We have studied the changing patterns of psychiatric consultation in a general hospital for 10 years . Results were as follows 1) The annual psychiatric consultation rate was 1.64%. 2) In age group, elderly patients above 60's had increasing tendency of consultation. 3) The referred patients from department of Internal medicine was the highest and ones from neurology department were increasing recently. 4) Most of the patients were consulted during the month of lune, f311owe4 by April, March and May. 5) The most frequent reason far their psychiatric consultation was psychiatric complaint without specific evidence of lab. data but physical problems. 6) In the psychiatric diagnoses of the consulted patients, organic mental disorders were the first, and depression was the second in order.
Aged ; Neurocognitive Disorders ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Hospitals, General* ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Neurology ; Referral and Consultation*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Capsaicin* ; Goblet Cells* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Anemia, Aplastic* ; Pregnancy*

BACKGROUND: In diagnosis or monitor of the airway obstruction in bronchial asthma, the measurement of FEV1 in the standard method because of its reproducibility and accuracy. But the measurement of peak expiratory flow(PEF) by peak flow meter is much simpler and easier than that of FEV1 especially in children. Yet there have been still no data of the predicted normal values of PEF measured by peak flow meter in Korean children. This study was conducted to provide equations to predict the normal value of PEF and correlation between PEF and FEV1 in healthy children. METHOD: PEF was measured by MiniWright peak flow meter, and the forced expiratory volume and the maximum expiratory flow volume curves were measured by Microspiro HI 501(Chest Co.) in 346 healthy children (age:5-16 years, 194 boys and 152 girls) without any respiratory symptoms during 2 weeks before the study. The regression equations for various ventilatory parameters according to age and/or height, and the regression equations of FEV1 by PEF were derived. RESULTS: 1. The regression equation for PEF(L/min) was:12.6×age(year)+3.4×height(cm)-263(R2=0.85) in boys, and 6×age(year)+3.9×height(cm)-293(R2=0.82) in girls. 2. The value of FEFmax(L/sec) derived from the maximum expiratory flow volume curves was multiplied by 60 to compare with PEF(L/min), and PEF was faster by 125 L/min in boys and 118 L/min in girls, respectively. 3. The regression equation for FEV1(ml) by PEF(L/min) was:7×PEF-550(R2=0.82) in boys, and 5.8×PEF-146(R2=0.81) in girls, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study provides regression equations predicting the normal values of PEF by age and/or height in children. And the equations for FEV1, a gold standard of ventilatory function, was predicted by PEF. So, in taking care of children with airway obstruction, PEF measured by the peak flow meter can provide useful information.
Airway Obstruction ; Asthma ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Reference Values

PURPOSE: Bronchial asthma is a disorder that is characteized by symptoms of reversible airway obstruction and increased responsiveness of the bronchus and to quantify the degree of br onchial hyperresponsivenes can be very helpful in determing the severity of disease and the prognosis. But the Methacholine provocation test is not always easy to be performed in all patients. Thus we designed this trial to know the relationship between the degree of bronchial hype rresponsiveness by Methacholine and the severity of asthma symptoms, pulmonary function te st and atopic findings. METHODS: Methacholine provocation test was performed on 60 clinically stable asthma patients who visited the pediatric allergy clinic of Taegu Fatima Hospital from July, 1992 to June, 1 993. All patients were free of URI for at least 6 weeks and medications were withhold for 2 weeks for corticosteroid or beta receptor agonist and at least 2 days for theophylline. All subjects ha d FEV1 more than 70% of predicted value, and more than 20% of reversible obstruction. Disease severity score(DSS) was compared by the number of asthmatic attacts, clinical picture, therapeutic medications and the Airway reactivity score(ARS) was measured on the number of nonspecipic irritants provoking the bronchial hyperresponsivess. Methacholine provocation test was performed as follows; Normal saline was inhaled 5 times by tidal breath through De Vilbiss 646 inhaler and FEV1 was measured as baseline. According to Chai standardized method, Mathacholine was diluted to 0.075-25mg/ml concentration and inhaled 5 times and accumulated Methacholine was graded 0.375-225.0 Breath Units(One BU = 1 inhalation of 1 mg/ml). PD20 was determined to the concentration at which the FEV1 faIled to 20% below the baseline. RESULTS: 1) PD20 were distributed variably between 0.375 BU and 225.0 BU 2) Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was high on asthma with allergic rhinitis(p<0.05). 3) Bronchial hyperresponsiveness by Methacholine provocation test had significant correlation both DSS(r= -0.473; p<0.01) and ARS(r= -0.32; p<0.05). 4) Bronchial hyperresponsiveness by Methacholine provocation test had significant correlation to baseline FEV1/FVC ratio(r= -0.63; p<0.01). 5) Bronchial hyperresponsiveness by Methacholine provocation test had no statistical significant correlation to serum IgE value(r= -0.24; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The severity of bronchial hyperresponsiveness by Methacholine provocation t est had significant correlation with DSS and ARS, and there was a close relation BHR to the baseline FEV1/FVC1 ratio too. Thus exact history about clinical pictures, medications, provocating irritants in asthmatic patients and baseline FEV1/FVC ratio can be very helpful in assessing the bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
Airway Obstruction ; Asthma* ; Bronchi ; Daegu ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin E ; Inhalation ; Irritants ; Methacholine Chloride* ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Prognosis ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Theophylline

In this article, The author's name and Table 1 should be corrected.

