Apodemus agrarius has been using for experimental purpose to identifying the route of infection and pathogenesis of korean hemorrhagic fever. However, despite the increasing amount of information being published at present about the physiologic and ecologic characteristics of Apodemus, few data are availalle about the morphologic findings in the brain. The NADPH-diaphorase[NADPH-d] positive neurons, uniquely resistant to toxic insults and neurodegenerative diseases, have been colocalized with neurons in the brain and peripheral tissue containing nitric oxide synthase, which generates nitric oxide, a recently identified neuronal messenger molecule. In this study we used NADPH-d histochemistry to evaluate the distribution of neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive[NPY-IR] cells within neurons which contain nitric oxide synthase. In the cerebral cortex of Apodemus agrarius, NADPH-d positive and NPY-IR neurons were observed in all cortical layers, but they were concentrated in two bands layer II/III and V/VI extending into the subcortical white matter. Double labeling for NADPH-d and NPY showed colocalization of NPY with NADPH-d in numerous neurons of the cerebral cortex. The data obtained showed that about 74-79% of NPY-IR neurons contained NADPH-d in the neocortex and that 77-89% in the allocortex. The number of NPY-IR/NADPH-d positive neurons was about 10-13 per unit area [2,500,000 micrometer] in the neocortex and about 11-25 in the allocortex except retrosplenial cortex. In the retrosplenial cortex, the number of double labeled neurons was about 5 per unit area. NPY-IR and NADPH-d positive neurons were predominantly medium-sized with extended, multipolar or bipolar dendritic branches which belong to fusiform or stellate cell types. A moderately dense network of fine, varicose NADPH-d positive fibers was present throughout all cortical layers.
Animals ; Brain ; Cerebral Cortex* ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; Murinae* ; Neocortex ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurons* ; Neuropeptide Y* ; Neuropeptides* ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Lymphangioma, Cystic*

No abstract available.
Gynecology*

Hip arthroscopy is technically demanding and requires special distraction tools and operating equipment. The indications for hip arthroscopy are expanding as the understanding of hip disease increases. Improved instrumentation and technical skills have also facilitated the ability of physicians to treat some hip disorders arthroscopically. Various arthroscopic techniques allow the treatment of labral and acetabular rim pathology as well as pathology of the peripheral compartment. Improved techniques and longer-term outcomes studies should further define the optimal role of hip arthroscopy. Consequently, hip arthroscopy has been used to treat patients who should have had a more complicated open procedure or should have gone untreated. Moreover, hip arthroscopy, as with any procedure, is not without risks. Fortunately, complications are few, occurring in <5% of patients with hip pain.
Arthroscopy ; Hip ; Humans

PURPOSE: To report the method of anatomical reduction and its maintenance by percutaneous wiring reduction in minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for distal tibial fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 17 cases that were diagnosed oblique, spiral or transverse fracture of distal tibia from August 2007 to February 2010 and were able to anatomically reduce by the method of percutanous wiring reduction in minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis were included in this study. Mean age was 50, and mean follow up period was 18 months. We investigated the period until bone union was achieved, degree of angulation angle, and complications. For postoperative evaluation, Olerud and Molander ankle score and VAS pain score in daily living were checked. RESULTS: The mean varus/valgus angulation after bone union on AP radiograph was 0.9 degrees and the mean anterior/posterior angulation on lateral radiograph was 2.0 degrees The mean Olerud and Molander ankle score was 89.4, and mean pain score due to walk adjacent to metal plate was 0 points. CONCLUSION: By the method of percutaneous wiring reduction in distal tibial fracture, anatomical reduction is easily acquired, and only by wire itself, reduction could be maintained, so that without additional manual reduction, plate could be easily fixed.
Animals ; Ankle ; Follow-Up Studies ; Tibia ; Tibial Fractures

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the characteristics of electrophysiologic studies (EPS) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) performed in subjects aged less than 30 years with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, particularly pediatric patients under 18 years of age, based on our experience. METHODS: Two hundred and one consecutive patients with WPW syndrome were recruited and divided to 3 groups according to age: group 1, 6 to 17 years; group 2, 18 to 29 years; and group 3, 30 to 60 years. The clinical, electrophysiological, and therapeutic data for these patients were evaluated by a retrospective medical record review. RESULTS: A total of 73 (36%) of these patients were <30 years of age. Although there were more males than females in group 2 (male:female, 31:11), there was no sex difference in group 1 (male:female, 16:15). Left accessory pathway was detected less frequently in group 1 (32%, 10/31) than in group 2 (57%, 24/42) and group 3 (63%, 81/128) (P=0.023 and P=0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION: The present study describes several different electrophysiological characteristics in children and adolescents with WPW syndrome. Therefore, when EPS and RFA are performed in children and adolescence with WPW syndrome, we recommend that these characteristics be considered.
Accessory Atrioventricular Bundle ; Adolescent ; Aged ; Catheter Ablation ; Child ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Characteristics ; Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

OBJECTIVES: We review the sleep problems of the alcohol dependence patients. Especially we are interested in the prevalence, the severity of symptoms, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in the alcohol dependence patients. METHODS: We recruit 86 alcohol dependence patients who were admitted from October 6th, 2008 to October 17th, 2008. We interviewed each patient and evaluated sleep questionnaires such as the Sleep Disorder Questionnaire (SDQ), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) rating scale. The presence of RLS and its severity were assessed using the IRLSSG diagnostic criteria and the IRLSSG severity scale, respectively. Depression and anxiety were evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI). RESULTS: Of all 86 patients, 59 patients have insomnia, 33 patients have RLS, 30 patients have Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD), 29 patients have nightmare. RLS patients have more high score in the BAI (21.70+/-10.36 vs 14.67+/-11.98), and their sleep quality was poor in the PSQI (11.09+/-4.08 vs 7.92+/-3.91) than non-RLS patients. CONCLUSION: This study shows that alcohol dependence patients show many sleep problems such as insomnia and RLS. So we should notice that the sleep problems of alcohol dependence patients are important in clinical approach and treatment.
Alcoholism ; Anxiety ; Depression ; Dreams ; Humans ; Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Restless Legs Syndrome ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders

Pancreatic arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are extremely rare diseases frequently complicated by gastrointestinal hemorrhage. While surgical resection of affected lesion is preferred for the treatment of pancreatic AVM, angiographic intervention can be used as an alternative treatment, especially in surgically high-risk patients. We experienced a patient with pancreatic AVM manifested by hemobilia and biliary sepsis. Superior mesenteric and common hepatic arteriography showed pancreaticoduodenal AVM composed of nidus supplied by numerous fine feeding arteries and of draining veins encircling the common bile duct (CBD). Hemobilia was controlled by transportal coil embolization of draining veins of AVM around the CBD. Herein, we report this case with the review of literatures.
Arteriovenous Malformations/pathology/*therapy ; Duodenoscopy ; *Embolization, Therapeutic ; Hemobilia/etiology/pathology/*therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreas/*blood supply ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Subchondral bony cyst, large solitary or multiple cysts in acetabular dome usually exacerbate progression to degenerative osteoarthritis in the hip joint. But it can be treated through arthroscopic intervention. We report two cases that treated by arthroscopic curettage and bone graft for subchondral bony cysts in early osteoarthritis of the hip joint, and it may delay progression to moderate osteoarthritis.
Acetabulum ; Bone Cysts ; Curettage ; Hip Joint* ; Osteoarthritis* ; Transplants*