PURPOSE: This study was intended to explore the essential structure and the meanings of childbirth experiences among Korean women participated in Lamaze childbirth education. METHODS: Giorgi's phenomenological method was used to analyze data collected by in-depth interviews with six primiparous women from March to July 2009. RESULTS: Five components identified in the meanings of experience: 'Simplicity', 'Self-control', 'Uncontrollable pain', 'Spiritual maturity', 'Physiologic event'. CONCLUSION: The study results revealed that the childbirth experience was positive generally, partially influenced by Lamaze childbirth education. But, meanings of childbirth experience with Lamaze childbirth education were mostly physiological respect related to labor pain or one's own efforts to endure labor pain. Therefore, nursing strategies for drawing emotional and socio-environmental experiences from childbirth experience with Lamaze childbirth education is needed.
Female ; Humans ; Labor Pain ; Natural Childbirth ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Qualitative Research

PURPOSE: This study was intended to explore the essential structure and the meanings of childbirth experiences among Korean women participated in Lamaze childbirth education. METHODS: Giorgi's phenomenological method was used to analyze data collected by in-depth interviews with six primiparous women from March to July 2009. RESULTS: Five components identified in the meanings of experience: 'Simplicity', 'Self-control', 'Uncontrollable pain', 'Spiritual maturity', 'Physiologic event'. CONCLUSION: The study results revealed that the childbirth experience was positive generally, partially influenced by Lamaze childbirth education. But, meanings of childbirth experience with Lamaze childbirth education were mostly physiological respect related to labor pain or one's own efforts to endure labor pain. Therefore, nursing strategies for drawing emotional and socio-environmental experiences from childbirth experience with Lamaze childbirth education is needed.
Female ; Humans ; Labor Pain ; Natural Childbirth ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Qualitative Research

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate actor and partner effects of sexual attitude and marital intimacy on sexual satisfaction in pregnant couples. METHODS: Data were collected from 176 pairs of the pregnant couples visiting for prenatal care at hospitals from June 18 to September 24, 2016. The collected data were analyzed by paired t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficients using SPSS 18.0 and interdependent effect (Actor-Partner Interdependence Model analysis) through AMOS 18.0. RESULTS: The sexual attitude and marital intimacy of the pregnant woman did not have a partner effect on the sexual satisfaction of her husband, respectively (β=.12, p=.141), (β=.01, p=.938). The sexual attitude of the husband had a partner effect on the sexual satisfaction of the pregnant woman (β=.13, p=.021), but the marital intimacy of the husband did not show a partner effect (β=.07, p=.202). CONCLUSION: Study suggests that the sexual attitude and marital intimacy of pregnant couples should be considered as factors when developing an intervention to improve sexual satisfaction in couples. Moreover, pregnant couples should participate in intervention together because the sexual satisfaction has conceptual view of interdependence in two-person relationships.
Family Characteristics* ; Female ; Humans ; Marriage ; Orgasm* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Prenatal Care ; Spouses

Treatment of oral cancers with chemotherapeutic agents are evaluated as an effective method for remission to reduce cancer proliferation nowadays. But, minimization of side-effects such as bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal toxicity and renal damage is another problem to be solved. Thus, a possible approach to develop a clinically applicable chemotherapeutic agents is to screen anticancer activity among traditional medicinal plants which have been used for thousands of years with very low side-effects in orient. In this study we focused on screening anti-oral cancer activities among 14 traditional medicinal plant extracts that revealed anticancer activities on other solid tumors. The results were as follow: 1. Methanol extract of Lepidium apetalum showed the highest anti-oral cancer activity against A253 cells. At concentration of 4 microgram/ml, the cell viability was 48% under our experimental condition. IC50 value obtained was 4 microgram/ml. 2. Methanol extract of Coptis japonica and Solanum nigrum were effective on KB cells. Cell viability observed were 62% and 67% at concentration of 4 microgram/ml, and IC50 values were 12 microgram/ml and 10 microgram/ml respectively. 3. When the methanol extract of Lonicera caerule was combined with 2 microgram/ml of cisplatin, the anticancer activity was synergistically increased. One hundred microgram/ml of Lonicera caerule showed 92% (alone) or 59% (combined with cisplatin) cell viabilities. IC50 value of Lonicera caerule extract against KB cells was reduced from 301 microgram/ml to 126 microgram/ml when combined with 2 microgram/ml of cisplatin. 4. Medicinal plant extracts effective on both A253 and KB cells were Coptis japonica, Lepidium apetalum, Solanum nigrum, Caesalpiniae Lignum, Curcuma aromatica.
Bone Marrow ; Caesalpinia ; Cell Survival ; Cisplatin ; Coptis ; Curcuma ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; KB Cells ; Lepidium ; Lonicera ; Mass Screening ; Methanol ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Plants, Medicinal* ; Solanum nigrum

BACKGROUND: Many women have experienced artificial abortion, but artificial abortion itself may take a life away from a fetus and also influence serious effect on operated womens health condition. So this study was attempted to offer basic information for improving maternity health condition by knowing womens artificial abortion performance status and recognition about its complication. METHODS: The 215 married women who visited in OPD of certain hospital in Pusan from november 1994 to January 1995, answered the question about experience of artifial abortion the recognition about its complication, and artificial abortioned group answered the reason of artificial abortion and the experience of complication. RESULTS: The number of women who experienced artificial abortion was 107 persons(49.8%). More educated women have experienced less artificial abortion. The causes of artificial abortion were birth control as of 40.6%, continuation of occupation or study as of 20.6%, for preserving health condition as of 14.2%, impossible marriage as of 14.2%. 115 persons out of 215 persons (53.4% ) answered they heard about, its complicatons. In relation to health, 66 persons(30.7% ) answered that the abortion had no relation with health condition or they answered they have no idea about the issue, 68 persons(31.6%) answered that the abortion had relation with but its complication would be soon recovered. Higher understanding was obtained in higher educated group(P<0.05). If unwanted pregnancy occur to them in the future, 32 persons(27.8%) in recognized group and 38 persons(38%) in unrecognized group answered they would perform artificial abortion. So understanding about complicaton of artificial abortion has little effect on their artificial abortion rate. CONCLUSIONS: Recognition of complications of married women is low, and recognition degree doesnt affect artificial abortion. So, not only education about complications of artificial abortion and contraception but also social performance of sharing womens responsibility for birth control or bringing up infants is necessary.
Abortion, Induced ; Busan ; Contraception ; Education ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Infant ; Marriage ; Occupations ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Unwanted ; Women's Health

