BACKGROUND: Xingnao kaiqiao acupuncture is a series of systematic acupuncture methods with yin channels in domination, assisted by specified standards of quantity manipulation, which was founded according to the pathogenesis of stroke, and it is effective in treating stroke.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of xingnao kaiqiao acupuncture on blood lipids and blood viscosity in stroke patients of different syndrome types.DESIGN: A comparative observation.SETTINGS: Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, and Special Care Ward of Acupuncture, the First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 750 stroke inpatients (466 males and 284 females) were selected from the Special Care Ward of Acupuncture, the First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin College of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January and December in 2001, the average age was (64±12) years,the disease course ranged from 2 hours to 3 years. All the patients were informed and agree with the therapeutic program.METHODS: ① The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiations of stroke were in reference to the fifth edition of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Internal Medicine. There were 688 cases of stroke of meridian and collateral type and 47 cases of stroke attacking zang-fu organs type. ② Huatuo filiform needles produced by Suzhou [1.0-1.5 cun in length, 0.32-0.38 mm in diameter (No. 30-28)] were used in the xingnao kaiqiao acupuncture. Firstly, the acupoints of bilateral Neiguan were acupunctured perpendicularly for about 0.5-1.0 cun, the reducing manipulation by twirling as well as lifting and thrusting the needle was performed for 1 minute; Secondly, the needle was inserted at Renzhong towards nasal septum for about 0.3-0.5 cun, the manipulation of heavy bird-peck needling was used till the eyeballs were wet or tears fell down; Then Sanyinjiao was acupunctured, the needle was inserted along the medial border of tibia at an angle of 45° with skin for about 1.0-1.5 cun, the reinforcing manipulation by lifting and thrusting the needle was performed till the ipsilateral lower limb had three tics; The acupoint of Weizhong was selected by lying and lifting the leg, the needle was inserted perpendicularly for 0.5-1.0 cun, and the reducing manipulation by lifting and thrusting was applied till the ipsilateral lower limb had three tics; The acupoint of Jiquan was acupunctured at 1 cun below the source point along the channel in avoidance of axillary hairs, the needle was inserted perpendicularly for 1.0-1.5 cun, and the reducing manipulation by lifting and thrusting was applied till the ipsilateral upper limb had three tics; The elbow was flexed to 120° for acupuncture at Chize, the needle was inserted perpendicularly for 1.0 cun, the reducing manipulation by lifting and thrusting was applied till the ipsilateral upper limb had three tics. Twice a day for 7 days as a course. ③ After four courses averagely, the whole blood viscosities were detected with the hemorrheologic detector, and the normal ranges for lowshear, middle-shear and high-shear of whole blood viscosities were 6.50-9.25, 4.35-5.45 and 3.65-4.40 mpa ·s respectively. The levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride were detected with blood lipid detector, and the normal ranges were 3.38-6.5 mmol/L and 0.56-0.147 mmol/L.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effects of xingnao kaiqiao acupuncture on the blood lipids and blood viscosity in stroke patients of different syndrome types were observed.RESULTS: Totally 690 and 721 cases finished the detections of whole blood viscosities and blood lipids respectively. There were obviously fewer cases with normal whole blood viscosities in the patients with stroke of meridian and collateral than in those with stroke attacking zang-fu organs (10.3%, 15.4%, P ＜ 0.01), but markedly more cases with higher total cholesterol and triglyceride than in those with stroke attacking zang-fu organs (80.5%, 91.5%; 64.1%, 71.3%; P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: The levels of blood lipids in the patients with stroke of meridian and collateral are more abnormal than in those with stroke attacking zang-fu organs, but their blood viscosities are better than in those with stroke attacking zang-fu organs.

