Since introduction of venous flap in 1980, many experimental studies and clinical applications of various kinds of venous flaps were reported. Venous flap has the following advantages : (1) nonbulky and goo-quality of flap (2) long & large vascular pedicle (3) easy & rapid elevation of flap (4) no sacrifice of major arteries (5) a single operative field. But, we also have some disadvantages of difficult handling of the pliable veins and the tmcertainty of flap survival. For the better result we had to design the size of the flap larger than that of defect and increase the number of draining vein to reduce the postoperative edema of the flap. We have treated the defects of soft tissue of the hand using free arterialized venous flap from the flexor aspect of the forearm & had an excellent results.
Arteries ; Edema ; Forearm ; Hand* ; Veins ; Wounds and Injuries*

Medulloepithelioma(diktyoma) is a uncommon congenital tumor that is generally believed to arise from the embryonic neuroepithelium of the medullary tube. This tumor usually arises from the ciliary body epithelium. But medulloepitheliomas of the retina and optic nerve may also occur, although it is extremely rare, because the embryonal medullary epithelium that lines the optic vesicle is continuous with the epithelium lining the cavity of the optic nerve during the early embryonal period. The occurrence of medulloepithelioma of the optic nerve is exceptionally rare, with only a few cases have been previously reported. We report a first case of medulloep-ithelioma of the optic nerve head in Korea in a 5-year-old girl who presented with a poor vision and squint of the left eye.
Child, Preschool ; Ciliary Body ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive* ; Optic Disk* ; Optic Nerve* ; Retina ; Strabismus

Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome is a disease characterized by corneal endothelial degeneration, corneal edema, peripheral anterior synechia, iris stromal change, and secondary glaucoma. This syndrome is considered to have three major variations: Chandler's syndrome, progressive (essential) iris atrophy, and Cogan-Reese syndrome. We experienced three cases of iridocorneal endothelial syndrome with transient intraocular pressure elevation.

As the number of passengers using aircraft increases around the world, there may be more medical measures needed within the aircraft. These medical measures may also include measures against serious situations such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, since the environment is different from the hospital in the aircraft, it may be difficult to cope with such a situation. Moreover, such in-flight CPR may become more difficult at a time when the proportion of out-ofhospital CPR is decreasing due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, I would like to summarize how in-flight CPR is performed and review the main discussions on CPR in the COVID-19 pandemic, and finally suggest how to perform a safe CPR in the COVID-19 situation.

Generally accepted mechanisms of involutional entropion are as follows: 1. dysfunction of the inferior eyelid retractors, 2. migration of the preseptal orbicularis fibers upward, 3. reduced support of the lower lid against glove due to enophthalmos, 4. reduced horizontal support because of involutional changes in the lateral and medical canthal tendons. Sanford D. Hecht reported that the above four problems could be corrected simply and successfully by a full thickness excision of Bowlegs shape(Pentagon-shape). Five eyelids of involutional entropion were treated by the Boelegs procedure. The results were successful.
Enophthalmos ; Entropion* ; Eyelids ; Tendons

Generally accepted mechanisms of involutional entropion are as follows: 1. dysfunction of the inferior eyelid retractors, 2. migration of the preseptal orbicularis fibers upward, 3. reduced support of the lower lid against glove due to enophthalmos, 4. reduced horizontal support because of involutional changes in the lateral and medical canthal tendons. Sanford D. Hecht reported that the above four problems could be corrected simply and successfully by a full thickness excision of Bowlegs shape(Pentagon-shape). Five eyelids of involutional entropion were treated by the Boelegs procedure. The results were successful.
Enophthalmos ; Entropion* ; Eyelids ; Tendons

Tamoxifen and radiotherapy are used in breast cancer treatment worldwide. Radiation recall dermatitis (RRD), induced by tamoxifen, has been rarely reported. Herein, we report a RRD case induced by tamoxifen. A 47-year-old woman had a right quadrantectomy and an axillary lymph node dissection due to breast cancer. The tumor was staged pT2N0; it was hormone receptor positive, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy followed by tamoxifen and radiotherapy. After 22 months of tamoxifen, the patient developed a localized heating sensation, tenderness, edema, and redness at the irradiated area of the right breast. The symptoms improved within 1 week without treatment. Three weeks later, however, the patient developed similar symptoms in the same area of the breast. She continued tamoxifen before and during dermatitis, and symptoms resolved within 1 week.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Dermatitis ; Edema ; Female ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Middle Aged ; Radiodermatitis* ; Radiotherapy ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Sensation ; Tamoxifen*

Abdomianl pregnancy is rare, occurring 9.2 cases per 1,000 ectopic pregnancies and encountered in 1 in 10,000-25,000 births. Omental pregnancy is extremely rare form of abdominal pregnancy that may cause life-threatening massive hemorrhage in case of rupture. The clinical characteristics is variable and physical examination by itself may be insufficient for diagnosis. Early and accurate diagnosis is necessary to decrease fetal and maternal mortality and morbidity, serious complications. We report a case of ruptured early omental pregnancy with a review of literature.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Maternal Mortality ; Parturition ; Physical Examination ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, Abdominal ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Rupture

We recently obsesved an unusual case of visual loss after the facial injection of autologous fat. A 42-year-old woman underwent autologous fat injection into the temple area to reduce facial wrinkles. The procedure was performed by a surgeon at local clinic. The patient immediately complained of severe right hemicranial pain and lid swelling. She vistied to the ophthalmic department of our hospital 1 week later because of total loss of vision on the right eye. We believe that the cause of blindness was multiple microembolization in the central retinal artery and posterior ciliary branches of the ophthalmic artery via lateral palpebral artery.
Adult ; Arteries ; Blindness ; Choroid* ; Female ; Humans ; Ophthalmic Artery ; Retinal Artery ; Retinaldehyde*

A retrospective analysis of survival data of 52 cases with brain astrocytomas was presented. All patients received post-perative radiotherapy in the period of 1973~1983 at YUMC, Yonsei Cancer Center. There were 24 patients with Grade II, 12 patients with Grade III and 16 patients with Grade IV astrocytomas. Survival rates were analyzed according to histologic grade of malignancy, age, tumor location. radiation dose and extent of surgical tumor resection. 5 year actuarial survival for patients with Grade II astrocytomas was 32.9% ad Grade III was 42.9%. The 1 year and 2 year survival rate of Grade IV astrocytomas were 46.7% and 0%. Histologic grade of tumor was important prognostic factor in brain astrocytomas. Age and extent of surgical resection were significant prognostic factors in all grades of astrocytomas and tumor location and radiation dose were significant in Grade II astrocytomas.
Astrocytoma* ; Brain* ; Glioblastoma ; Humans ; Radiotherapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate