No abstract available.
Humans

No abstract available.

A total of 228 dental hygienists working in dental hospitals and clinics in the Busan and Gyeongnam areas were surveyed between August 1, 2015, and October 15, 2015. The factors influencing infection control awareness and implementation levels among the dental hygienists were investigated to prepare basic data with the goal of establishing guidelines for systemic infection control. Treatment preparation support for infection control positively correlated with equipment and facility support (r=0.4343, p<0.01), treatment skill and information support (r=0.231, p<0.01), infection control education support (r=0.266, p<0.01), infection control awareness (r=0.354, p<0.01), and infection control implementation levels (r=0.442, p<0.01). Equipment and facility support positively correlated with treatment skill and information support (r=0.418, p<0.01), infection control education support (r=0.422, p<0.01), infection control awareness (r=0.404, p<0.01), and infection control implementation levels (r=0.454, p<0.01). Infection control education support positively correlated with infection control awareness (r=0.348, p<0.01) and infection control implementation levels (r=0.405, p<0.01). Infection control awareness positively correlated with the infection control implementation level (r=0.879, p<0.01). The factors influencing the awareness of infection control include treatment preparation support, equipment and facility support, treatment skill and information support, and infection control education support. The influencing the infection control implementation level include treatment preparation support, equipment and facility support, infection control education support, and treatment skill and information support. To enhance the awareness of infection control and implementation levels amongdental hygienists, an infection control system must be established and implemented A rigorous system for evaluating dental clinics must also be established to ensure an ideal dental treatment environment and to protect patients' health and safety.
Busan ; Dental Clinics ; Dental Hygienists* ; Education ; Humans ; Infection Control*

The effect of epinephrine on epidural biock and blood lidocaine concentration was investigated in women undergoing elective cesarean sections (n=24). Patients were randomly allocated to one of the two groups; one group received 2% lidocaine 20ml plain (group l, n=12), the other group received 2% lidocaine mixed with epinephrine 1 in 200,000 (group 2, n=12). Matemal venous blood samples were obtained 10, 20, 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes following the injection. The mean blood concentration of lidocaine in group 2 was significantly lower than that of group 1, 20 minutes following the injection (P<0.05). The addition of epinephrine to the lidocaine solution reduced the peak blood concentration by 24% (from 3.93 to 3.01 ug/ml); however, this did not prolong the times at which the peak concentration was reached. The group 1 (plain) needed significantly more supplementary analgesia than group 2. The time from injection to Bromage scale 0 of group 2 (88.2+/-21.3 minutes) was significantly longer than that of group 1 (52.8+/-10.0 minutes). Incidence of matemal hypotension during operation, nausea/vomiting and shivering in the recovery, room did not differ significantly between the two groups. From this we came to the conclusion that epidural epinephrine reduces blood concentration of lidocaine and improves the duration and the quality of epidural anesthesia during cesarean sections.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Cesarean Section* ; Epinephrine* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Lidocaine* ; Pregnancy ; Shivering

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was the development and validation of a scale to measure the self-care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) in Korea. METHOD: Self-care scale was developed based on the self-care activities patients had to carry out in order to manage their COPD. The original scale contained 34 items rated along a five-point Likert scale and was reviewed by 18 professional nurses and 10 Korean patients with COPD for content validity. Subsequently, patients with COPD were asked to complete this 23-item scale and further tests were done with the 125 useable responses. RESULT: Factor analysis identified eight factors- "maintaining a clean air way", "taking medication", "support from family", "preventing infection", "managing symptoms", "breathing exercising", and "taking in nutrition". The internal consistency of the total scale was Cronbach's alpha=0.7226. These eight factors explained 60.8% of total variance. There was correlation among Korean Self-Care Scale score, administration level, and knowledge level but there was no correlation to patients' satisfaction with medical services. CONCLUSION: The 23 item questionnaire positively identified 8 areas defined important for COPD patients. Further studies are required to see how these can be integrated into patient education.

