
Humans
10.Enterobius vermicularis Eggs Discovered in Coprolites from a Medieval Korean Mummy.
Dong Hoon SHIN ; Chang Seok OH ; Jong Yil CHAI ; Hye Jung LEE ; Min SEO
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2011;49(3):323-326
While the presence of pinworm eggs in archaeological samples has been reported by many researchers in the New World, those have been detected very scarcely in the Old World, especially in East Asian countries. In fact, many parasite species were recovered from the archeological remains in Korea, eggs of Enterobius vermicularis had not been found. Recently, a female mummy buried in the 17th century was discovered in the Joseon tomb from Dangjin-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. After rehydration process for 12 days, investigations were carried on the luminal surface of the colon. From them, 3 eggs of E. vermicularis were recovered. They were elliptical, transparent with a thin egg shell, 50.3+/-5.2 microm (length) and 28.2+/-3.9 microm (width) in size. This is the first discovery of E. vermicularis eggs in East Asia.
Animals
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Colon/parasitology
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Enterobius/*isolation & purification
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Female
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Humans
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Mummies/*parasitology
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Ovum