No abstract available.
Animals ; Osteomyelitis* ; Rats*

Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI) of any severity can result in broad and persisting biopsychosocial sequelae. Depression after TBI occur at a greater frequency than in the general population, with estimates approaching 25% to 50% for major depression, and 155 to 30% for dysthmia. Acute onset depressions are related to lesion location and may have their etiology in biological response of the injured brain, whereas delayed onset depressions may be mediated by psychosocial factors, suggesting psychological reactions as a possible mechanism. Anxious depressions are associated with right hemisphere lesions, whereas major depressions alone are associated with left dorsolateral frontal and left basal ganglia lesions. However, there is insufficient information to postulate a specific neuroanatomic model for TBI-related depression.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Brain Injuries* ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Depression* ; Psychology

Open fracture characteristically has higher chances of infection and sof tissue damage in comparison with closed fracture. In spite of the development of operation methods and antibiotics, complications such as infection, nonunion, delayed union, and joint stiffness are continuously confronted as problems in the field of orthopedics. Different methods of treatment have been advocated as regards the care of the open wound and the method of stabilization of the fracture fragments. Therefore a comparative analysis of the type of open fracture and the bone union time according to the initial treatment methods was made from 47 cases over the age of 20, who were followed up until bone union developed among the inpatients who were treated for open fracture of tibia in the period of 7 years from January, 1982 to December, 1988, and the results are as follows: 1. The highest incidence of fractures was encountered in 3rd decade(34%) and male to female ratio was 6:l. 2. The most common cause of fractures was traffic accident(76.6%). 3. The most common level of fracture was in mid one-third and the bone union time was longest in mid one-third. 4. The bone union time was longer, and the rate of complication was greater in order of type 1, 2 & 3 according to Gustilo's classification. 5. The good result was obtained in type 1 fractures, by using the closed reduction & cast immobilization and pin & plaster method; in type 2, the bone union time was shortest in the cases of pin & plater method; in type 3, the bone union time was shortest in the cases of closed reduction or open, reduction & external fixation. 6. Bone union was obtained in all cases of delayed union and nonunion and the bone union time was shortest in cases treated with plate & bone graft.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Female ; Fractures, Closed ; Fractures, Open ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Joints ; Male ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Tibia ; Transplants ; Wounds and Injuries

OBJECTIVEs: Cytogenetic investigations were carried out on 770 women with primary (n=560) and secondary amenorrhea (n=210) to determine the frequency of chromosomal or genetic causes of amenorrhea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 770 women with primary amenorrhea (n=560) and secondary amenorrhea (n=210), chromosomal analysis were performed. RESULTS: 1) The most prevalent age group is 16-20 years of age group with primary amenorrhea and 26-30 years of age group with secondary amenorrhea. 2) Out of 560 cases of primary amenorrhea, 343 cases (61.3%) had the normal chromosome constitution and 217 cases (38.7%) had the abnormal chromosome constitution including 46,XY. 3) In 217 cases of abnormal chromosome of primary amenorrhea, 57 cases (26.3%) had 45,X and 34 cases (15.8%) had the 46,XY, 24 cases (11.0%) had 45,X/46,X,i (Xq), 23 cases (10.6%) had 45,X/46,X,+mar and 14 cases (6.6%) had 45,X/46,XY. 4) Out of 210 cases of secondary amenorrhea, 181 cases (86.2%) had the normal chromosome constitution and 29 cases (13.8%) had 45,X/46,XX. CONCLUSION: High percentage of chromosomal abnormalities was diagnosed in primary amenorrhea and most of them were sex chromosome anomalies. In secondary amenorrhea, the prevalence was lower than primary amenorrhea, so a preselection of patients with secondary amenorrhea for cytogenetic investigations seems to be necessary.
Amenorrhea* ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Constitution and Bylaws ; Cytogenetics* ; Female ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Sex Chromosomes

No abstract available.
Plasminogen Activators* ; Plasminogen* ; Pulmonary Embolism*

