BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of tuberculosis has been based on the detection of tubercle bacilli by acid-fast stain of smear or cultures, and recently the serologic diagnosis of tuberculosis has been provided a means of sensitive and specific detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We evaluated the utility of enzyme immunoassay using determiner Tuberculosis Glicolipids(TBGL) antibody kit(Kyowa Medex Co. Ltd, Japan) to detect anti-TBGL antibody for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS: Anti-TBGL antibody assay was performed to the form 44 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis(17 patients with smear positive, 7 patients with only culture positive, 20 patients with clinically active tuberculosis) and 80 controls (30 healthy controls, 24 patients with non-tuberculous respiratory diseases, 26 patients with inactive tuberculosis). We compared the sensitivity and specificity of anti-TBGL antibody with culture and AFB stain. RESULTS: Anti-TBGL antibodies were detected in 16 of 17(94%) smear positive patients, 4 of 7 patients with only culture positive and 16 of 20(80%) smear negative patients who had been clinically diagnosed as active pulmonary tuberculosis. Nine(35%) out of 26 patients with inactive tuberculosis, one(4%) out of 24 patients with non-tuberculous respiratory diseases and no one of healthy control had a positive antibody response. Overall sensitivity, specificity of the anti-TBGL antibody assay were 82%, 88%, respectively and sensitivities and specificities of culture and AFB smear 64%, 97%, and 49%, 100%, respectively. Anti-TBGL antibody titers in patients with active tuberculosis were significantly higher than control grup(P<0.05). Conclusions : The anti-TBGL antibody assay was sensitive, rapid and convenient. This assay will be useful as a tool for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in combination with other conventional methods.
Antibodies ; Antibody Formation ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

Two hundred sixty six children were retrospectively surveyed from first to fifth grade to find out the status of obesity during four years. The obesity index was gained by height and weight data from student's health file and the data about eating behaviors and weight control behaviors, etc. were collected by questionnaires. Children assigned to one of the following groups : underweight, normal, overweight and obese. The results were as follows ; 1. Obese children were 18.6%(n=27) of boys and 10.8%(n=13) of girls at fifth grade. 2. Twenty eight children among forty obese children at fifth grade were also overweight or obese at first grade, and the other twelve was normal. 3. Breakfast skipping rate was significantly high among underweight and obese group of boys(p<0.01).The most children(8736%) had prejudice for special foods. 4. The rate of agreement between obesity index and self recognition of body image was 60.7% in boys and 63.6% in girls. 5. Forty two point five percent of children have ever tried weight control as exercise(35.7%), reducing sugars and snacks(27%), feasting(23.8S%), avoiding fatty foods(12.7%), taking diet food or drug(0.8%). In conclusion, the prevalence of children obesity is gradually increasing and children tried weight control without right guidances. In order to prevent progress into adulthood obesity, nutrition education should be followed with school foodservice including the right perception for obesity, proper weight control and eating behavior modification.
Body Image ; Breakfast ; Carbohydrates ; Child* ; Diet ; Eating* ; Education ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Incheon* ; Obesity* ; Overweight ; Prejudice ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Retrospective Studies* ; Thinness

The peritoneal equilibration test(PET) has been recommended in adults as a standardized means of estimating solute transport. However, it appears that norrns for pediatric PD patients may be different. We performed a PET on 16 children aged 3 to 18 years using a dwell volume for 30ml/kg of 2.596 dialysate. Our children transported glucose more rapidly than adults, however, creatinine transport was not significantly different. Age did not correlate with D/13% glucose or drainage volume. There was negative correlation between D/D% glucose and D/P Cr. There was no significant difference between initial and maintenance CAPD patients. There was slight difference in patients with previous peritonitis. In conclusion, there was difference in glucose transport between children and adults.
Adult ; Child* ; Creatinine ; Drainage ; Glucose ; Humans ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Peritonitis

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate factors affecting prevention performance of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) among long-term care hospital nurses. Methods: The participants were 162 nurses in 11 long-term care hospitals. Data were collected from May 21 to June 4, 2021, using structured questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed with an independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, a one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression analysis. All analyses were performed using SPSS/WIN 26.0. Results: The factors influencing the prevention performance of CAUTI were formal learning (β=.22, p=.003) and prevention knowledge on CAUTI (β=.17, p=.029). These variables explained 13% of the prevention performance of CAUTI. Conclusion In this study, it is necessary for long-term care hospitals to develop infection prevention educational programs for CAUTI based on nursing evidence and ensure that nurses apply the knowledge obtained through these educational programs.

