Phosphoinositide-specific Phospholipase C (PI-PLC) is a second messenger of signal transducer on cell membrane. In the previous study, PLC of bovine brain has been purified three isozymes. In this paper, uterus and seminal vesicle have been purified. Two peaks of PI-PLC activity were resolved when bovine uterus and seminal vesicle proteins were chromatographed on a DEAE and phenyl TSK 5PW HPLC column. Each two peak was compared with PI-PLC I, II and III from bovine brain and we got the retention time on HPLC. The peak fractions with PLC activity were tested homogeneity with brain PLC monoclonal antibodies (Mab). Mab-labeled affigels were bounded in the range of 73.8%~97.5% with PLC I, II and III. Homogeneity of fractions were revealed that DEAE F-1 and phenyl F-1-I were highest level of PLC III in uterus and seminal vesicle and DEAE F-2 and phenyl F-2-I were mixed PLC I and II.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Brain* ; Cell Membrane ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Isoenzymes* ; Phospholipases* ; Second Messenger Systems ; Seminal Vesicle Secretory Proteins ; Seminal Vesicles* ; Transducers ; Type C Phospholipases* ; Uterus*

No abstract available.
Female ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal*

No abstract available.

Sleep problems and diabetes mellitus are increasing in prevalence. Although it is unclear if they are related, a number of related studies implicate such a relationship. A number of related studies implicate such a relationship. In this review, the significance of sleep in diabetes mellitus will be reviewed by summarizing the relationships between sleep, circadian rhythm, sleep disorders, and diabetes mellitus. Also, the mechanisms of influence will be reviewed. In addition, although the relationship between sleep and diabetes mellitus mainly has focused on type 2 diabetes mellitus, this review also summarizes the relationship between type 1 diabetes mellitus and sleep. In clinical practice, sleep problems have not been emphasized in management or prevention of diabetes mellitus. Considering their close relationship and impact on prognosis, mental health and physical health study will need to be integrated for treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus.

Pharmacogenetics is used in psychiatry to predict the effects and side effects of psychotropic drugs. As most mental disorders have complex causes and unpredictable outcomes, personalized treatment using pharmacogenomics would be a useful method. However, pharmacogenetic studies in psychiatry have yielded insignificant results thus far, making their clinical application extremely limited. Early testing, prediction of drug side effects, and drug compliance will be discussed as considerations for the effectiveness of the pharmacogenetic test in psychiatry. Although pharmacogenetic tests in psychiatry do not yet have high sensitivity and specificity, they may be useful in the future for predicting clinical prognosis or developing novel drug treatments. As a result, the authors summarized the current state and prospects of pharmacogenetics in psychiatry in this review.

PURPOSE: We compared the efficacies of intravesical instillation of the mitomycin (MMC), Pasteur bacillus Carmette-Guerin (B.C.G.)(PBCG) and Tice B.C.G (TBCG) in patients with high risk superficial transitional cell carcinoma of bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study included 49 patients with the stage T1 and the stage Ta with recurrent, grade 3, multiple or greater than 3 cm sized tumor. After complete transurethral resection of all visible tumors, 11 out of them were treated intravesically with 40 mg mitomycin C once a week for 8 consecutive weeks, 21 with 8~15 x 10(6) colony-forming units (CFU) Pasteur BCG and 17 with 2~8 x 10(8) CFU Tice BCG once a week for 6 consecutive weeks. RESULTS: The mean followup periods were 51.6 months for MMC group, 33 months for PBCG group and 17.8 months for TBCG group. The overall recurrence rates were 72.7% for MMC group, 38% for PBCG group and 17.6% for TBCG group (p=0.014). The mean times for recurrence were 8.1 months for MMC group, 9.7 months for PBCG group and 13.3 months for TBCG group (p=0.610). The tumor progression rates in each group were following, 3/11 (27%) for the MMC group, 2/21 (9.5%) for the PBCG group and 1/17 (5.9%) for the TBCG group (p>0.05). The difference in recurrence free survival rates between MMC group and PBCG group and between TBCG group and PBCG group was not significant (p>0.05). The difference in recurrence free survival rates between MMC group and TBCG group was significant (p=0.0012). CONCLUSIONS: Our result showed that TBCG group was superior to the others in recurrence rate and recurrence free survival rate, but further study including longterm followup and various HCG instillation dosage Is needed In order to confirm the preventive efficacy of BCG according to strain in superficial bladder tumor.
Administration, Intravesical ; Bacillus ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mitomycin* ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Recurrence ; Stem Cells ; Survival Rate ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Metalloproteases ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms