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the incidence of sleep disturbance and factors influencing their sleep disturbance in pregnant women. METHODS: Data were collected from 131 pregnant women among outpatients who visited two obstetric clinics, one public health center, and P national university hospital to receive prenatal care from July until to September, 2015. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, χ²-test, and logistic multiple regression with PASW/WIN 22.0. RESULTS: The mean score was 7.97 out of 21 points for sleep disturbance, 42.89 out of 96 points for pregnancy related discomforts, 7.02 out of 30 points for prenatal depression, and 68.65 out of 165 points for childbirth fear. Prevalence of poor sleeper group with more higher 5 out of 21 sleep disturbance points was 72.5%. Factors influencing sleep disturbance were pregnancy related discomforts (OR=1.11; 95% CI: 1.04~1.19), and prenatal depression (OR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.02~1.35). CONCLUSION: This study shows that pregnancy related discomforts and prenatal depression affect sleep disturbance in pregnant women. Therefore, to improve sleep disturbance during pregnancy, we need to pay attention to relieving discomforts as well as prenatal depression.
Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Outpatients ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women* ; Prenatal Care ; Prevalence ; Public Health

PURPOSE: This study was formed to propose a theoretical background for improving the quality of women's lives by measuring the subjectivity on women. METHOD: Q-methodology is used for purpose. Q-statements are collected through in-depth interviews and a literature review. 34 Q-statements were selected. There are 33 subjects in the research. The Q-Factor Analysis using PC Quanl program was performed to analyze the data. RESULT: There were three types of opinions on woman. The first type(equal-recognitive) thinks that men and women are equal, women can handle men, and women are independent, valuable beings. The second type(equal-fixed idea) express that women are not behind men in terms of abilities but are supposed to live for the sake of their husbands and children. The third type(equal-practical) answer that men and women are equal, but women have their own personalities and can participate in social activities and can financially help the families. CONCLUSION: The study express the overall opinions and attitudes on woman as reviewed by the research subjects. Therefore, this study helps the seizure of an opportunity to build a theoretical base for improving the quality of women's lives.

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the factors influencing quality of life and difference of quality of life in a postmenopausal group compared to premenopausal women. METHOD: The subjects consisted of 213 women from 40 to 64 years old. The data were collected from June 1, 2003 to June 31, 2004 using structured questionnaires which included questions relating to demographic and obstetric background and 4 scales(climacteric symptoms scale, marital satisfaction scale, sex-role attitude scale, quality of life scale). RESULT: Comparing pre- and postmenopausal women, significant statistical differences were demonstrated in climacteric symptoms and sex-role attitude. However, quality of life was not different between pre- and postmenopausal women. In premenopausal women, marital satisfaction(32.7%) and educational level(8.0%) were significant predictors to explain quality of life. Marital satisfaction(12.9%) was significant predictor to explain quality of life in postmenopausal women. CONCLUSION: No difference of quality in life between pre- and postmenopausal women provides information for changing traditional approaches of menopause according to physiological changes as illness. In addition the study showed that it is necessary to use marital satisfaction information when developing nursing interventions to promote the quality of life.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Postmenopause/*psychology ; Premenopause/*psychology ; *Quality of Life

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify influence of childbirth experience and postpartum depression on quality of life in women after birth. METHODS: Two hundred and eleven postpartum women were asked to complete the questionnaires on their childbirth experience during their admission and on their postpartum depression and quality of life between one to three weeks after birth. Initial data were collected from February 1 to May 30, 2011 at two obstetric hospitals in Busan, Korea. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression. RESULTS: The women's childbirth experience and postpartum depression were identified as factors influencing quality of life after birth. The model explained 50% of the variables. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that childbirth educators should include strategies to increase a positive childbirth experience and to decrease postpartum depression in their education programs in order to improve women's quality of life.
Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Depression, Postpartum/*psychology ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Parturition ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; *Quality of Life ; Questionnaires ; Women/*psychology

PURPOSE: This study was formed to propose a theoretical background trying to create a positive delivery experience by understanding college women's subjective accounts (their view and attitude) on delivery. METHOD: Q- methodology was used to appreciate the highly abstract concept in an objective manner, since delivery can be assessed differently with each experience. RESULT: There were three types of opinions about the delivery in college women. The first type (matured type) understood delivery to be a precious experience that enables women to gain the value of life through labor pain, and granted then more appreciation to their own mothers. The second type (will type) recognizes delivery as an option rather than an obligation for women. They think women chooses whether or not to experience the process, especially since delivery requires a great deal of responsibility. The third type (positive type) takes delivery as a valuable, worthwhile, and marvelous process that they wish to experience. They are not even afraid of giving birth multiple times. CONCLUSION: The study explains and allows us to understand college women's overall opinion and attitudes about delivery. Thus this study aids the seizure of an opportunity to build a theoretical base for delivery management.
Female ; Financing, Organized ; Humans ; Labor Pain ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Seizures ; Value of Life