The development of multidrug-resistant tumor cell population is a major problem in the chemotherapy of human cancer. These cells are often cross resistant to unrelated drugs and the precise mechanisms of multidrug resistant phenotype of tumor cells has not been fully elucidated. Cisplatin resistant tumor cell (SNU-1/Cis₅) was induced from human stomach cancer cell line (SNU-1) in vitro. Growth profiles of survival cells were observed during 5 days by thiazolyl blue (MTT) assay. To investigate the cross resistance of various anticancer drugs in SNU-1 and SNU-1/Cis5, We compared the value of IC₅₀-drug concentration at 50% survival of control and gained relative resistances (RR). The RR for SNC-1/Cis₅ were as follows; vinblastine, > 43.0; epirubicin, 22.9; dactinomycin, 16.0; etoposide, 15.0; vincristine, 9.2; adriamycin, 5.7; aclarubicin, 5.3. But 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, daunorubicin have not cross resistance with cisplatin. Resistant inhibition values of 10µM verapamil for SNU-1/Cis₅ were as follows; vincristine, 13.1; epirubicin, 10.0; etoposide, 6.3; vinblastine, 4.4; dactinomycin, 3.6; daunorubicin, 2.4. Membrane proteins of 51,400 and 81,300 daltons were identified by radioiodination with SDS-PAGE, which might represented the drug resistance.
Aclarubicin ; Cell Line ; Cisplatin* ; Dactinomycin ; Daunorubicin ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Resistance ; Drug Resistance, Multiple* ; Drug Therapy ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Epirubicin ; Etoposide ; Fluorouracil ; Humans* ; In Vitro Techniques ; Membrane Proteins ; Methotrexate ; P-Glycoprotein ; Phenotype ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach* ; Verapamil* ; Vinblastine ; Vincristine

The early weight bearing in treatment for tibial fractures was reporded first by Gurd(1940) and in recent by Weissman(1966), Sarmiento(1967), and Brown(1969). 1. One hundred and fifty cases of fractures of the tibia treated at the Orthopedic Department f the 17 th Army Hospital during period of January 1968 to June 1970 were subjected to analysis. Of three groups, first group was applied functional below the knee cast after mannual reduction and started weight bearing on the 5 th weeks from injury, second group was treated with same method as first group except the reduction was achievd surgically, and third group was applied toe-to-groin cast after manipulation with no weight bearing until union. 2. Casting method; The toe-to-groin cast was applied on the day of injury after manipulation and functional below the knee cast was applied tightly after swelling was subsided. Supporting the leg on the table, we could obtain satisfactory alignment in all cases. Especial firm molding over the medial flare of the tibia, Patellar tendon and popliteal space was the most important step in applying this type of the cast. Finally rubber walking heel was held in place throught the tibial axis. 3. Traffic accident was the most common cause of the fractures in this series and it was 78 cases out of 150. 4. The average healing time of the first group was 15.7 weeks, of second group was 19.4 weeks, and of third group was 23.5 weeks. 5. The open and/or comminuted fractures would delay healing time, and prolonged convalescent period. 6. Though slight shortening and angulation was observed in the early weight bearing groups, the final function was excellent.
Accidents, Traffic ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Fungi ; Heel ; Hospitals, Military ; Knee ; Leg ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Patellar Ligament ; Rubber ; Tibia ; Tibial Fractures ; Walking ; Weight-Bearing

No Abstract Available.
Catalase* ; Streptococcus pneumoniae* ; Streptococcus*

No abstract available.