Allopurinol is widely used for chronic tophaceous gout as a uric acid lowering agent. Hypersensitivity to allopurinol occurrs in about 10% of patients, which limits the usage of allopurinol. The successful oral and intravenous desensitization of allopurinol has been reported worldwide since 1976. We recently experienced a 51-year-old male patient with gouty arthritis and hyperuricemia, who had previously experienced skin rash after allopurinol treatment. When allopurinol was retried, erythematous and foliative skin rash developed on entire body. Because allopurinol was essential in controlling hyperuricemia, the oral desensitization of allopurinol was tried. We report successful rapid oral allopurinol desensitization in the patient with chronic tophaceous gout, who exhibited exfoliative dermatitis as allopurinol hypersensitivity.
Allopurinol* ; Arthritis, Gouty ; Dermatitis, Exfoliative* ; Exanthema ; Gout ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Hyperuricemia ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Uric Acid

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the influence of resilience and symptom experience on quality of life. METHODS: Seventy five patients in an active treatment stage were recruited from 2 hospitals between October and December 2010. A survey including perceived health status, physical functional status, the symptom experience index, resilience, and the functional assessment of cancer therapy-colorectal (FACT-C) was completed. RESULTS: The level of FACT-C was 86.61 (+/-18.91), which was higher than for patients with colostomy, but lower than for patients in a rehabilitation stage. Participants without physical functional limitations showed higher level of both resilience and quality of life. Participants with bad health status showed a lower level of both resilience and quality of life and higher level of symptom experience. The quality of life was related to the level of resilience (beta=.373), symptom experience (beta=-.292), and perceived health status (beta=-3.961). CONCLUSION: Proactive nursing approaches to manage symptoms and to improve perceived health status would enhance the quality of life of colorectal cancer patients. Furthermore, various strategies to strengthen the level of resilience should be developed.
Colorectal Neoplasms ; Colostomy ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Resilience, Psychological

PURPOSE: This study was done to compare the diagnostic value of the Mycoplasma antibody (M- Ab) test and the cold agglutinin (CA) test from the onset of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia to its diagnosis in children. METHODS: We analyzed 48 cases of M. pneumoniae pneumonia in children who were admitted to the Pediatric Department of Ulsan Dongkang General Hospital for 1 year in 1996 which were diagnosed retrospectively by clinical findings and by both the M-Ab test and CA test on admission. RESULTS: The peak incidence of age was between 5 and 9 years, and the sex ratio of boy to girl was 1:1.1. In the 48 cases of Mycoplasma pneumonia, 13 cases (27.1%) had a duration of below 7 days from onset of disease to diagnosis; 24 cases (50.0%), 7 days to 13 days; 7 cases (14.6%), 14 days to 20 days; and 4 cases (8.3%), over 21 days. The positive rate of the M-Ab test (87.5%) was significantly higher than that of the CA test (37.5%) in the total 48 cases (P<0.01). The positive rate of the M-Ab test (92.3%) was significantly higher than that of the CA test (15.4%) in 13 cases which were above-mentioned (P<0.01). The positive rate of the M-Ab test (87.5%) was significantly higher than that of the CA test (45.8%) in 24 cases which were above-mentioned (P<0.01). The positive rate of the M-Ab test (71.4%) was the same as that of the CA test (71.4%) in 7 cases which were above-mentioned. The 4 cases which were above-mentioned, were positive in the M-Ab test only (P<0.05). No significant relationship was found between the M-Ab test and the CA test. CONCLUSION: The positive rate of the M-Ab test was higher than that of the CA test, especially in cases which had the duration of below 14 days and over 21 days from onset of disease to diagnosis, so the M-Ab test was considered more effective for early diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumonia in chidren during that period.
Child* ; Diagnosis* ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Mycoplasma* ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Ratio ; Ulsan

