Supernumerary tooth, named mesodens, occur between the maxillary central incisors are generally found in pairs, although it is sometimes found singly. An inverted mesiodens may move toward the nasal cavity and erupt in the floor of the nose. Approximately 90% of all supernumerary tooth usually appear in the area of the maxilla, where they disrupt the position and eruption of normal teeth. A supernumerary tooth may closely resemble the teeth of the group to which it belongs, i.e., molars, premolars or anterior teeth.
Bicuspid ; Incisor ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Nasal Cavity* ; Nose ; Tooth ; Tooth, Supernumerary*

Tympanic membrane perforations are frequently encountered diseases and can be treated with several different methods, induding tympanoplasty with tympanic membrane grafting which requires more profound techniques and clinical care. A fat graft myringoplasty is a cost-effective techniquc managing small tympanic membrane perforations and is used when challenged by a myringoplasty failure, or following tympanostomy tube extrusion. It involves wedging a piece of fat from the ear lobule into the perforation with local anesthesia in a one-day-stay procedure. This study demonstrates the efficacy of this method in a persistent small tympanic membrane perforation.
Anesthesia, Local ; Ear ; Middle Ear Ventilation ; Myringoplasty* ; Transplants* ; Tympanic Membrane ; Tympanic Membrane Perforation ; Tympanoplasty

PURPOSE: Lentinus edodes is used in both foods and drugs, and is also known to be an antioxidant agent. Some investigators have noted that renal scarring following pyelonephritis is closely related to inflammation or free oxygen radicals, rather than to direct injury due to bacterial infection. The efficiency of the antioxidant agent, lentinus edodes, in preventing the renal scarring caused by experimental pyelonephritis was evaluated in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty eight male Sprague Dawley rats (n=28) were injected into both renal parenchyma with 0.1ml of a solution containing Escherichia coli (10(8)/ml). The control group, consisting of 4 rats, received an injection of isotonic saline instead of the bacterial solution. Three days after surgery, the animals were given the following treatments: in the pyelonephritis group, 7 rats received isotonic saline for 5 days; in the antibiotics treatment group, 6 rats were treated with an antibiotic only, ciprofloxacin, for 5 days. In the lentinus edodes treatment group, 5 rats were treated with lentinus edodes only. In the combined group, 6 rats received both lentinus edodes and ciprofloxacin. The kidneys were harvested 6 weeks after infection, and histopathologically examined for renal scarring. RESULTS: Delayed treatment with antibiotics-only or lentinus edodes-only had no effect on the scarring compared with the untreated controls. However, the addition of lentinus edodes to the delayed antibiotic therapy significantly inhibited the renal scarring compared with the pyelonephritis, antibiotic-only treated and the lentinus edodes-only treated groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The administration of lentinus edodes in combination with antibiotics significantly reduced the renal scar formation in pyelonephritis.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Infections ; Cicatrix* ; Ciprofloxacin ; Escherichia coli ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Kidney ; Lentinula* ; Male ; Pyelonephritis* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Research Personnel ; Shiitake Mushrooms*

No abstract available.
Hypopituitarism*

Turner syndrome (TS) is a genetic disorder in phenotypic females that has characteristic physical features and presents as partial or complete absence of the second sex chromosome. Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a condition caused by insufficient release of growth hormone from the pituitary gland. The concomitant occurrence of TS and GHD is rare and has not yet been reported in Korea. Here we report 2 cases of TS and GHD. In case 1, GHD was initially diagnosed. Karyotyping was performed because of the presence of the typical phenotype and poor response to growth hormone therapy, which revealed 45,X/45,X+mar. The patient showed increased growth velocity after the growth hormone dose was increased. In case 2, a growth hormone provocation test and chromosomal analysis were performed simultaneously because of decreased growth velocity and the typical TS phenotype, which showed GHD and a mosaic karyotype of 45,X/46,XX. The patient showed spontaneous pubertal development. In female patients with short stature, it is important to perform a throughout physical examination and test for hormonal and chromosomal abnormalities because diagnostic accuracy is important for treatment and prognosis.
Chromosome Aberrations ; Female ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Karyotyping ; Korea ; Phenotype ; Physical Examination ; Pituitary Gland ; Prognosis ; Sex Chromosomes ; Turner Syndrome*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is the choice of paranasal sinus surgery, hut its major complication (blindness, CNS trauma) can occur because of the dysharmony between preoperative CT images and perioperative endoscopic findings. Recently, Computer Aided Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (CAESS) reduced complications dramatically and the preoperative images of the surgical field of bony structures match exactly with the perioperative findings. We wanted to find ways to visualize the surgical anatomy and to operate exactly in the key area (frontal recess, natural osteum, sphenoid sinus) with CAESS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients (30 patients without history of sinus surgery and 10 returning patients who had history of sinus surgery) with nasal polyp were included for the study. Preoperative coronal CT and axial CT were checked. The first operation was classical ESS, the second operation was CAESS, and we compared the accuracy between them. RESULTS: Of 60 patients with nasal polyp, 45 (75%) were identified with frontal recess, 52 (87%) were identified with natural osteum, and 52 (87fo) were identified with sphenoid sinus. Of the patients returning for surgery (N=20), 9 (45%), 14 (70%), 11 (55%) were identified with Frontal recess, natural osteum, sphenoid sinus, respectively. When CAFSS was used, all key areas were identified. CONCLUSION: Frontal recess is the most difficult site to identify during ESS, and CAESS is very useful in cases which show distorted normal anatomy during frontal recess and sphenoid sinus operation.
Endoscopes ; Humans ; Nasal Polyps ; Sphenoid Sinus

