Computed tomography can be diagnostic with orbital fractures, because it provides detailed visualization of anatomical relationship on both the bones and soft tissues of the orbits. By identifying a group of patient at high risk for enophthalmos and persistent diplopia, we were able to decise the indication of operation. From January 1991 to December 1996, the authors reviewed of 106 consecutive patients(118 eyes)with orbital fractures proven by computed tomography respectively. Among them, 13 patients were repaired surgically. The results were as follows. Orbital fractures occurred most frequently between the ages of 21 and 40 years of men, and the most common cause of those was traffic accident. The incidence of orbital fracture was higher on the left side of orbit. In single wall fractures, the most common involved wall was medial wall, followed by inferior, superior and lateral wall in order. In combined wall fractures, medial and inferior wall fractures were most common. The associated symptoms and signs of orbital fracture were periorbital swelling, lid laceration, diplopia, and enophthalmos in turn. Subciliary approach was used for repair of the fracture. The surgical intervention was done within 2 weeks.
Accidents, Traffic ; Diplopia ; Enophthalmos ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lacerations ; Male ; Orbit* ; Orbital Fractures*

It is important to detect binocular suppression of pediatric strabismic patients, especially in accommodative esotropes and intermittent exotropes. However, it may take a long time and false results may be obtained in young children. In order to examine binocular suppression, we selected 103 accommodative esotropes with binocular suppression. Vectograph test, Worth 4 dot test, and 4 prism base-out test were performed at distance, and Worth 4 dot test, TNO test, and Bagolini test at near. Titmus fly test and Randot stereotest were administerd to know the relationship between stereoacuity and suppression. In detecting binocular suppression, the true rate of vectogram was 95%, which was the highest result of all tests and 4 prism base-out test was the next with 88% of the true rate. The stereoacuity was increased in proportional to the absence of suppression. The vectographic porject test was the easiest and the most accurate test to identify normal fusion or binocular suppression at distance in young strabismic children. The accuracy will be increased in the combination with 4 prism base-out test. Therefore the vectograph also can be used in the screening of small amount of deviation, monocular amblyopia and low vision in kindergarten and elementary school.
Amblyopia ; Child ; Diptera ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Telescopes* ; Vision, Low

PURPOSE: The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of etched microgrooves on the hydrophilicity of Ti and osteoblast responses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Microgrooves were applied on Ti to have 15 and 60 micrometer width, and 3.5 and 10 micrometer depth by photolithography, respectively. Further acid etching was applied to create Ti surfaces with etched microgrooves. Both smooth- and acid-etched Ti were used as the controls. The hydrophilicity of Ti was analyzed by determining contact angles. Cell proliferation and osteogenic activity of MC3T3 mouse preosteoblasts were analyzed by bromodeoxyuridine assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity test, respectively. One-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used for statistics. RESULTS: Etched microgrooves significantly increased the hydrophilicity of Ti compared to the smooth Ti. 60 micrometer-wide etched microgrooves significantly enhanced cell proliferation, whereas the osteogenic activity showed statistically non-significant differences between groups. Result of the osteogenic activity significantly correlated with those of hydrophilicity and cell proliferation. Hydrophilicity was determined to be an influential factor on osteogenic activity. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that increase in hydrophilicity of Ti caused by etched microgrooves acts as an influential factor on osteogenic activity. However, statistically non-significant increase in the ALP activity suggests further investigation.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Cell Proliferation ; Durapatite ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Mice ; Osteoblasts ; Pilot Projects ; Titanium

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects on health information education for the deaf. METHOD: One group pre-test and post-test research design was applied to 46 deaf people. The instrument developed by research team was used for data collection. The questionnaire consisted of 91 items including demographics and 5 diseases, such as hypertension, cancer, diabetes, pulmonary tuberculosis, and hepatitis. RESULT: The degrees of knowledge on 4 diseases, such as, hypertension, diabetes, pulmonary tuberculosis, and hepatitis were significantly improved. There was no educational effect on cancer even though the degree of knowledge during the pre-test was the highest. There were educational effects on 5 diseases by gender, but no effects by age and hearing/deaf status of parent. CONCLUSION: This study was the first for the deaf in nursing. Further studies are needed for the deaf who have low education. Also, good educational materials using video and CD need to be developed.
Data Collection ; Deafness ; Demography ; Education* ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Methods ; Nursing ; Parents ; Research Design ; Sign Language ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Purpose: Safe sleep practices (SSP) are among the main strategies to reduce sleep-related sudden unexplained infant death (SUID). Daycare personnel must be knowledgeable and trained in SSP related to SUID. This study explored the experience, knowledge, and confidence regarding SSP associated with SUID of daycare personnel. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 395 staff members at 61 daycare centers to measure their experience related to SSP (10 items), related to sleep position and location, bedding materials, and other topics; knowledge of SSP (18 items); and confidence in SSP (1 item) related to SUID. Results: A substantial proportion (23.6%) of respondents used the lateral or prone positions for infant sleep. On average, 4.5 bedding materials were used for infant sleep. Participants showed a lack of knowledge about SSP as indicated by a 56.6% knowledge of SSP related to SUID correct answer rate. Personnel who received SUID education were more knowledgeable and had more confidence regarding SSP than those who did not. More knowledge and confidence related to SSP were associated with better adherence to SSP. Conclusion Standard SSP guidelines should be developed based on South Korea's culture of childcare for educating both childcare professionals and parents at home.

