No abstract available.
Animals ; Imipramine* ; Lymphocytes* ; Plasma* ; Rats*

Chronic subdural hematoma usually occurs as a consequence of minor trauma. But, chronic subdural hematoma of occupational origin has not been reported yet in Korea. We experienced a case of chronic subdural hematoma induced by repeated trauma to the head. The patient was a 45-year-old male. He complained of repeated headache and nausea. By the computed tomogram, he diagnosed as chronic subdural hematoma and took the operation. He was not an alcoholism and had no intracranial disease nor coagulopathy. We studied all possibilities through working environment and personal environment survey. As a result, we decided the case as an example of cumulative trauma disorder to the head by occupational origin. We report a case of chronic subdural hematoma in the worker exposed repeated head trauma of occupational origin.
Alcoholism ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Cumulative Trauma Disorders ; Head* ; Headache ; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic* ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nausea

The authors report a case of ectopic paragonimiasis in a 33 year old Korean housewife who came to the hospital because of lower abdominal discomfortness and palpable mass. Parasitic granulomas involved the ovary and posterior wall of the uterine body. This report deals with the rare occurrence of a parasitic infestation in the ovary.

The authors report a case of ectopic paragonimiasis in a 33 year old Korean housewife who came to the hospital because of lower abdominal discomfortness and palpable mass. Parasitic granulomas involved the ovary and posterior wall of the uterine body. This report deals with the rare occurrence of a parasitic infestation in the ovary.

This study was performed to investigate dietary habits and nutritional intake according to body mass index (BMI) of female college students. The subjects were 1361 students with a mean age of 20.4 years residing in Seoul and Kyonggui area. BMI (kg/m2) between > or = 18.5 to < or = 23 was considered as normal, < 18.5 as underweight and > 23 as overweight. The subjects had a mean BMI of 20.0 kg/m2 and 25% of them were classified as underweight group, 67% as normal group and 8% as overweight group. Dietary intake was assessed by food frequency method and consumption of foods and nutrients was analyzed. Frequency of meal skipping was higher in the overweight group, 16.1% of the overweight group skipped dinner. Also, the frequency of snack intake was lowest in the overweight group. The overweight group consumed less meat and fish than the normal and underweight groups. The total number of foods consumed in a day was also significantly lower than that of the underweight and normal group. The overweight group consumed less energy, protein, fat, phosphorus and niacin than the underweight and normal groups. The overweight group took iron and sodium intake lower than the normal group. Mean intakes of nutrients except clacium and iron in all three groups were over Korea RDA. The NAR (nutrient adequacy ratio) value of all nutrients, except calcium, was lower in the overweight group when compared to the normal and underweight groups, and the MAR (mean adequacy ratio) of the overweight group was 0.89, which was lower than 0.92 of the underweight and 0.93 of the normal group. The above results indicated that the deficiency of major nutrients such as calcium and iron could be inducde by less kinds of consumed foods and frequent meal skipping including dinner in the overweighted group. Therefore, balanced nutrient intake is required to maintain skeletal health and prevent anemia in overweighted female college students aged twenties.
Anemia ; Body Mass Index* ; Calcium ; Female ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Iron ; Korea ; Meals ; Meat ; Niacin ; Nutritional Status* ; Overweight ; Phosphorus ; Seoul ; Snacks ; Sodium ; Thinness

