PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify levels of cognitive distortion, depression, and gambling severity and to identify the influences of cognitive distortion and depression on gambling severity in Koreans with a gambling disorder. METHODS: The participants in this study were 150 Koreans with a gambling disorder. Data were collected using self-report structured questionnaires which included individual characteristics, the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale, the Center for the Epidemiologic Studies Depression, and the Problem Gambling Severity Index. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. RESULTS: Gambling severity had a significant correlation with gambling related cognitions scale-perceived inability to stop gambling (r=.29, p<.001) and depression (r=.34, p<.001). Among predictors, depression (β=.24, p=.035) and type of housing tenure (β=.26, p=.022) had statistically significant influence on gambling severity. The explanatory power of this regression model was 17.0% (F=3.72, p=.003). CONCLUSION: The findings from this study indicate that interventions to decrease depression are essential to decrease the gambling severity of Koreans with gambling disorder.
Cognition ; Depression* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Gambling* ; Housing

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify levels of recognition of motivation for change, gambling severity, depression, and gambling urge and to identify factors influencing recognition of motivation for change in pathological gamblers. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design was used. Participants in the survey for this study were 163 pathological gamblers from gambling counseling G center in Gyeonggi province. Data were collected from January, 2014 to February, 2015 using self-report structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and Stepwise regression with SPSS 19.0 program. RESULTS: Gambling severity (p<.001), depression (p=.025) and recognition of motivation for change showed strong correlations. Gambling severity and type of housing tenure were identified as factors influencing recognition of motivation for change in pathological gamblers. These variables explained 31% of recognition of motivation for change. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study indicate that these variables should be considered in developing nursing intervention programs to improve motivation for change in pathological gamblers.
Counseling ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Gambling ; Gyeonggi-do ; Housing ; Motivation* ; Nursing

PURPOSE: Both antithrombin III(ATIII) and Gabexate mesilate(Foy) are effective for the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC). However, their mechanisms of action are slightly different, and combined effect of ATIII and Foy in premature infant with DIC has not been studied. We evaluated therapeutic efficacy of treatments with either ATIII or Foy alone or both in combination. METHODS: We studied 23 premature infants of gestational ages between 30 and 36 weeks with DIC. Group A(n=10) was treated by ATIII only, Group B(n=7) by Foy only and Group C(n=6) by both ATIII and Foy. Three groups were compared for volume of blood sampling and transfusion and hematologic data. RESULTS: Improvement of hematologic data(platelet, PT, aPTT, fibrinogen, FDP) was not significantly different among 3 groups. The mean volume of blood sampling during 5 days of treatment was 30 mL, 22.5 mL, and 30 mL, respectively. The mean volume of packed RBC transfusion was 12.8 mL, 9 mL, and 2.5 mL, respectively: and mean volume of platelet transfusion was 25.9 mL, 10 mL, and 0 mL, respectively, showing no significant statistical difference. But the mean volume of FFP transfusion was 141 mL only in group B, significantly higher compared to other groups. CONCLUSION: The combination therapy of ATIII and Foy significantly decreased the volume of FFP transfusion and may be more effective than monotherapy with ATIII or Foy alone in DIC of premature infant.
Dacarbazine ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation* ; Fibrinogen ; Gabexate* ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Platelet Transfusion ; Thrombin*

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify levels of family function, codependency, depression, and self-esteem, and to identify factors influencing family function in families pathological gamblers. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design was used. Participants in the survey for this study were 103 families pathological gamblers from gambling counseling G center in Gyung-gi province. Data were collected from January to December, 2012 using self-report structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and Stepwise regression with SAS program. RESULTS: Codependency, depression, self-esteem and family function showed strong correlations (p<.001). Family status, type of housing tenure, codependency and self-esteem were identified as factors influencing family function in families pathological gamblers. These variables explained 27% of family function. CONCLUSION: Findings of this study suggest that these variables should be considered in developing nursing intervention programs to improve family function in families pathological gamblers.
Codependency (Psychology) ; Counseling ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Family Health ; Gambling ; Housing ; Humans ; Nursing ; Self Concept