We present a prospective, randomized study of acute burst fracture of the thoracolumbar spine. Forty-one patients were treated either by anterior decompression and stabilization with Kaneda device or by posterior distraction instrumentation using the A-O fixateur interne. The mean follow up was 21 months. The result were as follows; 1. The mean preoperative kyphotic angle was 19.2° in those patients treated by anterior surgery and 21.4° in those patients treated by posterior surgery. At last follow-up the mean correction in kyphotic angle was 13.2° in the anterior group and 9.2° in the posterior group. There is no statistically significant difference between those two groups. 2. The mean preoperative midsagittal diameter of the canal compromise 47.4% in anterior group and 49.3% in posterior group. Postoperatively, this was reduced to 2.5% and 7.9%. There is a statistically significant difference between these two groups(P < 0.05). 3. The mean preoperative canal enchroachment 52.)% in anterior group and 47.6% in posterior group. Postoperatively, this was reduced to 3.2% and 6.0%. There is a statistically significant difference between these two group(P < 0.05). 4. Neurologic recovery was 81% in posterior surgery and 85% in anterior surgery. The improvement in Frankel grade was 1 grade in average, and showed no difference between two groups. 5. There was two cases of pedicle screw breadage in posterior group and one case of pyothorax in anterior group but no early or late vascular or neurologic complication.
Decompression ; Empyema, Pleural ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pedicle Screws ; Prospective Studies ; Spine

The alcoholic neuropathies developed in approximately 34% of chronic alcoholics and the sexual dysfunction had been experienced in 8-54% of male alcoholics(Schiavi 1990). The aims of this study were to identify the prevalence of subclinical polyneuropathies and sexual disorders in alcohol dependence, and to evaluate the association between them. The nerve conduction velocity(NCY), electromyography(EMG), and pudendal somatosensory evoked potentials(SEPs were tested for the male alcoholics(N=34) and controls(N=17 for NCV & EMG, N=25 for pudendal SEPs). The pudendal SEPs were measured by the following procedures, in which we simulated the dorsal nerve of penis attached by the ring electrode(stimulus intensity, three times of threshold ; stimulus rate, 1-4.7Hz: stimulus duration, 0.1 or 0.2msec), and recorded at the scalp(active electrode, 2cm behind Cz ; reference electrode, Fz. The NCV and EMG detected signs of peripheral neuropathies in 79.4% of alcoholics. Among the alcoholics, 64.7% were abnormal on the pudendal SEPs. Among the alcoholics who revealed abnormality on EMG and NCV, 81.4% were abnormal on the pudendal SEPs, in which 51.9% were not responded. The P1 latencies between peripheral neuropathies and sexual disorders in the alcoholic. The prevalence of subclinical neuropathies and sexual disorders seemed to be much higher in alcohol dependence that expectation, and these two problems were relatively correlated, and our results suggested that the peripheral polyneuropathies were one of the prerequisites of sexual disorders.
Alcoholic Neuropathy ; Alcoholics ; Alcoholism* ; Electrodes ; Humans ; Male ; Neural Conduction ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases* ; Polyneuropathies ; Prevalence ; Pudendal Nerve