Giant cell myocarditis(GCM) is a rare inflammatory heart disease which is characterized by multinucleated giant cells and a granulomatous reaction. It usually progresses rapidly and results in a fatal course. We report a patient with giant cell myocarditis who was treated by cardiac transplantation. A 35-year-old male was admitted with dyspnea which had developed 4 months before. On echocardiography, the right and left ventricles were markedly dilated and severe global hypokinesia was noted. He was diagosed with dilated cardiomyopathy with secondary severe mitral regurgitation. His cardiac function deteriorated progressively. He underwent orthotopic heart transplantation. Grossly the heart was enlarged, weighing 420gm and round with a blunt apex. Both right and left ventricles were markedly dilated. There were numerous white patches, measuring up to 4cm, throughout the epi- and myocardium. Microscopically, extensive fibrosis and multiple exuberant granulomas with numerous scattered multinucleated giant cells were seen. Lymphocytes and eosinophils were also frequent. Coronary arteries were unremarkable. Neither microorganisms nor foreign materials were found. By serial endomyocardial biopsies of the transplanted heart, only mild perivascular lymphocytic infiltration was occasionally observed without any evidence of rejection or recurrence of giant cell myocarditis. The patient's postoperative course has been uneventful so far(postoperative 21 months). The etiology of GCM remains to be clarified, although various factors are suspected. No matter what the cause, our experience suggests that this grave disease might be treated well by heart transplantation.
Male ; Humans ; Biopsy

PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of automated computer aided volumetry for simulated small pulmonary nodules at computed tomography using various types of phantoms MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three sets of synthetic nodules (small, calcified and those adjacent to vessels) were studied. The volume of the nodules in each set was already known, and using multi-slice CT, volumetric data for each nodule was acquired from the three-dimensional reconstructed image. The volume was calculated by applying three different threshold values using Rapidia(R) software (3D-Med, Seoul, Korea). RESULTS: Relative errors in the measured volume of synthetic pulmonary nodules were 17.3, 2.9, and 11.5% at -200, -400, and -600 HU, respectively, and there was good correlation between true volume and measured volume at -400 HU (r=0.96, p<0.001). For calcified nodules, relative errors in measured volume were 10.9, 5.3, and 16.5% at -200, -400, and -600 HU, respectively, and there was good correlation between true volume and measured volume at -400 HU (r=1.03, p<0.001). In cases involving synthetic nodules adjacent to vessels, relative errors were 4.6, 16.3, and 31.2 % at -200, -400, and -600 HU, respectively. There was good correlation between true volume and measured volume at -200 HU (r=1.1, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Using computer-aided volumetry, the measured volumes of synthetic nodules correlated closely with their true volume. Measured volumes were the same at each threshold level, regardless of window setting.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Seoul

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify ethical climate factors in hospitals and analyze their influence on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. METHODS: A convenience sample of 196 nurses from one national university hospital in J city participated in this descriptive study survey. Instruments included the Ethical Climate Questionnaire, Job Satisfaction Scale, and Organizational Commitment Scale. Cronbach's alpha and factor analysis were done to test reliability and construct validity of the scales. Data were collected from March 15 to March 25, 2013 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 18.0. RESULTS: Seven ethical climate factors were identified; laws and professional codes, social responsibility, company rules and procedures, self-interest, personal morality, efficiency, and friendship. Factors influencing job satisfaction were friendship (beta=.25), social responsibility (beta=.20), laws and professional codes (beta=.20), and educational level (beta=.27), explaining 37.6% of variance in job satisfaction. Factors influencing organizational commitment included social responsibility (beta=.29), friendship (beta=.27), laws and professional codes (beta=.23), and age (beta=.19), with explanatory power of 44.6%. CONCLUSION: Results can be used as preliminary data for developing new strategies to establish positive ethical climates in hospital environments and thus enhance nurses' job satisfaction and organizational commitment.
Climate ; Friends ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Jurisprudence ; Morals ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Social Responsibility ; Weights and Measures