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The tongue acts as a swallowing moderator, articulator and resonance maker. The tongue may also affect voice production. Authors tried to determine the relationship between the tongue position and voice changes, MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty normal subjects (male : female is 23: 27, Group A) between the ages of 20 and 30 years, and 40 subjects (male : female is 20: 28, Group B) with abnormal position of tongue (eg. ankyloglossia) between the ages of 20 and 40 years participated in this study. Subjects were asked about the history of hyperfunctional laryngeal disorders, such as, voice fatigue, frequent voice changes, odynophonia and globus symptoms. Afterwards, we made sure whether the tongue protruded over the lower lip, whether the tip had dimple shape when subject protruded the tongue, whether examiners grasped the tongue easily during laryngeal examination, and whether examiners could see the larynx easily during laryngeal examination or not. At last, concomitant laryngeal disorders were evaluated. RESULTS: The symptoms of hyperfunctional laryngeal disorders were more frequent in the group B. Abnormal tongue movements and functional laryngeal disorders were also more frequent in the group B. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that limited tongue movements may affect voice changes.
Deglutition ; Dental Articulators ; Female ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Larynx ; Lip ; Tongue* ; Voice Disorders ; Voice*

The effectiveness of below-the-knee (BTK) percutaneous transluminal angioplasty to obtain successful revascularization in patients with critical limb ischemia has been well established, and many of these patients with chronic lower-extremity disease have been treated by endovascular intervention as the firstline treatment. Dorsal-plantaer loop technique is one of the new BTK interventional techiniques, and includes recanalization of both pedal and plantar arteries and their anatomical anastomoses. This method generally needs two approaches simultaneously, including antegrade and retrograde. In this report, however, we describe a case in which dorsal-plantar loop technique with only one antegrade approach, using chronic total occlusion devices via anterior tibial artery, was used to successfully recanalize BTK arteries. We think that this new technique, which may represent a safe and feasible endovascular option to avoid more invasive, time-consuming, and riskier surgical procedures, especially in end-stage renal disease and diabetes, should be considered whenever the foot is at risk, and results of above-the-ankle percutaneous transluminal angioplasty remain unsatisfactory or insufficient to achieve limb salvage.
Angioplasty, Balloon/*methods ; Diabetic Foot/*therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/*therapy ; *Tibial Arteries

PURPOSE: Currently, insufficient data exist to evaluate the relationship between angiographic late loss (LL) and long-term clinical outcome after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. In this study, we hypothesized that angiographic LL between 0.3 and 0.6 mm correlate with favorable long-term clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients were enrolled in the present study if they had undergone both DES implantation in single coronary vessel and a subsequent follow-up angiogram (n=634). These individuals were then subdivided into three groups based on their relative angiographic LL: group I (angiographic LL <0.3 mm, n=378), group II (angiographic LL between 0.3 and 0.6 mm, n=124), and group III (angiographic LL >0.6 mm, n=134). During a 5-year follow-up period, all subjects were tracked for critical events, defined as any cause of death or myocardial infarction, which were then compared among the three groups. RESULTS: Mean follow-up duration was 63.0+/-10.0 months. Critical events occurred in 25 subjects in group I (6.6%), 5 in group II (4.0%), and 17 in group III (12.7%), (p=0.020; group I vs. group II, p=0.293; group II vs. group III, p=0.013). In a subsequent multivariate logistic regression analysis, chronic renal failure [odds ratio (OR)=3.29, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.48-7.31, p=0.003] and long lesion length, defined as lesion length >28 mm (OR=1.88, 95% CI: 1.02-3.46, p=0.042) were independent predictors of long-term critical events. CONCLUSION: This retrospective analysis fails to demonstrate that post-DES implantation angiographic LL between 0.3 and 0.6 mm is protective against future critical events.
Adult ; Aged ; Angiography/*methods ; Coronary Artery Disease/*surgery ; Coronary Vessels/surgery ; *Drug-Eluting Stents ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/methods ; Prosthesis Failure ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

Ocular setariases of cattle were reported but those of equine hosts have never been reported in the Republic of Korea (Korea). We found motile worms in the aqueous humor of 15 horses (Equus spp.) from 12 localities in southern parts of Korea between January 2004 and November 2017. After the affected animals were properly restrained under sedation and local anesthesia, 10 ml disposable syringe with a 16-gauge needle was inserted into the anterior chamber of the affected eye to successfully remove the parasites. The male worm that was found in 7 of the cases showed a pair of lateral appendages near the posterior terminal end of the body. The papillar arrangement was 3 pairs of precloacal, a pair of adcloacal, and 3 pairs of postcloacal papillae, plus a central papilla just in front of the cloaca. The female worms found in the eyes of 8 horses were characterized by the tapering posterior terminal end of the body with a smooth knob. Worms were all identified as Setaria digitata (von Linstow, 1906) by the morphologic characteristics using light and electron microscopic observations. This is the first blindness cases of 15 horses infected with S. digitata (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in Korea.
Anesthesia, Local ; Animals ; Anterior Chamber ; Aqueous Humor ; Blindness* ; Cattle ; Cloaca ; Female ; Horses* ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Needles ; Parasites ; Republic of Korea* ; Setariasis ; Syringes