Despite acknowledgment that pain is likely to be a major problem for many older adults, it is difficult to estimate the frequency of pain problems for this population. The main purpose of this study was to identify the various characteristics of chronic pain in the elderly by gender. It examines by gender, pain frequency, pain intensity, number of chronic pain sites, localization of pain, impact on activities, methods of pain management, and effects of chronic pain management. The subjects were 189 elderly people(65 years and older) living in an urban area. They were surveyed at their homes. They were surveyed by interview using a closed-ended questionnaire. The survey was done from Nov. 6th. to Dec. 6th. 1997. Descriptive statistics were used to determine all of the reported pain variables. Chi-square tests were used to determine crude differences between pain intensity and gender. T-test was used to determine differences in number of pain sites between men and women. The findings are as follows ; Of the 189 subjects, 83.6% reported experiencing pain, and men reported a lower prevalence(69.5%) than women(89.2%). Women had significantly more severe pain than did men(p=.001). Lower back pain(20.2%) and leg pain(20.2%) were the most prevalent, followed by knee pain(17.4%), arm pain(13.3%), neck and shoulder pain(11.6%), and headache(9.9%). Women experienced more multiple localizations of pain(p=.0001). The greatest impact was on movement(83.5%), followed by usual activities(60.8%), sleep(49.4%), visiting(29.1%), and hobbies and recreations(50.0%). No differences were observed between men and women in the proportion of subjects reporting a negative impact on each of these activities. The methods of pain management were hospital visit(70.9%), drug store medication(46.7%), oriental medicine clinic(32.9%), endurance(13.3%), self-management(6.3%). Drug therapy was the most effective pain management strategy(94%), followed by physical therapy(63%) and accupuncture byssocausis(55%). The conclusion: Pain is a symptom of great clinical importance that is often associated with disability, loss of independence, and reduced quality of life. In this study chronic pain symptoms were common but unevenly distributed in men and women. The results further advance understanding of the experience and impact of pain by gender. Future studies should incorporate questions that gather systemic and more detailed information on the characteristics of pain, expecially by gender and by age.
Adult ; Aged* ; Arm ; Chronic Pain ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Hobbies ; Humans ; Knee ; Leg ; Male ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Neck ; Pain Management ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Shoulder

PURPOSE: The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of etched microgrooves on the hydrophilicity of Ti and osteoblast responses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Microgrooves were applied on Ti to have 15 and 60 micrometer width, and 3.5 and 10 micrometer depth by photolithography, respectively. Further acid etching was applied to create Ti surfaces with etched microgrooves. Both smooth- and acid-etched Ti were used as the controls. The hydrophilicity of Ti was analyzed by determining contact angles. Cell proliferation and osteogenic activity of MC3T3 mouse preosteoblasts were analyzed by bromodeoxyuridine assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity test, respectively. One-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used for statistics. RESULTS: Etched microgrooves significantly increased the hydrophilicity of Ti compared to the smooth Ti. 60 micrometer-wide etched microgrooves significantly enhanced cell proliferation, whereas the osteogenic activity showed statistically non-significant differences between groups. Result of the osteogenic activity significantly correlated with those of hydrophilicity and cell proliferation. Hydrophilicity was determined to be an influential factor on osteogenic activity. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that increase in hydrophilicity of Ti caused by etched microgrooves acts as an influential factor on osteogenic activity. However, statistically non-significant increase in the ALP activity suggests further investigation.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Cell Proliferation ; Durapatite ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Mice ; Osteoblasts ; Pilot Projects ; Titanium

BACKGROUND: To reduce the disadvantages with both epidural and spinal block, a combined spinal epidural(CSE) technique was introduced by Brownridge in 1981. The effect of the combined spinal-epidural block was compared with the spinal block for elective cesarean section. METHODS: Fifty healthy parturients were randomly divided into a spinal(n=20) group and a CSE(n=30) group. In the spinal group, 0.5 ml of 5% meperidine(25 mg) mixed with 40~50 mg of 5% hyperbaric lidocaine was injected into the subarachnoid space . In the CSE group, 0.5 ml of 5% meperidine also was injected into the subarachnoid space through a long 26-gauge Quincke needle, which was introduced through an 18-gauge Tuohy needle. An epidural catheter was then inserted and 1.5% lidocaine 7~9 ml was given. RESULTS: 1) The mean time interval from the end of drug injection to T4 sensory block was 3.6?1.0 min in the CSE block and 3.6?1.2 min in the spinal block. The mean level of peak sensory block was T3.3?0.6 in the CSE block and T3.5?0.5 in the spinal block. The time interval between the end of drug injection and Bromage scale 0 of the CSE block(62.1?27.9 min) was significantly (p<0.0001) shorter than the spinal block(102.1?24.0 min). Hypotension ocurred in 14 patients(47%) of the CSE block and 10 patients(50%) of the spinal block. The surgical analgesia was exellent or good in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The CSE block using meperidine and hyperbaric lidocaine for cesarean section resulted in rapid onset, good surgical analgesia and rapid motor recovery. And incidence of hypotension of the both groups was not significantly different.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Catheters ; Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Lidocaine* ; Meperidine* ; Needles ; Pregnancy ; Subarachnoid Space