No abstract available.
Macrophages* ; Phospholipases A2* ; Phospholipases* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha*

BACKGROUND: The acute effect, of ethanol (EOH) include lowered blood pressure through peripheral vasodilation and decreased circulating blood volume. This study was aimed at examing the effects of EOH on the hemodynamic response to up and down head tilts. METHODS: Ten 21 to 23 year old male adults served as subjects. Each subject participated in both control and EOH experiments. In the EOH experiment, 3 mls of 25% EOH per liter of total body water was administered orally, 35 min were allowed for the blood EOH level to reach maximum before the tilt protocol was initiated. The tilt protocol consisted of 5 stages, each stage was 3-min in duration : supine (0 degrees)-head down tilt (HDT, 15 degrees)-supine (0 degrees)-head up tilt (HUT, 25 degrees)-supine (0 degrees). Hemodynamic parameters were measured with an impedance cardiograph (NCCOM3-R7, BoMed) with two electrodes placed around the neck and two around the thorax. Blood pressure (BP) was measured with an automatic sphygmomanometer (DATEX). Data was collected during every second half-minute throughout the duration of the protocol. RESULTS: In the control, HDT produced an increase in the end-diastolic index (EDI), the stroke index (SI), the cardiac index (CI), and the peak flow index (PFI) ; there were no significant changes in heart rate (HR), the systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), and BP. In contrast, HUT resulted in a decrease in EDI, SI, EF, CI, and PFI and an increase in HR, SVRI, and BP ; the latter changes sugges a sympathetic overactivation. In the EOH experiment, the basal EDI, SI, and systolic BP were lower and HR was higher than in control. HDT and HUT caused similar changes as in control experiments. CONCLUSIONS: There results indicate that EOH cause volume depletion to result in reduced central blood volume and compensatory tachycardia. These EOH-induced changes were not altered by 15 degreeshead-down and 25 degreeshead-up tilts.
Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Volume ; Body Water ; Cardiography, Impedance ; Eating* ; Electric Impedance ; Electrodes ; Ethanol* ; Gravitation ; Head ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Male ; Neck ; Sphygmomanometers ; Stroke ; Tachycardia ; Thorax ; Vascular Resistance ; Vasodilation ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine the relationship between binocular function and the surgical outcome of intermittent exotropia. METHODS: The surgical outcome and binocular function were retrospectively investigated in 44 patients who had undergone surgery for intermittent exotropia with at least 6 months of post-operative follow-up. We evaluated visual acuity, age at operation, angle of exodeviation, fusional status with Worth-4-dot test and stereoacuity with Titmus test before and after surgery. RESULTS: A 'surgical success' defined as a final alignment of orthophoria, esotropia less than 5PD or exotropia less than 10PD at far primary position, was achieved in 31 patients (70%). The surgical outcome according to preoperative stereopsis and fusional status was not statistically significant. Whereas, there was a tendency toward more surgical success in patients with central fusion and the first postoperative day diplopia but statistically indifferent. There was an improvement of stereoacuity in 34 out of 44 patients after surgery. The fusional status was improved in 9 patients out of 44 patients. There was an improvement of postoperative binocular function regardless the surgical outcome. But the achievement of fine stereopsis below 100 seconds of arc and central fusion increased only in success group. CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative binocular function did not contribute significantly to the surgical outcome (p>0.05) and postoperative binocular function could be improved by surgical correction in both surgical success and failure group. But the better binocular function was achieved by successful surgical alignment.
Depth Perception ; Diplopia ; Esotropia ; Exotropia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Telescopes* ; Visual Acuity

