No abstract available.
*Education, Medical ; Humans ; *Internationality ; *Periodicals as Topic ; Republic of Korea

This study was conducted to investigation the effects of passive inhalation of cigarette smoke and the correlation between change of flicker value and active or passive smoking in poorly ventilated room. Forty five male student were tested by divided into four experimental groups composed of active and passive smokers and three control groups. Each four experimental groups were exposed to smoke for Two hours in enclosed room. Vital capacities, flicker values, blood carboxy-hemoglobin levels and carbon monoxide concentration in room air were estimated before, during and after the exposure, and amounts of smoking or smoke exposure during two hours were also noted. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Concentration of carbon monxide in air and increase of blood carboxy-hemoglobin level(% COHb) were positively correlated with smoking amount. 2. Increase of blood carboxy-hemoglobin in passive smokers, in average, were about seventy six percent of that in smokers, as 2.2% vs. 2.9%. 3. Comparison with published data showed that Peterson's equation gave most similar result to this study in estimation of increase of blood carboxy-hemoglobin level. 4. During the exposure, flicker values fell steadily in both experimental groups and control groups as time passed. Flicker value were, however, elevated again in experimental groups after exposure, despite the fact that values still fell in control groups. 5. Blood carboxy-hemoglobin and flicker value were negatively correlated and this correlationship was stronger in passive smoker than in active smoker. 6. Multiple regression equation between flicker value and exposure time and blood carboxy-hemoglobin level was expressed as: Flicker value=41.6-0.2COHb%-0.9Hour, 7. In general, it is suggested that biological criteria would be more preferable than chemical criteria in establishment of statutory limitation of smoking in enclosed spaces.
Carbon ; Carbon Monoxide ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Male ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tobacco Products ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution* ; Vital Capacity

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Insulin* ; Lipoproteins* ; Pregnant Women* ; Triglycerides*

Pharmacotherapy of bipolar disorder is a rapidly evolving field. Mood stabilizers and anticonvulsants have varying biochemical profiles which may predispose them to different adverse effects and drug-drug interactions. Several of the new anticonvulsants appear less likely to have the problems with drug-drug interaction. To provide more effective combination pharmacotherapies, clinicians should be allowed to anticipate and avoid pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions. We reviewed the role of cytochrome P450 isozymes in the metabolism of the drugs and their interactions. The drug-drug interactions of several classes of drugs which used as mood stabilizers and new anticonvulsants, some of which may have psychotropic profiles, are discussed mainly in this article. Finally, potential pharmacokinetic interactions between the benzodiazepines and other coadministered drugs are discussed briefly.
Anti-Anxiety Agents* ; Anticonvulsants ; Benzodiazepines ; Bipolar Disorder ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; Drug Therapy ; Isoenzymes ; Metabolism

Since cortison was administered to various clinical conditions, a large number of reports reviewed the influence of its application on the repair process of connective tissue. The effect of cortisone was described as consisting of delayed formation of fibroblast, rnucopolysac-charide and collagen, depressed activity of vitamin D in the human body, disturbed calciurn metabolism and consequently the delayed healing of the fracture. And it was therefore decided to investigate the effect of cortisone on fracture healing process. Twenty male rabbits weighing between 1500 and 2000 gms were used for this experiment. Their ribs were fratured and they were divided in 4 groups as follows: 1st group: control group 2nd group: vitamin. C 15mg/Kg. daily I. M. 3rd group: cortione acetate 20mg/Kg. daily I. M. 4th group: cortisone acetate 20mg/Kg. with vitamin. C 15mg/Kg. daily I, M. Gross and histological changes of healing process of ribs were observed, and results confirmed the delaying effect of cortisone administration in the fracture healing, on the contrary, the vitamin. C administration seemed to accelerate.
Ascorbic Acid ; Collagen ; Connective Tissue ; Cortisone ; Fibroblasts ; Fracture Healing ; Human Body ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolism ; Rabbits ; Ribs ; Vitamin D ; Vitamins

