No abstract available.
Meningitis*

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to analyze the prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infection in people living within 5 km of the Youngsan River basin, to develop an educational program to prevent the infection, and to examine the effects of the educational program. METHODS: This study employed a one group pretest-posttest design, the subjects were 384. This study was conducted from November 20, 2008 to June 16, 2009. The results were analyzed with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. RESULTS: Of the residents, 5.7% were infected with Clonorchis sinensis and the knowledge level about the prevention of Clonorchis sinensis was improved significantly from 9.75+/-5.12 points before the education to 15.05+/-2.43 points after the education. One of the important effects was that the willingness to eat raw fresh-water fish was reduced after the education. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, a continuous research needs to be conducted on how education and knowledge level-up change people's living attitudes for the prevention of Clonorchis sinensis infection and the reduction of the infection rate in the future.
Clonorchis sinensis* ; Education ; Intention ; Korea* ; Prevalence* ; Rivers*

No abstract available.
Cryopreservation* ; Humans* ; Oocytes*

OBJECTIVES: Presenteeism is currently recognized as a significant global health issue that can potentially cause productivity losses. Hence, many studies have analyzed the relationships between workplace factors and presenteeism. However, few studies have considered non-occupational factors. This study examined the associations between presenteeism and activities outside work, including volunteering, self-development, leisure/sports, and gardening and house repair activities, in Korean wage workers. METHODS: This study analyzed the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey, in which a total of 19 294 wage workers participated. To identify relationships between presenteeism and activities outside work, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used after adjusting for general and occupational characteristics. RESULTS: Self-development and leisure/sports activities significantly increased the odds ratio (OR) of presenteeism (OR, 1.166; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.061 to 1.282 and OR, 1.276; 95% CI, 1.181 to 1.379, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Certain activities outside work, such as self-development or leisure/sports, were related to presenteeism among Korean wage workers. Although many previous studies have emphasized the positive effects of those activities on health, this study documented negative effects of these activities outside work on health.

Background: Presenteeism has emerged as an important health-related issue and has been studied in a variety of occupation groups. This study examines the relationship between emotional labor and presenteeism in nurses in Republic of Korea. Methods: As a cross-sectional study, our study was conducted on 328 female nurses participating in the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey (2015). Nurses were identified by the Korean Industry Classification Code. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the association between emotional labor and presenteeism. Results: Female nurses who always or sometimes hide their emotions in the workplace were found to have a high risk for presenteeism compared with female nurses who rarely hide their emotions in the workplace {odds ratio [OR] = 2.40 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–5.54]; OR = 4.12 [95% CI 1.72–9.84], respectively}. Furthermore, the risk of presenteeism was higher in nurses who sometimes engaged with complaining customers compared with nurses who rarely did so, but it lacked statistical significance. Conclusion Presenteeism in nurses can cause various negative secondary effects; therefore, an alternative should be sought to mediate nurses' emotional labor to prevent presenteeism.

OBJECTIVES: Presenteeism is currently recognized as a significant global health issue that can potentially cause productivity losses. Hence, many studies have analyzed the relationships between workplace factors and presenteeism. However, few studies have considered non-occupational factors. This study examined the associations between presenteeism and activities outside work, including volunteering, self-development, leisure/sports, and gardening and house repair activities, in Korean wage workers. METHODS: This study analyzed the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey, in which a total of 19 294 wage workers participated. To identify relationships between presenteeism and activities outside work, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used after adjusting for general and occupational characteristics. RESULTS: Self-development and leisure/sports activities significantly increased the odds ratio (OR) of presenteeism (OR, 1.166; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.061 to 1.282 and OR, 1.276; 95% CI, 1.181 to 1.379, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Certain activities outside work, such as self-development or leisure/sports, were related to presenteeism among Korean wage workers. Although many previous studies have emphasized the positive effects of those activities on health, this study documented negative effects of these activities outside work on health.
Agriculture ; Efficiency ; Gardening ; Global Health ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Odds Ratio ; Presenteeism ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits

The incidence of postoperative ileus (POI) after colonic and abdominal surgery is high. On the other hand, the reported incidence after lower extremity reconstruction ranges from 0.3% to 4.0%. This paper reports an 81-year-old woman who expired due to POI at six days after primary total knee arthroplasty. The risk factors, diagnosis, preventive methods, and treatment of POI were also investigated through literature reviews.

Clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae (189 Klebsiella, 61 Enterobacter, 32 Serratia, 19 E. coli, 7 Proteus, and 3 Citrobacter) from one university hospital were epidemiologically analyzed by using transferable R plasmids resistant beta-lactam antibiotics including broad-spectrum cephalosporins. About 30% of E. cloacae and S. marcescens and about 5% of K. pneumoniae were resistant to one or more broad-spectrum j3-lactam antibiotics including cefotaxim, ceftazidime, aztreonam, or cefoxitin but all isolates of E. aerogenes, K oxytoca, and P. mirabilis were susceptible. Thirty-six conjugative R plasmids including 8 plasmids resistant expanded-spectrum cephalosporins were obtained from multiple resistant K. pneumoniae (19), E. cloacae (9), E. coli (4), and C. freundii (1). Thirty-one plasmids were subjected to R plasmid analysis and classified 20 different plasmid types. Among them 5, 2, and 2 plasmids belong to 3 different types respectively showed identical molecular size, endonuclease fragment pattern by Southem hybridization pattern by TEM-1 probe, pI value by isoelctric focusing, and also identical antibiogram and biotype of wild strains harboring plasmids. But all of plasmids resistant to cefotaxim, ceftazidime, aztreonam or cefoxitin showed different palsmid anlysis patterns. These results indicate that the epidemic strains of 3 clonal types had been present in this hospital and anlysis using transferable R plasmid and bla gene can be used to discriminate multi-resistant clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae.
Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Aztreonam ; Cefotaxime ; Cefoxitin ; Ceftazidime ; Cephalosporins ; Cloaca ; Dermatoglyphics* ; Enterobacter ; Enterobacteriaceae* ; Klebsiella ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mirabilis ; Plasmids* ; Pneumonia ; Proteus ; R Factors ; Serratia

PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to review the perinatal clinical characteristics of extremely low birth weight(ELBW) infants and determine their risk factors of their deaths. METHODS: The medical records of 96 infants weighing less than 1,000g, who were born at Seoul National University Hospital and admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) were analyzed retrospectively on the basis of clinical characteristics, obstetrical problems, postnatal complications and outcome. RESULTS: The annual birth rate of ELBW infants was 0.11% to 0.90% of total live births and the mean annual birth rate was 0.56% at Seoul National University Hospital. Preeclampsia was the most common obstetrical problem(34.4%), followed by incompetent internal os of cervix(IIOC) (13.5%), multiple pregnancy(13.5%) and in vitro fertilization(IVF)(13.5%). Respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) was the most common postnatal complication(78.1%), followed by sepsis(60.4%) and apnea(39.6%). Comparing the ELBW infants weighing less than 750g with those weighing more than 751g, sepsis was more frequent in the latter group(p<0.05), whereas high grade intraventricular hemorrhage(grade Ill) was more frequent in the former group(p<0.05). Otherwise there was no statistically significant difference concerning the frequency of perinatal complications between two groups. Comparing the ELBW infants born before the year 1991, when surfactant treatment started to be used routinely at our NICU, with those born after the year 1991, apnea and sepsis could be observed more frequent in the latter group(p<0.05). Otherwise there was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of perinatal complications between two groups, The survival rate of ELBW infants was 0.0% in 1986, 50.0% in 1991 and 40.0% in 1995. The risk factors of neonatal deaths of ELBW infants included birth weight, gestational period, mode of delivery, IIOC, RDS, apnea, pneumonia, pneumothorax, acute renal failure(ARF) and infections(except pneumonia), but analyzing these risk factors by multivariate logistic regression analysis, the resultant significant independent risk factors consisted only of birth weight, RDS and pneumonia(p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in survival rate between ELBW infants born before and after the year 1991, but there was a tendency toward increasing survival rates in the latter group. CONCLUSION: Recently, the survival rate of ELBW infants is improving steadily, but is still lower than that of western countries and postnatal morbidity remains high. Therefore, there is an urgent need to give more efforts to the neonatal intensive care of ELBW inFants in order to increase survival rates and reduce postnatal morbidity. But it is more important to reduce preterm birth by the treatment of preventable obstetrical risk factors.
Apnea ; Birth Rate ; Birth Weight ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Live Birth ; Logistic Models ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Parturition ; Pneumonia ; Pneumothorax ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Premature Birth ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Sepsis ; Statistics as Topic* ; Survival Rate

Purpose: Survivin is a typical antiapoptotic protein. It is copiously expressed during human fetal development but is infrequently present in adult tissues. In this experiment, we researched the treatment effect of the secretome that adiposederived stem cells (ASCs) transfected with survivin. Methods: First of all, we generated survivin-overexpressing ASCs transfected with a plasmid comprising a gene encoding survivin. The secreted substances released from survivin-overexpressing ASCs (survivin-secretome) were collected, and were determined their in vitro and in vivo therapeutic potential, especially in the model of liver impairment. Results: In vitro, the survivin-secretome significantly increased cell viability and promoted the expression of proliferationrelated markers (proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA], phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), hepatocyte growth factor [HGF], vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]) and anti-apoptosis-related markers (myeloid cell leukemia-1 [Mcl-1] and survivin) (P < 0.05). In vivo using 70% hepatectomy mice, the survivin-secretome group exhibited the lowest serum levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.05). The serum levels of liver transaminases (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) were also the lowest in the survivin-secretome group (P < 0.05). The survivin-secretome group also exhibited the highest liver regeneration on the 7th day after 70% partial hepatectomy (P < 0.05). In the subsequent liver specimen analysis, the specimens of survivin-secretome exhibited the highest expression of p-STAT3, HGF, VEGF, PCNA, and Mcl-1 and the lowest expression of bcl-2-like protein 4 (P < 0.05). Conclusion Taken together, secretome secreted by survivin-overexpressing ASCs could be an effective way to improve liver regeneration and repair for liver injury treatment.