BACKGROUND: The identification of genetic abnormalities in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has gained emphasis because genetics-based risk stratification significantly affects overall survival (OS). We investigated genetic abnormalities using conventional cytogenetics and FISH and analyzed the prognostic significance of the identified additional abnormalities in MM. METHODS: In total, 267 bone marrow samples were collected from February 2006 to November 2013 from patients who were newly diagnosed as having MM in a tertiary-care hospital in Korea. The clinical and laboratory data were retrospectively obtained. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to examine the relationship between clinical/genetic factors and survival outcome, using univariate and multivariate models. RESULTS: Using conventional cytogenetic analysis and FISH, 45% (120/267) and 69% (183/267) patients, respectively, were identified to harbor genetic abnormalities. In the univariate analysis, the following genetic variables were identified to affect OS: abnormal karyotype (P < 0.001), aneuploidy (P=0.046), −13 or del(13q) (P=0.002), 1q amplification (P < 0.001), and t(4;14) (P=0.020). In the multivariate analysis, the presence of −13 or del(13q) was the only significant genetic factor affecting OS (P=0.012) with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.131 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.185–3.832) in addition to the clinical factor of age (>65 years) (P=0.013) with an HR of 2.505 (95% CI, 1.218–5.151). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the importance of applying a comprehensive approach for detecting genetic abnormalities, which could be closely associated with the prognostic significance of MM.
Abnormal Karyotype ; Aneuploidy ; Bone Marrow ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; Cytogenetics ; Humans ; Korea ; Multiple Myeloma* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

We describe a 38-year-old woman with an adenoma of anogenital mammary-like glands on the left labium major. Adenomas of anogenital mammary-like glands have been rarely reported with various nomenclatures in the English literature. The knowledge of this rare disease entity may be important to diagnose and treat the lesions arising on the anogenital areas.
Adenoma* ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Rare Diseases

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of undetermined etiology and pathogenesis that involves the skin and many of the internal organs. It involves any organ of the body; how-ever, the most common sites are the lung, lymph node, skin, and eye. Psoriasiform eruption is a rare morphologic manifestation of sarcoidosis. We report herein a case of 36-year-old man with psoriasiform papules on the elbows, forearms and knees of 5-year duration. Histopathologic examination revealed sarcoid granuloma throughout the dermis. This is the second case of psoriasiform sarcoidosis in Korea.
Adult ; Dermis ; Elbow ; Forearm ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Knee ; Korea ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Sarcoidosis* ; Skin

No abstract available.
Cesarean Section, Repeat* ; Female ; Fistula*

BACKGROUND: Labial pigmented lesions include labial melanotic macule, ephelids, lentigo, venous hemangioma, amalgam tattoo, junctional nevus, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Addison's disease, Laugier s disease, and superficial spreading melanoma. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was aimed at investigating the clinical and histopathological characteristics of labial melanotic macule during the past 10 years. METHODS: Clinical information of 49 patients with pigmented lesion of the lips diagnosed in Asan Medical Center from 1989 to 1999 was obtained from the medical records and clinical follow-ups. We re-evaluated all the biopsy specimens obtained from the patients. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients with labial melanotic macule were enrolled in this study. There were 16 women and 10 men. Age at onset varied from 20 to 65 years in women and from 28 to 68 years in men. The duration of the lesion ranged from 4 months to 12 years (mean, 4.5 years). The majority of patients had solitary lesions on the lower lip. Histopathologic examination of biopsy specimens showed increased pigmentation of the basal layer, mild acanthosis without elongation of rete ridges, and scattered melanophages in the dermis. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that labial pigmented lesions appearing in adults should be biopsied and labial melanotic macule should be diagnosed after the histopathological examination.
Addison Disease ; Adult ; Biopsy ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Dermis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Lentigo ; Lip ; Male ; Medical Records ; Melanoma ; Nevus ; Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome ; Pigmentation