No abstract available.
Anal Canal*

Purpose: Firefighting duties range from field roles such as suppression, rescue, and emergency medical services (EMS) to various administrative tasks. Despite these differences, they face uniform fitness standards in Korea. This study seeks to define distinct fitness needs for each duty and provide data for customized standards. Methods: One hundred seventy-six Korean male firefighters participated, categorized into suppression (n=76), rescue (n=22), administrative (n=27), and EMS (n=51) roles. All underwent maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) tests for aerobic capacity, with body composition measured using bioelectrical impedance and height recorded with a stadiometer. Results: The VO2 max (mL/kg/min) among Korean male firefighters varied across different job duties: suppression (39.96±5.84), rescue (44.84±4.85), administration (40.27±7.01), and EMS (40.51±6.75). Rescue had the highest VO2 max, which was significantly higher (p=0.013). The body mass index (BMI, kg/m2 ) values were as follows: suppression (25.07±2.55), rescue (24.95±1.71), EMS (24.33±3.21), and administration (25.10±2.48). There was no statistically significant difference in BMI values (p=0.464). Conclusion This study evaluated the VO2 max and BMI of South Korean male firefighters according to their job duties. It found that 54.5% did not meet the recommended VO2 max standard of 42 mL/kg/min for their activities, and 77.5% had a BMI indicating overweight or higher. However, it is important to note that not every firefighting duty requires high fitness levels. The key is ensuring firefighters possess the fitness necessary for their specific roles to maintain safety and efficiency. The study aims to provide data for creating fitness management guidelines tailored to the diverse duties of firefighters.

Objectives: This study is designed to extract a representative variable that distinguishes psychiatric patients of North Korean Defectors and a control group by using machine learning based on measured mental health variables and physical activity variables. Methods: The physical and mental activity variables of 17 North Korean defectors that previously were hospitalized or received psychiatric outpatient treatment and a control group were compared. The survey focused on mental health variables that included contents related to depression, suicidal risks, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, insomnia, physical symptoms, quality of life, coping skills, social support, and drinking. Physical activity variables included the number of steps walked per day, sleep time, and sleep efficiency were measured by Fitbit. Results: The 7th question of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, “Trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the newspaper or watching television over the past two weeks,” showed the highest gain ratio by 84 percent. Based on the result of the decision tree, this single index may distinguish between the clinical and control groups. Conclusion A clinician may conduct a more effective interview with a North Korean defector by identifying in the early stages whether the patient has been having difficulty concentrating on daily tasks during the past two weeks.

Objectives: This study is designed to extract a representative variable that distinguishes psychiatric patients of North Korean Defectors and a control group by using machine learning based on measured mental health variables and physical activity variables. Methods: The physical and mental activity variables of 17 North Korean defectors that previously were hospitalized or received psychiatric outpatient treatment and a control group were compared. The survey focused on mental health variables that included contents related to depression, suicidal risks, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, insomnia, physical symptoms, quality of life, coping skills, social support, and drinking. Physical activity variables included the number of steps walked per day, sleep time, and sleep efficiency were measured by Fitbit. Results: The 7th question of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, “Trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the newspaper or watching television over the past two weeks,” showed the highest gain ratio by 84 percent. Based on the result of the decision tree, this single index may distinguish between the clinical and control groups. Conclusion A clinician may conduct a more effective interview with a North Korean defector by identifying in the early stages whether the patient has been having difficulty concentrating on daily tasks during the past two weeks.

No abstract available.
Anal Canal* ; Rectum*

BACKGROUND: Portable glucometers are often utilized at the patient's bedside in the ICU or operating room for frequent measurements of the blood glucose concentration. Many of these devices are based on a glucose oxidase method that may be influenced by PO2. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a high PO2 of arterial blood on measured glucose values compared with venous blood. METHODS: Forty adult patients who underwent surgery with general anesthesia were included in this study. Each patient had a cannula inserted into the radial artery and a central venous catheter through the right internal jugular vein. Two hours after the induction of anesthesia, we drew arterial and venous blood and measured the blood glucose concentration using both a bedside glucometer based on a glucose oxidase method and a laboratory glucometer based on a hexokinase method. We also measured blood gas, electrolyte, and hematocrit values. Statistical analyses were performed with repeated measure ANOVA, multiple linear regression, and Bland-Altman's analysis. Data is expressed as mean +/- SD. RESULTS: The arterial blood glucose concentration measured by the glucose oxidase method (119.5 +/- 25.0 mg/dl) was significantly lower than the venous blood (133.5 +/- 24.8 mg/dl) and hexokinase method (134.2 +/- 27.1 mg/dl). There was no significant difference between the venous blood glucose concentration by the glucose oxidase method and hexokinase method. When we used the correction formula: corrected glucose value = arterial glucose value by glucose oxidase method + 0.1053 X PaO2 - 5.414, the bias improved from - 14.6 mg/dl to 1.0 mg/dl. CONCLUSIONS: The blood glucose concentration measured by the glucose oxidase method is more accurate in venous blood than oxygenated arterial blood. When we measure the blood glucose level using the glucose oxidase method, we should consider the influence of high oxygen tension.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Blood Glucose* ; Catheters ; Central Venous Catheters ; Glucose Oxidase* ; Glucose* ; Hematocrit ; Hexokinase ; Humans ; Jugular Veins ; Linear Models ; Operating Rooms ; Oxygen* ; Radial Artery