BACKGROUND: Recently, it was suggested that sleep disorders, like sleep apnea and periodic limb movements during sleep, are associated with the cardiovascular complications and outcomes seen in ESRD patients. This study investigated the association between sleep disturbances, including nocturnal hypoxemia, and myocardial damage in ESRD patients. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 15 hemodialysis patients (age=50+-8 years, M: F= 11: 4, diabetes=6) who were classified as at high risk of sleep disturbance using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Sleep Disorders Questionnaire. Overnight polysomnographic studies were performed in these 15 patients to evaluate sleep parameters. The predialysis serum concentration of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) was measured as a marker of myocardial damage. RESULTS: Apnea+hypopnea index >5, which is a diagnostic criterion of sleep-related breathing disorder, was found in 12 (80%) patients. Several sleep parameters were associated with cTnT concentration. Sleep efficiency and lowest oxygen saturation decreased (p<0.05 and p=0.06, respectively), and average desaturation increased (p<0.05) with increasing cTnT concentration. Spearman's Rho, which was used to assess the relationships between the severity of sleep apnea and clinical parameters, showed that apnea+hypopnea index and oxygen desaturation index were negatively correlated (both p<0.01) with the serum concentration of uric acid. In multivariate analysis, the uric acid concentration was also independently associated with apnea+hypopnea index and oxygen desaturation index. CONCLUSION: Elevated concentration of cTnT was associated with poor sleep efficiency and severe oxygen desaturation during sleep, and the serum concentration of uric acid was lower in patients with severe sleep apnea.
Anoxia ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Extremities ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Oxygen ; Renal Dialysis ; Respiration ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; Troponin T ; Uric Acid ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: Sleep disturbances are very common in hemodialysis (HD) patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). This study aimed to examine the characteristics of sleep disturbances, and to illustrate the relationship of sleep parameters with clinical parameters reflecting metabolic dysfunction in HD patients with CRF. METHODS: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Sleep Disorders Questionnaire (SDQ) were administered in 26 HD patients with CRF. For fifteen patients with the risk of sleep disorder, nocturnal polysomnographic study (NPSG) and blood sampling were done. RESULTS: Among 15 patients, 14 patients (93%) were diagnosed as sleep disorders, sleep breathing disorder or periodic limb movements in sleep. Uric acid (UA) was positively correlated with sleep efficiency (r=0.571), and negatively correlated with waking after sleep onset, the amount of stage 1 sleep, and respiratory disturbance index (r=-0.515, -0.564, -0.646). Interleukin-6 was positively correlated with obstructive apnea index (r=0.661). CONCLUSION: In our study, the difficulty in maintaining sleep was found in HD patients with CRF. It also showed that increased UA was associated with improved sleep maintenance and decreased breathing disturbance during sleep. This might be related with antioxidant effect of UA in CRF. Further studies on total CRF patients including those without the risk of sleep disorder are necessary.
Antioxidants ; Apnea ; Extremities ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Renal Dialysis* ; Respiration ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; Uric Acid

OBJECTIVES: Nocturnal sleep disruption has been considered as a risk factor for cognitive impairment in the elderly. And the frontal lobe dysfunction was suggested to predict the progression to dementia. We aimed to illustrate the relationship of nocturnal sleep with frontal lobe function in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. METHODS: Thirty MCI patients and 30 age- and sex-matched normal control (NC) subjects were selected. Frontal lobe function tests including Stroop Test, Similarity Test, Digit Span Test (DST), and Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT) were administrated. Nocturnal polysomnography was done for each subject. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the sleep parameters and diagnostic distributions of sleep disorders between the MCI and NC groups. In MCI patients, the mean hypopnea index (HI) of the ApoE4 positive group was higher than that of ApoE4 negative group. In the NC group, the wake time after sleep onset (WASO) was negatively correlated with the DST score (r=-0.545). In the MCI group, WASO tended to be negatively correlated with the Similarity Test score (r=-0.376, p=0.053), and slow wave sleep amount (SWS) was negatively correlated with the error score of BVRT (r=-0.489). CONCLUSION: Although there was no difference in the sleep quality and frequency of SAS between the MCI and NC groups, the severity of SDB was higher in MCI patients with ApoE4 compared to those without ApoE4. In the MCI group, the difficulty in maintaining sleep was associated with decreased executive function, and the decreased SWS was associated with impaired working memory. The relationship of nocturnal sleep with the frontal lobe function in MCI patients appears to be different from that of normal elderly subjects.
Aged ; Apolipoprotein E4 ; Dementia ; Executive Function ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Memory, Short-Term ; Mild Cognitive Impairment ; Phenothiazines ; Polysomnography ; Retention (Psychology) ; Risk Factors ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; Stroop Test

OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with the pathophysiology of sleep disorders in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. We examined the relationship of the sleep variables reflecting sleep breathing disorder and limb movements during sleep with the clinical variables reflecting the metabolic abnormalities in ESRD patients receiving hemodialysis. METHODS: Nocturnal polysomnography was conducted in 30 ESRD patients (21 men, 9 women), who were receiving hemodialysis. Blood was sampled before hemodialysis for each patient in order to measure uric acid (UA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). RESULTS: UA was correlated positively with the total sleep time (TST)(r=0.407) and negatively with the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI)(r=-0.377, -405). CONCLUSION: CRP was positively correlated with the limb movement index (LMI)(r=0.401). Our study showed that increased UA was related to decreased respiratory disturbance during sleep in ESRD patients receiving hemodialysis.
C-Reactive Protein ; Extremities ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-6 ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Oxygen ; Polysomnography ; Renal Dialysis ; Respiration ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; Uric Acid

The authors compared the basic characteristics of rural woman in relation to family planning for June 1967 and June 1969 in Kyung San Country Kyungpook Province, Korea. The statistics showed that these characteristics are gradually changing. The marriage age was slightly higher than the past year and the formal education of women increased. The ideal children number, and tile gravidity and mortality rates decreased. At the same time the number of induced abortions, the knowledge of family planning, and the acceptance rate of contraception increased. These phenomena seem to follow the present worldwide trend.
Abortion, Induced ; Child ; Contraception ; Education ; Family Planning Services* ; Female ; Gravidity ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Korea ; Marriage ; Mortality