To obtain adequate information of illumination and lens types for visual acuity test of low vision patient, the relation between various illumination and vision was evaluated. Visual acuity for near and effective lens types were examined. Among the 28 patients (of 36 eyes), intensities of illumination were set at 200, 500, 1000 and 2000lux and the lenses of biconvex, aspheric and aplanatic were tested. The best visible range of illumination for the low vision patients was 500-1000lux, with lower power diopter for the same visual acuity and with aspherin and aplantic lenses. Results attained by our study may be applied for appropriate condition of illumiation and type of lens in the low vision care.
Humans ; Lighting* ; Vision, Low ; Visual Acuity*

No abstract available.
Antigens, Surface* ; Oncogenes*

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: For the rapid sequence induction of general anesthesia, succinylcholne, a depolarizing muscle relaxant, has been used. But succinylcholine has many side effects, so various efforts using nondepolarizing muscle relaxants have been tried. We have tried and observed the effect of a curonium-lidocaine mixture administration. METHODS: 120 patients who were scheduled for elective surgery were randomly assigned in 6 groups (Group I, II, III, IL, IIL, IIIL). For groups I, II and III vecuronium was administered only 0.10 mg/kg, 0.12 mg/kg, and 0.15 mg/kg, respectively. For each member of groups IL, IIL and IIIL, lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg was added to the dose of vecuronium of groupI, II and III. The vecuronium or vecuronium- lidocaine mixture was injected for 15 seconds and then thiopental sodium was injected for 15 seconds. 90 seconds after the administration of the vecuronium or vecuronium-lidocaine mixture, every patient was intubated. Intubation condition scores, TOF responses of the adductor pollicis of the thumb, arrhythmia, heart rates, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure were checked and compared. RESULTS: Intubation condition scores were better in groups IL, IIL and IIIL in comparison with groups I, II and III. The TOF responce of the adductor pollicis of the thumb showed a statistically signifiant difference between the lidocaine groups and the nonlidiocaine groups. The time elapsed before the disappearance of TOF was less in the lidocaine groups. Changes of systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were no difference in the lidocaine groups and the nonlidocaine groups. CONCULUSIONS: The results suggest that administration of a vecuronium-lidocaine mixture administraion improves the intubation condition score during a rapid sequence induction of general anesthesia and shortens the time of the disapprearance of the TOF response.
Anesthesia, General ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Intubation ; Lidocaine ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental ; Thumb ; Vecuronium Bromide*

BACKGROUND: For the rapid sequence induction of general anesthesia, succinylcholne, a depolarizing muscle relaxant, has been used. But succinylcholine has many side effects, so various efforts using nondepolarizing muscle relaxants have been tried. We have tried and observed the effect of a curonium-lidocaine mixture administration. METHODS: 120 patients who were scheduled for elective surgery were randomly assigned in 6 groups (Group I, II, III, IL, IIL, IIIL). For groups I, II and III vecuronium was administered only 0.10 mg/kg, 0.12 mg/kg, and 0.15 mg/kg, respectively. For each member of groups IL, IIL and IIIL, lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg was added to the dose of vecuronium of groupI, II and III. The vecuronium or vecuronium- lidocaine mixture was injected for 15 seconds and then thiopental sodium was injected for 15 seconds. 90 seconds after the administration of the vecuronium or vecuronium-lidocaine mixture, every patient was intubated. Intubation condition scores, TOF responses of the adductor pollicis of the thumb, arrhythmia, heart rates, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure were checked and compared. RESULTS: Intubation condition scores were better in groups IL, IIL and IIIL in comparison with groups I, II and III. The TOF responce of the adductor pollicis of the thumb showed a statistically signifiant difference between the lidocaine groups and the nonlidiocaine groups. The time elapsed before the disappearance of TOF was less in the lidocaine groups. Changes of systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were no difference in the lidocaine groups and the nonlidocaine groups. CONCULUSIONS: The results suggest that administration of a vecuronium-lidocaine mixture administraion improves the intubation condition score during a rapid sequence induction of general anesthesia and shortens the time of the disapprearance of the TOF response.
Anesthesia, General ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Intubation ; Lidocaine ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental ; Thumb ; Vecuronium Bromide*