BACKGROUND: This study was aimed to elucidate the effect of thiopental anesthesia on circulatory response to hemorrhage in rats by power spectral analysis of heart rate and blood pressure variability. METHODS: Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 350~475 g were divided into thiopental (50 mg/kg, ip)-anesthetized (T, n=10) and conscious (C, n=6) groups. Hemorrhage was induced with a withdrawal pump from the femoral artery at 3 ml/kg/min for 5 min. Arterial pressure was measured with a pressure transducer connected to the contralateral femoral artery for 5 min before, during and after hemorrhage. The blood pressure signal digitized at 500 Hz through a data acquisition system was analyzed with fast Fourier transform algorithm to yield power spectra of sytolic (SP) and diastolic (DP) blood pressure and instantaneous heart rate (HR). Powers of very low frequency (VLF, 0.02~0.26 Hz), low frequency (LF, 0.26~0.75 Hz) and high frequency (HF, 0.75~5.00 Hz) band were expressed as percent of total power. RESULTS: Before Hemorrhage blood pressure was lower in T (113 6/83 6 mmHg) than in C (157 4/101 2) rats, but was not changed by hemorrhage in both groups. Before Hemorrhage HR was lower in T (331 22 beats/min) than in C (378 27) rats. HR was significantly increased to 412 26 beats/min in C, but was not changed in T during hemorrhage. Total powers of Before Hemorrhage blood pressure and HR variability were lower in T than in C. During hemorrhage, total power of blood pressure variability tended to increase in both groups, and that of DP was significantly increased during hemorrhage in T. Total power of HR was significantly increased in C, but was not changed in T. T rats showed lower LF and higher HF power of blood pressure, and lower VLF and LF and higher HF power of HR than C rats. During hemorrhage, both groups showed no significant change in spectral distribution of HR power, except for a significant increase in LF of HR after hemorrhage in C. Spectral distribution of blood pressure power was not changed by hemorrhage in C. In T rats, VLF of DP was significantly increased and HF of DP was decreased during hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: It suggests that autonomic activity, especially cardiac sympathetic activity is increased in response to hemorrhage in C. Thiopental anesthesia depresses overall autonomic activity, especially sympathetic activity, and vasomotor tone. Hemorrhage under thiopental anesthesia induces depression of baroreceptor reflex activity, while increased levels of vasoconstrictor hormones help to maintain the blood pressure.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Baroreflex ; Blood Pressure* ; Depression ; Femoral Artery ; Fourier Analysis ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Male ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thiopental ; Transducers, Pressure

Histopathological changes under occulsive dressing with 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide cream, 0 025% fluocinolone acetonide cream, and 1% hydrocortisone cream were compared each other and with the changes following topical application of 5% ammoniated mercury ointment without occulsion in five cases of psoriasis vulgaris. 1) The earliest changes noticed were the diminution of the papillary edema, the appearence of the granular layer and the disappearence of parakeratosis. 2) A week after treatment, the remarkable changes revealed were the thinning of the epidermis, the diminution of acanthosis, papil]ary edema and cell infiltration of the upper dermis and the appearence of the granular layer. 3)The capillary dilatation remained unchanged even two weeks after treatment in all groups. 4) Among these drugs, the best respanse revealed was triamcinolone cream, the next was fluocinolone cream. The response of hydrocortisone cream was poorer than fluocinolone cream and ammoniated mercury ointment was even more poorer than hydrocortisone cream.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones* ; Bandages* ; Capillaries ; Dermis ; Dilatation ; Edema ; Epidermis ; Fluocinolone Acetonide ; Hydrocortisone ; Parakeratosis ; Psoriasis* ; Triamcinolone ; Triamcinolone Acetonide

The effects of muscle relaxants and intravenous anesthetics on intraocular pressure(IOP) were studied in 40 patients ranging in age from 12~63 years and undergoning elective non-ophthalmic surgery. IOP was measured with the PErkins Applanation Tonometer before induction, 1 minute and 2 minutes after intravenous anesthesia, 1 minute after succinylcholine and 1 minute after intubation. The patients were divided into 4 groups: thiopental+succinylcholine+intubation (group A, control group) : pnacuronium pretreatment+thiopental+succinylcholine+intubation (group B): ketamine+succinylcholine+intubation (group C): and, pancuronium+ketamine+succinylcholine+intubation(group D). The results were as follows: 1) In group A, IOP changes following thiopental (5mg/kg) administration showed a highly significant decrease (p<0.01) after 1 minute and significant decrease(p<0.05) after 2 minutes compared with the control value. In group B, IOP changes following thiopental admistration decreased significantly(p<0.05) after 1 minute and 2 minutes compared with the control value. 2) The IOP changes following ketamine(2mg/kg) administration in group C and D showed mild increases or decreases and were not statiscally significant(p>0.05). 3)IOP changes after 1 minute following succinylcholine(1mg/kg) administration showed significant increases(p<0.05) in group A, C and highly significant increases(p<0.01) in group D. IOP changes after 1 minute of endotracheal intubation showed highly significant increases (p<0.01) compared with the control value in group A, C and D. 4) Pretreatment with a mondepolarizing muscle reaxant could not prevent the increase in IOP following succinylcholine administration.
Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Anesthetics, Intravenous* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental

We evaluate the effects of diltiazem in 19 patients with ischemic heart disease (15 patients) of classical anginal pectoris & 4 patients of variant angina) by means of clinical status & electrocardiographic changes and obtain the results as follows: 1. The pulse rate & blood pressure were decreased by diltiazem slightly but these decreases were not significant in statistical meaning. 2. Diltiazem administration of 4 weeks duration normalized EKG completely in 4 patients & partially in 3 patients among the 13 patients who showed abnormal resting EKG initially. 3. All 19 patients who received diltiazem showed clinical improvement; 9 patients had excellent responses, 7 patients good responses & 3 patients fair responses. 4. Diltiazem had side effects in 3 patients, drowsiness, mild euphoria & possibly tolerance respectively in each patients.
Angina Pectoris* ; Blood Pressure ; Diltiazem ; Electrocardiography ; Euphoria ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Sleep Stages

Carcinosarcoma is an uncommon pulmonary malignancy characterized by carcinomatous parenchyma and sarcomatous stroma. The cytologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of a case of pulmonary carcinosarcoma suspected by fine needle aspiration cytology is presented. Only bizarre spindle cells arranged in loose groups, in microtissue fragments and in a dissociate fashion were present in the aspiration smears. They were markedly positive for vimentin. The epithelial component was not found, which was probably due to marked paucity of carcinomatous component that was proved by histologic examination of the resected tumor. The diagnosis of pulmonary carcinosarcoma should be considered whenever poorly differentiated epithelial cell groups with a malignant mesenchymal component set in a myxoid background are seen in a pulmonary cytology specimen.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Carcinosarcoma* ; Diagnosis ; Epithelial Cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Vimentin

Caudal anesthesia appears to be a safe and reliable technique for surgical anesthesia as well as an alternative to narcotics for postoperative analgesia for procedure below umbilicus. From January 1990 to December 1992, we examined the trend and distribution of the 1038 cases of caudal anesthesia retrospectively according to year, age, surgieal department, type of operation, operation time, local anesthetics and suecess rate. Annual numbers of caudal anesthesia increased with years and the first decade of life was the greatest number. The most common department and operation time were general surgery and 30~60 minutes. 2% or 1% lidocaine with epinephrine was the major local anesthetics used during caudal anesthesia and overall success rate was 95.5%.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Caudal* ; Anesthesia, Conduction ; Anesthetics, Local ; Epinephrine ; Lidocaine ; Narcotics ; Retrospective Studies ; Umbilicus

Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia(PCA) is gaining wide spread popularity in management of post-operative pain maintaining an effective blood concentrations of analgesics. We studied 48 patients, ASA class I or II, undergoing obstetric or gynecologic surgery under general anesthesia. We examined postoperative pain control level, patients satisfaction and side effects associated with the use of morphine and Baxter infusor. Each patient received 0.1 mg/kg as a loading dose and 0.0125 mg/kg/hr of morphine as maintenance dose. A unit was fitted with patient control module which had a flow rate of 0.5ml/hr and lockout interval was 15 minutes. Results were as follow. Pain scores were 1.88+/-0.81(first day), 1.31+/-0.71(second day). Visual analogue scales were 4.40+/-2.06(first day), 3.40+/-1.71(second day). 41 out of 48 patients in total were satisfied but nausea, dizziness or pruritus was noted. We recommend the use of PCA with morphine after surgery to improve post-operative pain because it provides adequate pain relief and a few side effects with high patients satisfaction.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled* ; Analgesics ; Anesthesia, General ; Dizziness ; Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures* ; Humans ; Infusion Pumps ; Morphine* ; Nausea ; Pain, Postoperative ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Pruritus ; Weights and Measures