PURPOSE: In most emergency department (ED), sedation is required before carrying out an invasive procedure on a pediatric patient. In the ED setting, it is essential to determine the optimal dose and administration route of CH for successful sedation. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal dose of CH for an invasive procedure and to examine the effectiveness of the drug's different administration routes. Furthermore, in this study, we performed simple survey using questionnaire which composed of Likert-scale to evaluate satisfaction of medical staffs in ED with administration routes. METHODS: This study was conducted prospectively. The study participants were pediatric patients under 8 years old who visited the ED in two tertiary hospitals in South Korea within a period of 12 months. RESULTS: Overall, 300 patients were included in this study. The age, sex, and weight of the patients were not shown to influence the sedation time. Chloral hydrate dosage is the independent factor to influence the both sedation and discharge time (p<0.01). In the comparison of the groups, groups 1, 2, and 5 showed no significant difference. On the other hand, groups 3 and 4 were shown to be statistically significantly different from group 1. CONCLUSION: Up to 100 mg/kg CH is safe to use in the emergency department for pediatric patients, but the initial dose of 50 mg/kg for oral administration should be considered in advance because it can provide safe and effective sedation with a lower possibility of causing an adverse effect.
Administration, Oral ; Chloral Hydrate* ; Deep Sedation ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Hand ; Humans ; Korea ; Medical Staff ; Prospective Studies ; Tertiary Care Centers

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variations of the skeletal and dentoalveolar dimensions in relation to vertical facial patterns. Lateral cephalogram of 200 cases (100 cases of male and 100 cases of female, average age of which was 23.2 years) were traced and some measurements of skeletal and dentoalveolar dimensions were measured. The ratio of UAFH/LAFH was employed to classify the samples into groups of excess and short lower anterior facial height. And the comparison between two groups were taken statistacally. The following results were obtained. 1. The dentoalveolar height, lower anterior facial height, lower gonial angle, and FMA in the excess-lower-anterior-facial-height group were significantly larger than those in short-lower-anterior-facial-height group. 2. The dentoalveolar height, ramus height, and Jarabak ratio in the male subjects were significantly larger than those in the female subjects. 3. The UAFH/LAFH ratio showed a significant correlation to upper, lower facial height, AUDH, PUDH, ALDH, PLDH, Lower gonial angle, FMA, and Bjok`s Sum.
Female ; Humans ; Male

Background: The Advanced RBC Application of the CellaVision DM9600 system (CellaVision AB, Lund, Sweden) automatically characterizes and classifies red blood cells (RBCs) into 21 morphological categories based on their size, color, shape, and inclusions. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of the CellaVision Advanced RBC Application with respect to the classification and grading of RBC morphological abnormalities in accordance with the 2015 International Council for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH) guidelines. Methods: A total of 223 samples, including 123 with RBC morphological abnormalities and 100 from healthy controls, were included. Seven RBC morphological abnormalities and their grading obtained with CellaVision DM9600 pre- and post-classification were compared with the results obtained using manual microscopic examination. The grading cut-off percentages were determined in accordance with the 2015 ICSH guidelines. The sensitivity and specificity of the CellaVision DM9600 system were evaluated using the manual microscopic examination results as a true positive. Results: In pre-classification, > 90% sensitivity was observed for target cells, tear drop cells, and schistocytes, while > 90% specificity was observed for acanthocytes, spherocytes, target cells, and tear drop cells. In post-classification, the detection sensitivity and specificity of most RBC morphological abnormalities increased, except for schistocytes (sensitivity) and acanthocytes (specificity). The grade agreement rates ranged from 35.9% (echinocytes) to 89.7% (spherocytes) in pre-classification and from 46.2% (echinocytes) to 90.1% (spherocytes) in post-classification. The agreement rate of samples with withinone grade difference exceeded 90% in most categories, except for schistocytes and echinocytes. Conclusions The Advanced RBC Application of CellaVision DM9600 is a valuable screening tool for detecting RBC morphological abnormalities.

BACKGROUND: Recent increase in use of the periodic health screening is due to a concern for health. But study of patient's compliance with recommended periodic health screening has not yet been conducted. This study was accomplished to clarify which aspect to be considered in order to increase patient's compliance after health screening. METHODS: This study was done from March 3 to May 15 in 1997 by Hanil health care center, Among 370 workers in a state-run corporation who received health screening tw? years ago, 170 men were advised to receive an additional laboratory test or treatment at the time. They were asked to fill out a questionnaire and were inte?iewed by doctors to evaluate their compliance. 162 of 170 patients(95.3%) were enrolled in the study, except 8 patients who did not answer the questionnaire. RESURTS: The mean age of patients was 54 years. Most of them were technicians and managers, graduated from high school or higher, and had an annual income of at least 35,000,000 won. The disease of requiring an additional test or treatment were in the order of liver disease, hypertension, gastrointestinal disease, urologic disease and abnormal urinalysis. 68 patients(42%) were compliant and 94 patients(58%) were noncompliant. For reasons of noncompliance,27 patients(28.7%) answered "because l had no symptoms", 20 patients(21.2%) answered "because I didn't think I needed the test or the treatment" and 12 patients(12.7%) answered "because I was busy". The factors influencing compliance were analyzed through chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Their compliance was highly related to the patients'insight into the necessity of the test. the existing disease, and the reporting method of the health screening results. It was not associated with the patients'feeling about their health status, the health behaviors such as smoking and drinking, occupational factors, distance from shire homes to the hospital, or the presence of a hospital near home for those who didn't live in Seoul. The independent effect of the factors influencing the compliance was evaluated by means of stratified analysis. The only independent factor associated with the compliance was the patients' insight. The compliance according to diseases was higher than average in hypertension, liver disease, diabetes mellitus and urologic disease, and lower than average in pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal disease, thyroid disease, cardiac disease, opthalmologic disease and abnormal urinalysis. CONCLUSIONS: The most influencing factor related to compliance was the patient's insight into the necessity of the further testing. We should consider a proper way to increase compliance on health screening. Direct counseling, if possible, is recommended following health screening and way to increase patient's compliance utiliging mail report as another.
Compliance* ; Counseling ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Drinking ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Health Behavior ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Liver Diseases ; Lung Diseases ; Male ; Mass Screening* ; Postal Service ; Seoul ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Thyroid Diseases ; Urinalysis ; Urologic Diseases ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
HIV-1* ; Humans* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha*