Animal models for human chronic pain syndromes were developed and widely used for pain research. One of thsese neuropathic pain model by Kim and Chung[1992] has many advantages for operation and pain elicitation. We have examined the c-fos protein, substance P, CGRP immunoreactivity in dorsal root ganglia and dorsal horn in this neuropathic model. About 50 Sprague-Dawley rats were used for this study. L5 and L6 spinal nerve were ligated tightly to produce neuropathic pain model. After 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 hours and 1 week of surgery, rats were anesthesized and sacrificed by perfusion through the left ventricle with saline followed by 0.1M phosphate buffer[pH 7.4] containing 3% paraformaldehyde, 3% glutaraldehyde, and 0.1% picric acid. After confirmation of the roots transected by the surgery, the L5 and L6 dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord were removed and processed for immunohistochemistry. All tissue sections were immunohistochemically stained for substance P, CGRP and c-fos by using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase[PAP] method. Count the number of immunostained substance P and CGRP dorsal root ganglion cells and c-fos immunoreactive dorsal horn cells and analyzed statistically with Mann-Whitney U test. The results are as follows. 1. The number of c-fos protein immunoreactive neurons in the superficial layer of dorsal horn were increased markedly at 2 hours after operation, gradually decreased to normal level 1 week after operation. 2. The number of c-fos protein immunoreactive neurons in the deep layer of dorsal horn were gradually increased to the peak 24 hours after operation, decreased to normal level 1 week after operation. 3. The number of substance P and CGRP immunoreactive L5 and L6 dorsal root ganglion neurons were decreased markedly at 1 week after pain model operation. In conclusion, after neuropathic pain model operation, c-fos protein were immediately expressed in the superficial layer of spinal dorsal horn, thereafter c-fos protein in the deep layer of spinal dorsal horn were expressed. CGRP and substance P immunoreactive neurons were decreased markedly 1 week after neuropathic pain model operation.
Animals ; Chronic Pain ; Ganglia, Spinal* ; Glutaral ; Heart Ventricles ; Horns* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Models, Animal ; Neuralgia ; Neurons* ; Perfusion ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases* ; Posterior Horn Cells ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Nerve Roots* ; Spinal Nerves ; Substance P

No abstract available.
Odontogenic Cyst, Calcifying

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a major regulator of blood pressure. The angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AGTR 1) A1166C has been extensively studied in searching for their involvement in the development of hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine the association of the AGTR 1 A1166C marker with essential hypertension in Korean adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty hypertensive adolescents were included in this study. The obesity index (OI) and body mass index (BMI) of the subjects were calculated. Blood pressure was measured at the resting state by oscillometric methods. The serum aldosterone, renin, insulin, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate levels were measured. The carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and diameter and the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were evaluated by ultrasound. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to amplify the DNA of each of the study subjects to analyze the polymorphism of AGTR 1 A1166C. RESULTS: The genotypic frequency of AA was 87.5%, that for adenylate cyclase (AC) was 12.5% and no CC type was detected. The serum homocysteine level was higher in the subjects with the AC genotype than that in the subjects with the AA genotype (11.9+/-2.9 umol/L vs 17.1+/-4.2 umol/L, respectively). The carotid IMT of the subjects with the AA genotype was greater than that of the subjects with the AC genotype (5.0+/-0.1 mm vs 8.0+/-0.2 mm, respectively). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the A1166C mutation group had a significantly greater carotid IMT and higher homocysteine levels than the group with the normal genotype of AGTR 1. The AC genotype of A1166C may be useful to predict the presence of early coronary artery disease in hypertensive adolescents. More investigation is necessary to clarify the relation between the A1166C gene and its involvement with coronary artery disease in hypertensive Korean adolescents.
Adenylyl Cyclases ; Adolescent ; Aldosterone ; Angiotensin II ; Angiotensins ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Coronary Artery Disease ; DNA ; Folic Acid ; Genotype ; Homocysteine ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Insulin ; Obesity ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 ; Receptors, Angiotensin ; Renin ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; Vitamin B 12

The syndrome of ectopic production of ACTH by non-pituitary neoplasm occur with various types of tu#rnors. Pheochromocytoma is a rare, but one of the important causes of this syndrome. Recently we experienced a 36-year-old male patient with ACTH-producing pheochromocytoma. After left adrenalectomy, serum ACTH level retumed to the normal range. The patient became normotensive without antihypertensive agents and hyperglycemia resolved and insulin therapy was discontinued. Secretion of ACTH was confirmed by immunohistochemical stain.
ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic* ; Adrenalectomy ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Adult ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Insulin ; Male ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Reference Values

The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of tetracycline - HCl on the change of implant surface microstructure according to application time. Implants with pure titanium machined surface and titanium plasma-sprayed surface were utilized. Implant surface was rubbed with 50mg/ml tetracycline - HCl solution for 1 min., 1 1/2 min., 2 min., 2 1/2 min. and 3min. respectively in the test group and with saline for 1 min. in the control group. Then, the specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopic observation. The following results were obtained. 1. Pure titanium machined surfaces conditioned with saline for 1 min., showed a few shallow grooves and ridges and were less irregular. 2. Pure titanium machined surfaces conditioned with 50mg/ml tetracycline - HCl solution showed more irregular and corrosive surfaces compared to the control group irrespective of the application time of tetracycline - HCl solution. 3. Titanium plasma-sprayed surfaces conditioned with saline for 1 min., were deposited with round or amorphous particles and showed round or irregular pores that can be connected to each other. 4. The irregularity of titanium plasma-sprayed surfaces conditioned with 50mg/ml tetracycline - HCl solution was lessened and the flattened areas were wider relative to the application time of tetracycline - HCl solution. 5. Titanium plasma-sprayed surfaces conditioned with tetracycline - HCl solution for 1 min. and 1 1/2 min. were very similar to that of the control group, but the surfaces conditioned for 2 min., 2 1/2 min. and 3 min. were changed. In conclusion, pure titanium machined surfaces were changed irrespective of the application time of tetracycline - HCl solution. And titanium plasma-sprayed surfaces conditioned with tetracycline - HCl solution began to be changed from 11/2 min. This results will be applicable to the regenerative procedures for peri-implantitis treatment.
Peri-Implantitis ; Tetracycline* ; Titanium

PURPOSE: Adiponectin is a molecule that plays an important role in the metabolic syndrome. In addition, its concentration is known to be decreased in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and coronary artery disease. Although a relationship between hypertension and serum adiponectin concentrations has been reported by several authors, such findings continue to be debated. We investigated whether hypoadiponectinemia is related to hypertension in adolescents and studied the associated genetic polymorphism. METHODS: Forty hypertensive adolescents (Age 16-17 years old) and twenty normotensive matched subjects were included. Serum adipo-nectin, insulin, renin, aldosterone and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) levels were compared. Their carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured. Polymorphisms of the adiponectin I164T gene were investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: The hypertensive adolescents had significantly greater cIMT and PWV. In addition, the serum aldosterone, renin and insulin levels were significantly higher in the hypertensive group. The plasma concentrations of adiponectin did not differ significantly between the two groups. TC genotype was not found in our study subjects; they all had the TT genotype of the adiponectine gene. CONCLUSION: The results of our study showed that adiponectin levels were not significantly different in adolescents with hypertension. There was no distinctive genetic polymorphism observed in this group of patients. Further large scale studies are needed to clarify the association between genetic variations and adiponectin in hypertensive adolescents.
Adiponectin ; Adolescent ; Aldosterone ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Insulin ; Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; Obesity ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Plasma ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Renin