OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to examine the mental health status of the laid off by comparing the unemployed with the employed. METHODS: A survey questionnaire was used to investigate the mental health status of the laidoff in comparison with that of the employed. The study sample consisted of 247 laid-off people formerly employed in A auto factory and 167 employees working in B auto factory. RESULTS: The proportion exercising regularly was 20.2% for the laid-off and 34.8% for the employed and the proportion having regular meals was 10.9% and 50.6%, respectively. In addition, the frequency and amount of alcohol consumption and smoking of the laid-off were higher than those of the employed. Among the laid-off, 69.4% responded that they spent less time in talking to their spouse, and 65.4% also reported reduced sexual activities with their spouse. Because of unemployment, 41.8% of the laid-off experienced conflicts with their children, and 53.5% also perceived that they were stigmatized and treated badly by their neighbors, friends and relatives. Mean IFR in the laid-off was 22.9, which was much higher than the 15.3 recorded in the employed. The mean PWI-SF was 24.2 for the laid-off and 13.0 for the employed, which indicates the lower psychological health status of the laid-off than that of the employed. Age, annual salary, family relationship, regular exercise, regular diets, possibility to return to work and perception of the future were related to mental health status for the laid-off. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the most important factor influencing mental health status for the laid-off was family relationships. CONCLUSIONS: According to the above results, the mental health of the laid-off is worse than that of the employed. Based on this study, a follow-up study focusing on the mental health status of the reemployed to the same factory, is needed to understand the direct mental health effect on the laid-off.
Alcohol Drinking ; Child ; Diet ; Family Relations ; Friends ; Humans ; Meals ; Mental Health* ; Questionnaires ; Return to Work ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Sexual Behavior ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Spouses ; Unemployment

Dubin-Johnson Syndrome is a form of benign, familial idiopathic jaundice presenting with chronic intermittentconjugated hyperbilirubinnmia and a melamin-like pigment has been found in the parenchymal liver cells. This disorder is rarely diagnosed in the neonatal period. We report a case of Dubin-Johnson syndrome presenting with neonatal cholestasis.
Cholestasis ; Jaundice ; Jaundice, Chronic Idiopathic* ; Liver

Dubin-Johnson Syndrome is a form of benign, familial idiopathic jaundice presenting with chronic intermittentconjugated hyperbilirubinnmia and a melamin-like pigment has been found in the parenchymal liver cells. This disorder is rarely diagnosed in the neonatal period. We report a case of Dubin-Johnson syndrome presenting with neonatal cholestasis.
Cholestasis ; Jaundice ; Jaundice, Chronic Idiopathic* ; Liver

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous* ; Child* ; Colon* ; Humans ; Mucins*

An anatomical evaluation of the limbus-insertion distance and width at insertion of the horizontal rectus muscle had been measured on enuclated eyes from normal adult cadavers by several authors. We measured the variation in the limbus-insertion distance and width of 214 horizontal rectus muscles in 111 strabismus patients, composed of 38 esotropes and 73 exotropes. We also evaluated their relation to strabismus. The results were as follows: 1. The average limbus-insertion distance of medial rectus was 4.38 +/- 0.45 mm and lateral rectus was 5.56 +/- 0.84 mm and the average width of medial rectus at insertion was 9.19 +/- 0.78 mm and that of lateral was 8.32 +/- 1.00 mm. 2. The largest values for limbus-insertion distance and width of medial rectus were found in esotropes in the 8 to 13 years old age group(9.76 +/- 0.12 mm and 4.53 +/- 0.44 mm respectively), and those of lateral rectus in exotropes in the 13 to 18 years old age group(8.66 +/- 0.95mm and 6.09 +/- 0.45mm respectively). 3. The limbus-insertion distance and width at insertion was larger in male than in female and it was especially significant in the medial rectus muscle of esotropes(p<0.001). 4. The limbus-insertion distance and width tended to be larger in horizontal deviation greater than 40 delta. as compared to those of 40 delta or less.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Cadaver ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles* ; Strabismus*

Choristoma is a congenital abnormal growth of tissue with components which are not characteristic of the location. Most choristomas often affect tissues of one germinal layer, mainly ectodermal layer, but complex choristoma contains two or more choristomatous tissues(ectodermal, mesodermal and rarely entodermal tissue) except lacking pilosebaceous apparatus. We experienced a case of large bilateral saccular complex choristomas including scleral and episcleral cartilage in the upper part of cornea, limbus and sclera, which was confirmed histopathologically.
Cartilage* ; Choristoma* ; Cornea ; Ectoderm ; Mesoderm ; Sclera

No abstract available.
Lissencephaly* ; Walker-Warburg Syndrome

It is important to detect binocular suppression of pediatric strabismic patients, especially in accommodative esotropes and intermittent exotropes. However, it may take a long time and false results may be obtained in young children. In order to examine binocular suppression, we selected 103 accommodative esotropes with binocular suppression. Vectograph test, Worth 4 dot test, and 4 prism base-out test were performed at distance, and Worth 4 dot test, TNO test, and Bagolini test at near. Titmus fly test and Randot stereotest were administerd to know the relationship between stereoacuity and suppression. In detecting binocular suppression, the true rate of vectogram was 95%, which was the highest result of all tests and 4 prism base-out test was the next with 88% of the true rate. The stereoacuity was increased in proportional to the absence of suppression. The vectographic porject test was the easiest and the most accurate test to identify normal fusion or binocular suppression at distance in young strabismic children. The accuracy will be increased in the combination with 4 prism base-out test. Therefore the vectograph also can be used in the screening of small amount of deviation, monocular amblyopia and low vision in kindergarten and elementary school.
Amblyopia ; Child ; Diptera ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Telescopes* ; Vision, Low

No abstract available.
Blister*

Purpose: Safe sleep practices (SSP) are among the main strategies to reduce sleep-related sudden unexplained infant death (SUID). Daycare personnel must be knowledgeable and trained in SSP related to SUID. This study explored the experience, knowledge, and confidence regarding SSP associated with SUID of daycare personnel. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 395 staff members at 61 daycare centers to measure their experience related to SSP (10 items), related to sleep position and location, bedding materials, and other topics; knowledge of SSP (18 items); and confidence in SSP (1 item) related to SUID. Results: A substantial proportion (23.6%) of respondents used the lateral or prone positions for infant sleep. On average, 4.5 bedding materials were used for infant sleep. Participants showed a lack of knowledge about SSP as indicated by a 56.6% knowledge of SSP related to SUID correct answer rate. Personnel who received SUID education were more knowledgeable and had more confidence regarding SSP than those who did not. More knowledge and confidence related to SSP were associated with better adherence to SSP. Conclusion Standard SSP guidelines should be developed based on South Korea's culture of childcare for educating both childcare professionals and parents at home.