Giant arachnoid granulations have been reported to be associated with headaches, which can be acute or chronic in presentation. In some cases, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, previously called pseudotumor cerebri, may occur. The pathophysiology of these enlarged structures seen as filling defects on imaging is not clearly defined, although they are presumed to cause symptoms such as headache via pressure resulting from secondary venous sinus obstruction. We present a unique presentation of secondary headache in a 39-year-old man with no prior history of headaches found to have giant arachnoid granulations, presenting as migraine with aura.
Adult ; Arachnoid* ; Epilepsy ; Headache* ; Humans ; Migraine Disorders* ; Migraine with Aura* ; Pseudotumor Cerebri

Praxis, the ability to perform skilled or learned movements is essential for daily living. Inability to perform such praxis movements is defined as apraxia. Apraxia can be further classified into subtypes such as ideomotor, ideational and limb-kinetic apraxia. Relevant brain regions have been found to include the motor, premotor, temporal and parietal cortices. Apraxia is found in a variety of highly prevalent neurological disorders including dementia, stroke and Parkinsonism. Furthermore, apraxia has been shown to negatively affect quality of life. Therefore, recognition and treatment of this disorder is critical. This article provides an overview of apraxia and highlights studies dealing with the neurophysiology of this disorder, opening up novel perspectives for the use of motor training and noninvasive brain stimulation as treatment.
Apraxias* ; Brain ; Dementia ; Nervous System Diseases ; Neurophysiology ; Parietal Lobe ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Quality of Life ; Stroke

Arotinolol was administered orally to 31 patients to evaluate is antihypertensive action. After one week of antihypertensive medication, they were given Arotinolol 30mg daily for 4 week. Routine serum chemistries, electrolytes, urinalysis and electrocardiography were studied before and after Arotinolol. Blood pressure measured in sitting, supine and standing position was 175.3+/-5.4/115.7+/-4.0, 168.0+/-5.2/150.0+/-3.8, 154.4+/-8.5/103.4+/-3.2mmHg in control and 143.8+/-2.8/93.3+/-2.8, 144.6+/-5.4/88.1+/-4.3, 139.7+/-4.6/86.8+/-3.4mmHg in Arotinolol treatment group. The differences between both blood pressure were statistically significant(P<0.01). No laboratory test showed significant difference between both period. There were no significant side effects except 2 cases of transient headache and dizziness respectively, and one case of diarrhea. In summary, Arotinolol apears to reduce blood pressure effectively with minimal side effects.
Blood Pressure ; Diarrhea ; Dizziness ; Electrocardiography ; Electrolytes ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Urinalysis

No abstract available.
Korea*

BACKGROUND: Rotavirus activity in Korea has been reported beginning in October, peak in November, continuing in winter and ending in spring. But the peak month and the incidence of rotavirus seems to be changed recently. So we investigated the trends of rotavirus activity for the last 10 years in Hanyang University Hospital (HUH). Also latex agglutination test was compared with automated enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay for the detection of rotavirus in stool specimens. METHODS: Stool specimens (3,636 from HUH, 1989-1998; 1,171 from Hanyang University Kuri hospital, HUKH, 1996-1998) from pediatric patients with acute diarrhea were tested for rotavirus,. Sixty specimens were tested by latex agglutination test (Sliders Rota-kit 2, bioMerieux Vitek, France) and enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay (VIDAS Rotavirus, bioMerieux Vitek, France) according to the instructions from the manufacturer. RESULTS: The annual incidence of rotavirus diarrhea from 1989 to 1998 was 47%, 32%, 33%, 25%, 26%, 24%, 24%, 17%, 17%, 14%, respectively. Positive rate of rotavirus was 25% for the 10year period in HUH, 20% for the recent 3 years in HUKH. Peak month was November (46%) in the first 5 year, but November incidence decreased to 17% in the last 5 year, and the peak moved to January, February, and March (34%, 35%, 33%, respectively). Epidemic period was from October to February during the first 5 year, but from December to April during the last 5 year period. The agreement rate of the two methods was 90% and VIDAS Rotavirus showed significantly higher sensitivity compared to Sliders Rota-kit 2. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of rotavirus diarrhea decreased gradually for the last 10 years and the peak month of rotavirus activity was changed from November to January, February, and March. The VIDAS Rotavirus was more sensitive than the Sliders Rota-kit 2 for the detection of rotavirus in stool.
Diarrhea ; Epidemiology ; Gastroenteritis* ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Latex Fixation Tests ; Rotavirus*