OBJECT: The nonstress test(NST) and complete biophysical profile(BPP) were compared with the rapid biophysical profile(BPP) in order to evaluate the efficacy of the rapid BPP, namely, the combination of amniotic fluid index(AFI) and sound-provoked fetal movement(SPFM) detected by ultrasound, in predicting intrapartum fetal distress in high-risk pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN: From JAN 9th 2000, through JAN 5th 2001, the prospective study of diagnostic tests was conducted on a total of 91 high-risk singleton pregnancies, undergoing antepartum assessment both the standard NST and the new rapid BPP(including other indices of complete BPP). The diagnostic indices of the NST, rapid BPP and complete BPP were calculated in term of predicting intrapartum fetal distress. RESULT: The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of NST were 50.00, 94.81, 96.05, and 42.86% respectively, and those of rapid BPP were 75.00, 98.53, 98.53, and 75.00%, and those of complete BPP were 83.33, 98.72, 98.72, and 83.33%, as well. In addition, the efficiency of NST, rapid BPP, and complete BPP were 91.57%, 97.22% and 97.62% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The rapid BPP is an effective and reliable predictor of intrapartum fetal distress with high-risk pregnancies. Moreover, it may be inexpensive and less time-consuming method.
Amniotic Fluid ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Female ; Fetal Distress ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, High-Risk ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography

Anatomical shape of the mandibular ramus, which includes the area from the rear of the mandibular second molar to the mandibular posterior border and from the mandibular sigmoid notch to the inferior mandibular border, must be carefully considered to perform orthognathic surgery. The locations of the lingula and mandibular foramen in medial side of mandibular ramus are one of the most important factors to decide the location of the horizontal medial osteotomy in sagittal split ramus osteotomy and to select the line of vertical osteotomy in intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy. Sixty-five different Korean human dry mandibles were surveyed. All mandible have permanent dentition including complete eruption of the mandibular second molar. The locations of the lingula and mandibular foramen in medial side of the ramus were identified and following results were obtained. Anterior ramal horizontal distance from lingula was 16.13+/-3.53mm(range:8.6~24.3mm), anterior ramal horizontal distance from mandibular foramen was 23.91+/-4.79mm(range: 14.1~39.7mm), horizontal width of mandibular foramen was 2.79+/-0.95mm(range: 1.5 ~6.1mm), height of lingula was 10.51+/-3.84mm(range: 3.1~22.4mm), vertical distance from sigmoid notch to lingula was 19.82+/-5.11mm(range: 9.1~35.3mm). From this study, the result could be used to select the location of osteotomy lines and to decide amount of periosteal elevation to avoid injury of neurovascular bundle, and to accomplish the appropriate split in Korean patients in mandibular orthognathic surgery.
Colon, Sigmoid ; Dentition, Permanent ; Humans ; Mandible ; Molar ; Orthognathic Surgery* ; Osteotomy ; Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus

Moyamoya disease is a rare progressive cerebrovascular disorder caused by blocked arteries at the base of the brain in an area called the basal ganglia. The etiology and pathogenesis are unknown. Clinically, this disease is found with a higher incidence in young female, but there are few cases of moyamoya disease in pregnancy. The disease primarily affects children, but it can also occur in adults. in children. The first symptom of moyamoya disease is often stroke, or recurrent transient ischemic attack, frequently accompanied by muscular weakness or paralysis affecting one side of the body, or seizures. Adults most often experience a hemorrhagic stroke due to recurring blood clots in the affected brain vessels. The diagnosis of moyamoya disease is made on the basis of angiographic findings and threatment of Moyamoya disease is surgery, or conservative management. We report a case of moyamoya disease that presented as intracerebral hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage during pregnancy complicating severe preeclampsia.
Adult ; Arteries ; Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; Moyamoya Disease* ; Muscle Weakness ; Paralysis ; Pre-Eclampsia* ; Pregnancy ; Seizures ; Stroke

Moyamoya disease is a rare progressive cerebrovascular disorder caused by blocked arteries at the base of the brain in an area called the basal ganglia. The etiology and pathogenesis are unknown. Clinically, this disease is found with a higher incidence in young female, but there are few cases of moyamoya disease in pregnancy. The disease primarily affects children, but it can also occur in adults. in children. The first symptom of moyamoya disease is often stroke, or recurrent transient ischemic attack, frequently accompanied by muscular weakness or paralysis affecting one side of the body, or seizures. Adults most often experience a hemorrhagic stroke due to recurring blood clots in the affected brain vessels. The diagnosis of moyamoya disease is made on the basis of angiographic findings and threatment of Moyamoya disease is surgery, or conservative management. We report a case of moyamoya disease that presented as intracerebral hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage during pregnancy complicating severe preeclampsia.
Adult ; Arteries ; Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; Moyamoya Disease* ; Muscle Weakness ; Paralysis ; Pre-Eclampsia* ; Pregnancy ; Seizures ; Stroke