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by excessive bone loss or osteopenia particulary in the axial skeleton at the site of fracture, such as the spine and proximal femur. Since the strength of both spine and femur is directly proportional to the bone mass, this osteoporosis always increases the risk of fracture. In this study, to evaluate whether a simple measurement of femoral geometry and BMD value are related with hip fracture, we obtained DEXA Scan (Lunar Expert-XL) of hip by retrospective study. DEXA scan was measured on 70 control people and 17 hip fracture patients aged 50 or older. The result is I. The mean Ward BMD value of hip fracture group is significantly lower than control group (Hip fracture group: 0.52g/cm2, Control group: 0.67g/cm2 P=0.0001) 2. The mean L-spine BMD value of hip fracture group is significantly lower than control group (Hip fracture group: 0.81g/cm, Control group: 0.97g/cm2 P=0.0002) 3. The mean femur axis length of hip fracture group is longer than control group (Hip fracture group: 6.77g/cm2, Control group: 6.57g/cm2 P=0.006) As a conclusion, the measurement of BMD and hip axis length in DEXA scan is an effective method for screening the hip fracture risk patient and BMD value of femur, hip axis length and L- spine BMD value are strongly associated with hip fracture.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Bone Density* ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Femur ; Hip* ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Osteoporosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Skeleton ; Spine

Pott's paraplegia has been frequently serious complication of tuberculous spondylitis, although antituberculous drugs have improved the prognosis and healing of the disease. There are much controvercy on treatement of Pott's paraplegia, which comprises immobilization with or without anterolateral antituberculous drugs, immobilization and early posterior arthrodesis, anterolatear decompression and radical anterior decompression with anterior spinal fusion. The method of anterior decompression and anterior interbody fusion which was introduced by Hdgson since 1956 has good reults. The author analyzed 27 consecutive cases of Pott's parsplegia operated at orthopedic departement, In Je Paik Hospital from May 1980 to August 1988. The results were as follows, 1. Number of cases in child was nine(33%), both sexes were similar. 2. Regions of spine involved were most common at thoracic spine(62%). Number of affected vertebrae was averaged 3.3 vertebrae. 3. There were nineteen early(70%) and eight late(30%) paraplegia. 4. There were two complete and twenty five incomplete paraplegia. 5. In operative finding, inflammatory products and sequestrated material was extrinsic factor in early in paraplegia. 6. The recovery of the paraplegia occur in twenty cases(74%) 7. The recovery of paraplegia after treatment was far better in type of early onset, type of incomplete paraplegia less than one year duration. 8. The radical anterior decompression and anterior interbody fusion was considered as recommendable method for remove of all pathologic foci, recovery of paraplegia and healing the tuberculosis with stability.
Arthrodesis ; Child ; Decompression ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Paraplegia ; Prognosis ; Spinal Fusion ; Spine ; Spondylitis ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Spinal

Giant cell tumor is a predominantly benign condition but often the tumor is locally aggressive and tends to have high rate of recurrence and it can evolve into a malignant tumor. Thus the lesions have a practically difficult therapeutic problem for the orthopaedic surgeon and any method of treatment has not been satisfied. Between March 1984 and March 1993, clinical observation was carried out on 22 cases of giant cell tumor of bone to analyse the recurrence rate and functional evaluation of the joint according to the treatment methods, pathological grade and cortical destruction. The mean follow-up time was 75. 2 months. The recurrence rate of the intralesional excision group was 54.5% and that of the wide excision group was 9%, There was no relationship between the pathologic grade and recurrence rate. There was no recurrent case in the grade I cortical destruction but almost all of recurrence was occurred in the grade I or II cortical destruction. The functional result of the giant cell tumor occurred around the knee joint was that the mean ratings in the intralesional excision group were 79% and in the wide excision group were 51%. In conclusion, to achieve better joint function and less recurrence rate, intralesional or marginal excision with heat using bone cement or with chemical cauterization using phenol and alcohol can be used for cases of radiological grade I or II, and wide excision for grade III.
Cautery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Giant Cells ; Hot Temperature ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Methods ; Phenol ; Recurrence

The environment in the ICU leads to negative changes in a patient's usual sleep pattern and so contributes negatively to the patient's health condition as compared to patients in general wards. Therefore, it is thought that an important nursing intervention would be to identify the relation between noise and sleep patterns which play an important role in illness recovery. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between noise in the ICU and the sleep pattern of patients admitted to the ICU. A descriptive correlation design was used to examine the relationship. Thirty-four subjects were recruited from a Medical ICU (MICU), Surgical ICU (SICU) and Coronary Care Unit (CCU) at a large university hospital in Suwon. Data were collected from September 28 to October 31 in 1999. In the present study, noise was categorized into noise level and patients' perception of noise. The objective noise level was measured using the A-Weighted Sound Level Meter. The patients' preception of noise was measured using a self-reported questionnaire developed by the researcher. Sleep patterns in this study includes both quantity and quality of sleep. These were measured using open ended questionnaires and the 'Korean Sleep Scale A' developed by Oh, Song, Kim(1998). The data was analyzed using the SPSS-WIN to test the research question, Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was run. Ancillary analysis were conducted with demographic variables to determine their relation to the main study variables. For the ancillary analysis, t-test and one-way ANOVAs were performed. The results of the present study are summerized as follows: 1. The total mean of objective noise level (10pm-6am) was 56.2dB. The means for night time noise level in individual ICUs for the SICU, MICU and CCU, were 58.7dB, 58.6dB and 48.3dB, respectively. The total mean for patients' noise perception was 42.8 out of a maximum possible score of 76. For item means of noise perception, the one ranked highest was "conversations between doctors and nurses" (3.2). The one ranked lowest was "noise from the radio" (1.2). Regarding the degree of perception for each type of noise source, the one ranked highest was "equipment noise" (2.6), the second was "conversation between medical staff" (2.4), the third was "conversation between patients, caregivers and visitors" (2.3), and the one ranked lowest was "environment noise" (1.8). 2. Looking at quantity of sleep of ICU patients, the mean nocturnal sleep time was found to be 4.9 hours. The total mean of sleep quality for ICU patients was 21.0 out of a maximum possible score of 40. 3. The relationship between perception of noise and quantity of sleep was statistically significant(r= - .41, p<.05). The relationship between perception of noise and quality of sleep was also statistically significant(r= - .47, p<.01). The results of the study indicate that personal perception of noise is related to sleep patterns. Therefore, it is suggested that nursing interventions be developed to reduce the degree of personal perception of noise and, thus, decrease sleep pattern disturbances in patients in the ICU.
Caregivers ; Coronary Care Units ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units* ; Critical Care* ; Music ; Noise* ; Nursing ; Patients' Rooms ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the pain characteristics, family support and physical functioning and to determine predictors of the quality of life in aged women with chronic pain. METHOD: The questionnaires were collected through direct interview by a trained research assistant from July 2 to August 24, 2001. Subjects were 108 women clients with chronic pain over 65 years of age. Data analyzed frequency, percentage, mean, Pearson's correlation, ANOVA and stepwise multiple regression by SAS. RESULT: Care providers were mostly spouses and daughters in law. Care providers who took care of elderly for a few hours a day had the highest percentile. Aged women had persistently had chronic pain of moderate intensity and was moderately satisfied with pain management. The mean score of disability due to pain was 3 on a 10 point scale. The mean scores of physical function and quality of life were moderate and there were negative correlations between pain characteristics, physical functioning, and quality of life at the range from r=-.46 to r=-.83. Satisfaction with care, duration of pain, disability due to pain, and physical functioning accounted for 56% of the variance in perceived quality of life for aged women with chronic pain. Disability due to pain was the most predictable variable of quality of life and physical function was the second . CONCLUSION: The results suggest that care by family, education in pain control, prevention of disability, and maintenance of physical function are important to improve and maintain quality of life in aged women with chronic pain. Therefore, there is a need for program development that enhance family support and nursing intervention that focuses on active pain control.
Aged ; Chronic Pain* ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Nuclear Family ; Nursing ; Pain Management ; Program Development ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Spouses

No abstract available.
Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Fertilization in Vitro*