A debridement method that causes minimal damage to normal tissue during the removal of necrotic tissue is important for chronic wound healing. A new instrument based on low-frequency ultrasound, the Misonix SonicOne O.R. System ® (Bioventus, Farmingdale, NY, USA), creates 22.5 kHz ultrasound waves that cause cavitation or oscillating micro-gas bubbles to debride unhealthy tissue. The device was used for debridement on nine patients with chronic wounds of varying etiology: two patients with decubitus ulcers, one patient with a crush injury, and seven patients with burns. The eschar and unhealthy granulation tissue were removed effectively with no damage to normal skin and soft tissue. No bleeding complications occurred and postoperative analgesics were not required. Compared to surgical debridement, the low-frequency ultrasound device was effective, easy and safe to use, and caused less pain and bleeding. It can be recommended as a treatment method for chronic wounds, comparable to surgical wound debridement.

No abstract available.
Aneurysm, Dissecting/diagnosis/*etiology/physiopathology/therapy ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; Aortic Aneurysm/diagnosis/*etiology/physiopathology/therapy ; Behcet Syndrome/*complications/diagnosis/drug therapy ; Cerebral Infarction/diagnosis/etiology ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Electrocardiography ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Sinus of Valsalva/physiopathology/ultrasonography ; Thrombosis/diagnosis/drug therapy/*etiology/physiopathology ; Ventricular Septal Rupture/diagnosis/*etiology/physiopathology/therapy

The immunomodulatory and antitumor effects of lactic acid bacteria (LABs) were investigated. Cytoplasmic fraction of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium longum were tested for the antiproliferative activity in vitro to SNUC2A, SNU1, NIH/3T3 and Jurkat cell lines by crystal violet assay. All cytoplasmic fraction suppressed proliferation of tumor cells, though L. casei and B. longum were more effective. From these results, cytoplasmic fraction of L. casei and B. longum with Y400 as a control were administered as dietary supplements to Balb/c mice for 2, and 4 consecutive wks. Administration for 4 wks enhanced the number of total T cells, NK cells and MHC class II+ cells, and CD4-CD8+ T cells in flow cytometry analysis. To determine of antitumor activity of LABs preparation in vivo, F9 teratocarcinoma cells were inoculated on mice at 14th day. Body weight was decreased with increased survival rate in all groups with the cytoplasm of LABs. Our results showed that cytoplasmic fraction of LABs had direct antiproliferative effects on tumor cell lines in vitro, effects on immune cells in vivo, and antitumor effects on tumor-bearing mice with prolonged survival periods.
3T3 Cells ; Animals ; *Bifidobacterium ; Body Weight ; Cell Division/physiology ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Jurkat Cells ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; *Lactobacillus casei ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology/*therapy ; Probiotics/*pharmacology ; Survival Analysis ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology

OBJECTIVE: To report various anatomic locations and clinical characteristics of pathologically proven myofibroblastoma in Koran patients. METHODS: Pathologic reports of patients who underwent surgeries at two centers between April 2003 and March 2016 were retrieved from the electronic medical record system of the hospital. Pathologic reports were included after performing a search using the keyword “myofibroblastoma”. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 11 subjects and included eight female and three male individuals. The patients' ages ranged from 9 to 66 years. Tumors were located in the vagina in three patients and presented in the breast in seven patients. One case presented with an abdominal mass. The tumors ranged in mean size from 4.0 to 53.0 mm. Despite a relatively long-term follow-up, no case had evidence of tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION: We evaluated the various anatomic locations of pathologically proven myofibroblastoma in Korean patients. As an extremely rare tumor, physicians should pay special attention to differential diagnosis. Surgical resection is the preferred method for a cure, and the recurrence rate is extremely low.
Anatomic Variation ; Breast ; Cohort Studies ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Electronic Health Records ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue* ; Recurrence ; Vagina