Nitric oxide (NO) induces apoptotic cell death in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. To elucidate the roles of SEK1/MKK4, a upstream kinase for both c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK) and p38 kinase, on NO-induced apoptosis, we generated clones of RAW 264.7 cells which stably overexpressd kinase inactive SEK1 (RAW/SEK1-Kl) or wild type SEK1 (RAW/SEK1-WT). Treatment of kinase inactive SEK1 transfected RAW 264.7 cells (RAW/SEK1-Kl) with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO generating agent, significantly decreased the cell viability up to 20% of RAW control cells which were treated with the same amount of SNP. However, RAW/SEK1-WT cells were less susceptible to NO induced apoptosis. For a while, caspase-3 like activity in NO treated RAW/SEK1-Kl cells was significantly increased with parallell to apoptotic death rate. However, caspase1 like activity was not affected by NO in any transfectants. The NO induced apoptosis in RAW/SEK1-Kl cells was significantly prevented by the addition of caspase-3 like inhibitor (N-Ac- DEVD-CHO). In addition, the phosphotransferase activity of JNK1 in NO-treated RAW/SEK1-WT is significantly increased, but not in RAW/SEK1-Kl cells. These results suggest that SEK1 may play anti-apoptotic role in RAW cells from NO-induced apoptosis.
Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Death ; Cell Survival ; Clone Cells ; Macrophages ; Mortality ; Nitric Oxide* ; Nitroprusside ; Phosphotransferases ; Protein Kinases

The effect of topical steroid application on clinical results of 215 eyes(126 patients) performed with excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) from July 1993 to July 1994 was evaluated, postopertively. The range of myopia was between -2.5 and -11.5 diopter and followed for 9 months after PRK with Summit Omnimed(TM). Topical corticosteroid or non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) was not applied for one month after operation in all cases. After one month, in cases of 115 eyes showing myopic regression of more than -1 diopter or stromal haziness of more than grade 1(delayed steroid group; DSG), 0.1% fluorometholone was applied 4 times daily for 4 weeks, then tapered according to the planned schedule. 46.5% (100 eyes, non-steroid group;NSG) did not show the myopic regression nor stromal haziness without treatment of fluorometholone throughout the follow-up period. Uncorrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent and corneal haziness were evaluated 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36 week after operation. 73%(73 eyes) of NSG and 27%(30 eyes) of DSG showed a myopia less than 6.0 diopters preoperatively. The proportion of male was 36% in NSG and 50.4% in DSG. 88.1% of male high myopia(>6.0 diopters) needed 0.1% fluorometholone, while 17.6% of female moderate and mild myopia( Appointments and Schedules ; Female ; Fluorometholone ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lasers, Excimer* ; Male ; Myopia ; Photorefractive Keratectomy* ; Visual Acuity

Aplasia cutis congenita is a rare disorder characterized by localized or generalized absence of skin at birth. The various hypothesis and classification are proposed. Type V in Frieden's classification, which is associated with fetus papyraceus or placental infarcts, occurs as a large cutaneous defect on the trunk and extremities. We experienced the patient had skin defect affecting the lower abdomen symmetrically, with no family history of the any disorders or chromosomal anomalies and associated anomalies. A twin fetus was died in utero. We report a case of aplasia cutis congenita associated with fetus papyraceus with the review of the associated literatures.
Abdomen ; Classification ; Ectodermal Dysplasia* ; Extremities ; Fetus ; Humans ; Parturition ; Skin ; Twins

No abstract available.
Eosinophil Cationic Protein* ; Eosinophils* ; Rhinitis*

No abstract available.
alpha-Fetoproteins ; Common Bile Duct* ; Endoderm* ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor*

No abstract available.
Lymphomatoid Papulosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Tuberculosis*

No abstract available.
Lymphomatoid Papulosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Tuberculosis*

No abstract available.
Hyperthyroidism*

No abstract available.
Doxorubicin* ; Drug Therapy* ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma*

The antibacterial activity of 11 domestic topical antibiotic eye drops were examed by use of Reddish method, in vitro test. 5 clinical strains which were recovered as common pathogens of corneal ulcer, were inoculated into the diluted antibiotics added with 1% human serum, and 0.01 ml were plated for bacterial survival at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16. and 24 hours. Our result showed that gentamicin eye drops effective in Gram negative strains and penicil-line and cefazoline eye drops were effective in Gram positive strains. These results indicated that gentamicin and cefzolin eye drops in combination would be covered the common ocular pathogenic bacteria.
Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Bacteria ; Cefazolin ; Corneal Ulcer ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; Ophthalmic Solutions