Sixteen cases under the age of 19 were underwent surgical treatment for hernlated lumbar intervertebral disc over 10 years of period in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,Catholic Medical College. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The incidence was 5.2% of all herniated lumbar intervertebral disc patients who treated surgically, but no sexual predilection. 2. Nine cases (56.3%) had a definite previous history of injuries. 3. Average intervals between the onset of clinical symptoms and the operation were 9.2 months. 4. Neurologic deficits are less severe and frequent (8 cases, 50%) but the clinical symptoms do not differ from than that of the adult. 5. 7 cases (43.8%) revealed definite reptured lumbar intervertebral discs and 5 cases (31.3%) are diffuse buldging of annular fibers in operative findings. 6. According to histopathological study, 8 cases show degenerative fibrocartilagenous changes in surgical specimen. 7. The radiological abnormalities of lumbar spine are less common than that of the adult. 8. Excellent or good results were found in 12 cases (75%) but two cases required a further surgical procedure. 9. In generally, hernlated Iumbar intervertebral disc in teenagers show better results and more rapid recovery of clinical symptoms by surgical treatment, and less residual symptoms than that of the adult.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Clinical Study ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intervertebral Disc ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Spine

Phosphoinositide-specific Phospholipase C (PI-PLC) is a second messenger of signal transducer on cell membrane. In the previous study, PLC of bovine brain has been purified three isozymes. In this paper, uterus and seminal vesicle have been purified. Two peaks of PI-PLC activity were resolved when bovine uterus and seminal vesicle proteins were chromatographed on a DEAE and phenyl TSK 5PW HPLC column. Each two peak was compared with PI-PLC I, II and III from bovine brain and we got the retention time on HPLC. The peak fractions with PLC activity were tested homogeneity with brain PLC monoclonal antibodies (Mab). Mab-labeled affigels were bounded in the range of 73.8%~97.5% with PLC I, II and III. Homogeneity of fractions were revealed that DEAE F-1 and phenyl F-1-I were highest level of PLC III in uterus and seminal vesicle and DEAE F-2 and phenyl F-2-I were mixed PLC I and II.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Brain* ; Cell Membrane ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Isoenzymes* ; Phospholipases* ; Second Messenger Systems ; Seminal Vesicle Secretory Proteins ; Seminal Vesicles* ; Transducers ; Type C Phospholipases* ; Uterus*

BACKGROUND: Dementia has emerged as a leading public health problem with elderly persons and its early detection is important for treatment in curable cases. Although dementia screening tests are available, they are still complex and time consuming in practice and therefore difficult to use. Our goal was to validate the time and change(T&C) test, a simple, standardized method for detecting dementia in the elderly populations. METHODS: Participants were 59 patients aged 65 years or older at an urban hospital from November 1 to December 31, 2001. The time test evaluated the understanding of clock hands indicating 11:10, and the change test the ability making 1,000 Won from a group of coins consisting one 500 Won, seven 100 Won, seven 50 Won. T&C ratings were validated against a reference standard based on physician`s diagnosis. Test-retest reliability and inter-observer reliability were assessed. RESULTS: The T&C test had a sensitivity of 73.0%, specificity of 90.9%, positive predictive value of 93.1%, and negative predictive value of 66.7%. Test-retest and inter-observer agreement rates were 95% and 95%, respectively. The T&C test was not influenced by education. The time and change tests took a mean of 7.5 seconds and 19.6 seconds to complete respectively, and was acceptable to participants. When timed cut points were added, the T&C test had a sensitivity of 86.5%, specificity of 40.9% and test-retest and inter-observer agreement rates were 77.3% and 81.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The T&C test is a simple, accurate reliable, performance-based tool for detection of dementia in the elderly.
Aged* ; Dementia* ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Hand ; Hospitals, Urban ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Numismatics ; Public Health ; Sensitivity and Specificity

No abstract available.
Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Tubal*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infertility* ; Infertility, Male* ; Male ; Male*