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the plasma amitriptyline and nortriptyline level between before and after fluoxetine addition with patients who were currently taking amitriptyline. METHOD: From the inpatient and outpatient unit of Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital, Chunan, fourteen subjects who were taking amitriptyline 25mg more than 1 week at least were given fluoxetine 20mg. Before and 2 weeks after fluoxetine addition the plasma level of amitriptyline and nortriptyline are analyzed simultaneously by High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) At the same times, HAM-D(Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression) score and the UKU(Uldvalg for Klinske Unders phi gelser) side effect scale were checked. RESULTS: After fluoxetine addition to the patients who were taking amitriptyline, the plasma level of amitriptyline, nortriptyline and sum of amitriptyline and nortriptyline had risen. The mean plasma amitriptyline level increased from 168.9+/-89.4ng/ml to 183.0+/-102.0ng/ml after fluoxetine addition(p=0.011) but the change was not statistically significant. The mean plasma nortriptyline level increased significantly from 114.3+/-70.2ng/ml to 168.0+/-86.2ng/ml after fluoxetine addition(p=0.011) In addition, the mean plasma level of total amitriptyline and nortriptyline increased significantly from 283.1+/-125.3ng/ml to 350.9+/-78.4ng/ml after fluoxetine addition(p=0.016) After fluoxetine addition, no significant change was noted in the UKU side effect scale score. CONCLUSION: As consequence of comparson of plasma amitriptyline and nortriptyline level before and after fluoxetine addition mean amitriptyline, nortriptyline and total plasma level was increased after fluoxetine addition. This suggests that coadministration of amitriptyline and fluoxetine may induce improvement of depressive symptom in depressive patients by way of increased plasma level of amitriptyline.
Amitriptyline* ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Depression ; Fluoxetine* ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Nortriptyline ; Outpatients ; Plasma*

The real time high resolution mechanical neurosonographic sector scanner is a convenient and useful instrumentfor detection of intracranial lesions in premature infants as well as low birth weight. From this experience,authors report with 104 neonates and infants who had been suspected intracranial hemorrhage and had been detectedand graded by sonography. The results were as followed: 1. The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage is 20 of 46(43.5%) neonates who had been studied before 3 days of age. But 7 of 16(43.7%) neonates showed ICH between the 4-7days of age. 2. There was no difference of prevalence in sex ratio in neonates with ICH. 3. There was closerelationship between ICH and gestational weeks. 15 of 27 (55.6%) neonates who were born under 32 gestational weeksshowed ICH was graded as 3 or 4 in 7 of 10. 4. 10 of 16(62.5%) neonate who were born under 1,500 gram body weighthad ICH within first 4 days. The severity of ICH was graded as 3 or 4 in 7 of 10. 5. The mode of deliveryinfluenced neonatal ICH incase of difficulty delivery such as forcep(4/4, 100%), vacuum (7/10, 70%), breech (3/3,100%), and C/S(13/33, 39.4%). 6. Incidence of ICH in neonates with pathologica lung conditions (29/40, 72.5%) washigher than ICH with normal chest findins(15/64, 23.4%). 7. For frequent follow up study of brain, neurosonographywas very helpul and economic in case of ICH, and could find congenital glioblastoma multiformed(1), and low gradeastrocytoma(1) incidentally.
Brain ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glioblastoma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Lung ; Prevalence ; Sex Ratio ; Thorax ; Vacuum

This study was undertaken to observe the effects of centrally administred antihistamines on the blood pressure. Diphenhydramine(DPH), a H1-receptor antagonist, and ranitidine(RAN), a H2-receptor antagonist were administered intracerebroventricularly(icv) on urethane-anesthetized rabbits. 1) Both DPH and RAN administered intraccebroventricularly increased blood pressure, however the intravenous(iv) adminstration of them did not affect blood pressure. The pressor response to icv DPH was dose-dependent, but that to icv RAN was not. 2) The pressor response to icv DPH(1mg) was either markedly attenuated or reversed to depressor response by the pretreatment with icv phentolamine(250,500ug), and iv chlorisondamine(0.1, 1mg/Kg) and iv phenoxybenzamine(1mg/Kg). In cord-sectioned rabbtis, icv RAN) 1mg) did not produce pressor response. 3) The pressor responsr to icv RAN(1mg) was not affected by the pretreatment with icv phentolamine(500ug), iv chlorisondamin(1mg/Kg) and iv phenoxybenzamine(1mg/Kg), and iv phenoxybenzamine(1mg/Kg). RAN also producted pressor response in cordsectioned rabbits. These results suggest that the pressor response to icv DPH is elecited by increasing peripheral sympathetic tone via the stimulation of central alpha-adrenoreceptors and the pressor response to icv RAN is produced by releasing some humoral facotr which can increase blood pressure.
Blood Pressure ; Diphenhydramine* ; Histamine Antagonists ; Rabbits* ; Ranitidine*