Bacillus cereus meningitis can show unusual presentation and very rapid progression associated with high mortality and unusual MRI findings. We report a 77-year-old man with fever and altered mentality after epidural neuroplasty for chronic lumbar spinal pain. Symptoms rapidly progressed over the 12 hours following surgery. He was diagnosed with meningoencephalitis by Bacillus cereus confirmed by CSF culture and DNA sequencing. He improved with antibiotics slowly although his mental state did not completely revert to his prior level. This case demonstrates the rapid and fulminant clinical picture produced by Bacillus cereus associated with neuroplasty. It also shows peculiar frontal white matter changes with hydrocephalus on MRI

No abstract available.
Apraxias ; Parkinson Disease ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

A case-control study was conducted to identify the specific risk fatctors for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) in Korean soldiers. The case group consisted of 196 confirmed HFRS patients who were admitted to the Capital Armed Forces General Hospital between I November 1989 and 15 January 1992 and were 25 years old or younger. The control group consisted of 258 non-HFRS patients who were admitted to the same hospital and meeting following conditions; onset of symptom was within five days before or after the onset date of case, had regular military activities up to the onset of symptom, and no noticeable signs for the diagnosis. Most of the cases and controls came from the units located in Kyonggi province (61.7% of cases, 75.9% of controls) and Kangwon province (31.6% of cases, 15.5% of controls). The distribution of places where the cases and controls had moved into during 60 days period prior to admission was similar to that of the base units. Among 196 cases, 89.3% occurred in October through December and 46.9% in November. Significant risk factor was the field living condition. The odds ratio (OR) for sleeping in a tent vs not sleeping in a tent during 60 days period prior to admission was 1.55 (95% CI=1.07-2.25) and that for sleeping on the bare ground or in a vehicle was 3. 63 (95% CI=1.48-8.86). Other statistically significant risk factors were advanced tac tical training (OR=1.51, 95% CI=1.02-2.24), drinking surface water (OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.21-2.77), exposure to indoor dust (OR=1.58, 95% CI=1.05-2. 37), fixing trench (OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.12-2.37) and having seen Apodemus in the outdoors (OR=4. 61, 95% CI=2.12-10.02). Most of these risk factors were related with camping (field living condition) and thus the interaction between each risk factor and camping was examined by cross tabulation. None of the ORs for five risk factors was statistically significant for the cases who had no camping. However all of the ORs for the cases who had camping were increased and statistically significant ;2.27 for advanced tactical training, 2.64 for drinking surface water, 2.14 for exposure to indoor dust, 2.91 for fixing trench, and 7.58 for having seen Apodemus in outdoors. It was revealed in this study that the highest risk factor for HFRS is camping in the area where the Apodemus inhabits.
Adult ; Animals ; Arm ; Camping ; Case-Control Studies* ; Diagnosis ; Drinking ; Dust ; Fever ; Gangwon-do ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Military Personnel* ; Murinae ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Factors* ; Social Conditions ; Water

No abstract available.
Delivery of Health Care* ; Neurology*

Functional movement disorder (FMD) is a type of functional neurological disorder that is common but often difficult to diagnose or manage. FMD can present as various phenotypes, including tremor, dystonia, myoclonus, gait disorders, and parkinsonism. Conducting a clinical examination appropriate for assessing a patient with suspected FMD is important, and various diagnostic testing maneuvers may also be helpful. Treatment involving a multidisciplinary team, either outpatient or inpatient, has been found to be most effective. Examples of such treatment protocols are also discussed in this review. While recognition and understanding of the disorder has improved over the past few decades, as well as the development of treatments, it is not uncommon for patients and physicians to continue to experience various difficulties when dealing with this disorder. In this review, I provide a practical overview of FMD and discuss how the clinical encounter itself can play a role in patients’ acceptance of the diagnosis. Recent neuroimaging studies that aid in understanding the pathophysiology are also discussed.