No abstract available.
Masticatory Muscles* ; Spasm* ; Tetanus*

OBJECTIVE: We previously described that Diva is highly expressed in matured metaphase II (MII) oocytes compared to immature germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes in mouse.1 We report here that the expression of Diva transcript as well as protein is oocyte-specific. To elucidate its physiological role in oocyte, the binding partner(s) of Diva has been identified by using immunoprecipitation (IP) followed by Mass Spectrometry. METHODS: NIH/3T3 cells were transiently transfected for 24 h with either empty vector for control or FLAG-tagged mouse Diva construct, and IP was performed with anti-FLAG antibody. The immuno-isolated complexes were resolved by SDS-PAGE on a 12% gel followed by Coomassie Blue staining. For in-gel digestion, 15 bands of interest were excised manually and digested with trypsin. All mass spectra were acquired at a positive reflector mode by a 4700 Proteomics Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Framingham, MA). Proteins were identified by searching the NCBI nonredundant database using MASCOT Peptide Mass Fingerprint software (Matrixscience, London). RESULTS: Diva-associated complexes were formed in FLAG-tagged mouse Diva-overexpressed NIH/3T3 cells via IP using anti-FLAG-conjugated beads. Among the excised 15 bands, actin and actin-binding proteins such as tropomyosin, tropomodulin 3, and alpha-actinin were identified. Binding between Diva and actin or tropomyosin was confirmed by IP followed by Western blot analysis. Both bindings were also detected endogenously in mouse ovaries, indicating that Diva works with actin and tropomyosin. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report that immuno-isolated Diva-associated complexes are related to actin filament of the cytoskeletal system. When we consider the association of Diva with actin and tropomyosin, oocyte-specific Diva may play a role in modulating the cytoskeletal system during oocyte maturation.
Actin Cytoskeleton ; Actinin ; Actins ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Dermatoglyphics ; Digestion ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Female ; Immunoprecipitation ; Mass Spectrometry* ; Metaphase ; Mice ; Microfilament Proteins ; Oocytes ; Ovary ; Proteomics ; Tropomodulin ; Tropomyosin ; Trypsin

Pelvic actinomycosis is a rare disease, and has variable clinical manifestations and courses, which make it difficult to diagnose the disease initially. We experienced a pelvic actinomycosis in a woman who complained vaginal discharge and lower abdominal pain, and had not been carring a intrauterine contraceptive device. This infection results in tissue destruction, fibrosis, and the formation of draining sinuses. We describe the case with brief review of clinical diagnosis and management.
Abdominal Pain ; Actinomycosis* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Intrauterine Devices ; Rare Diseases ; Vaginal Discharge

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of shear wave ultrasound elastography for differentiating superficial benign soft tissue masses through a comparison of their shear moduli. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 48 masses from 46 patients from February 2014 to May 2016. Surgical excision, fine-needle aspiration, and clinical findings were used for the differential diagnosis. The ultrasonographic examinations were conducted by a single musculoskeletal radiologist, and the ultrasonographic findings were reviewed by two other radiologists who were blinded to the final diagnosis. Conventional ultrasonographic features and the median shear modulus were evaluated. We compared the median shear moduli of epidermoid cysts, ganglion cysts, and lipomatous tumors using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Additionally, the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare two distinct groups. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the median shear moduli of epidermoid cysts, ganglion cysts, and lipomatous tumors (23.7, 5.8, and 9.2 kPa, respectively; P=0.019). Epidermoid cysts showed a greater median shear modulus than ganglion cysts (P=0.014) and lipomatous tumors (P=0.049). CONCLUSION: Shear wave elastography may contribute to the differential diagnosis of superficial benign soft tissue masses through a direct quantitative analysis.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Elastic Modulus ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques* ; Epidermal Cyst ; Ganglion Cysts ; Humans ; Lipoma ; Retrospective Studies ; Shear Strength ; Ultrasonography

This study presents the development and validation of a risk assessment program of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). This program was developed by the Korean government (Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency) and a private corporation (Korea Telecom, KT), using a national database (Korean animal health integrated system, KAHIS).