Objective To investigate the effect of irrigation with hypothermic artificial cerebral-spinal fluid (aCSF)on expression of aquaporin-4(AQP-4) in the spinal cord following spinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rabbits.Methods Fifty-four adult male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.0-2.5 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=18 each):group sham operation(S group); group I/R and group irrigation with hypothermic aCSF (FI group). Spinal I/R was induced by clamping the abdominal aorta below renal artery for 60 min. Hypothermic aCSF(25 X.)was infused at L4,5 interspace at a rate of 30 ml/h and drained from L7,8 interspace during spinal ischemia.Neurological function was evaluated at 4, 24, 48 and 72 h of reperfusion and scored (0=no hind limb activity, 4=hind limb function completely recovered) in 6 animals in each group. Six animals were sacrificed at 4, 24 and 72 h respectively in each group.The lumbar segment (L5-8) was removed for measurement of water content and AQP-4 protein expression (by immuno-histochemistry).Results Neurological function scores were significantly lower,water content was higher and AQP-4 expression smaller in group I/R than in group S. I/R-induced effects were significantly attenuated by irrigation of hypothermic aCSF. Conclusion Irrigation with hypothermic aCSF can ameliorate the spinal cord I/R injuries by up-regulation of AQP-4 expression.

Objective To study the influence of mill speed on extract of ultra- fine powder of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae. Methods The extraction rate of ultra- fine powder of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, which passed a 400- mesh screen, was detected and compared with that passed a 100- mesh screen under different mill speeds. At the same time, mathematical models for extraction established with applied hyperbolic function and Weibuer function were compared. Result The extraction rate of the ultra- fine powder was higher than that of the fine powder when the mill speed was over 70 r/min (P 0.05). Applied hyperbolic function was superior to Weibuer function for the simulation of extraction. Conclusion The mill speed has an influence on the extraction of to ultra- fine powder of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, indicating that the effect of divergent function on the extraction should be considered.

Objective To establish the quality standard of Fengshi Bitong Capsule.Methods Notopterygh Rhizoma,Angelicae Pubescentis,and Saposhnikoviae Radix were identified by thin layer chromatography(TLC).Aconitine limit test in this drug also carried out by TLC.The contents of Isoimperatorin in the Notopterygh Rhizoma were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results The spots in the TLC were fairly clear and no interference was shown in the blank samples.The aconitine limited in conformity with the 《Chinese Pharmacopoeia》 2010.Isoimperatorin showed a good linear relationship within a range of 3.668 96-183.448 00 μg· mL-1(r=1).The average of recovery was 96.42%,RSD=2.64%,respectively.Conclusion The established methods are highly specific,stable and reproducible,which can be used as quality control of fengshi bitong capsule.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of prophylactic use of vitamin B6 with chlorpheniramine on the adverse reactions in fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). METHODS:326 patients with FFA were randomly divided into observation group and control group. Observation group was orally given Vitamin B6 tablet 10 mg 30 min before angiography+Chlorpheniramine maleate tablet 4 mg;control group was orally given Metoclopramide tablet 10 mg+Chlorpheniramine maleate tablet 4 mg. The occurrence time and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed and correlation analysis was conducted. RESULTS:There was no significant difference in the occurrence time of adverse reactions between 2 groups(P>0.05);the incidence of adverse reactions in observation group was significantly lower than control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The correlation analysis of adverse reactions in control group showed the occurrence of adverse reactions had no correlation with age and gender of patients(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Prophylactic use of vitamin B6 with chlorphenir arnine can reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions in FFA.

Objective To optimize the parameters for the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)of the ulnar nerve in elbow.Methods 5 groups of DTI sequences with different b values and numbers of diffusion gradient directions (NDGDs)were used to collect ulnar nerve images from 13 volunteers,and then the diffusion tensor tractography (DTT)was established.The fractional anisotropy (FA),apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC),length of ulnar nerve fiber and DTI image quality were compared under different imaging parameters. Results DTI results for 18 normal ulnar nerves were included in the study.Under different imaging conditions,FAs showed no significant differences.With constant NDGDs,increasing b value decreased both image quality and ADCs of the ulnar nerve.NDGDs had no significant effects on ADCs or image quality.When b=1 000 s/mm2 and NDGDs=20,the length of the ulnar nerve fiber was the longest and DTT had the best subjective scoring in image quality.Conclusion b=1 000 s/mm2 and NDGDs=20 is recommended for DTI of elbow ulnar nerve,so as to obtain high image quality and stable observing targets.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect and application value of the self-made spinal positioning equipment and percutaneous pedicle screw fixation system in the treatment of thoracic and lumbar fracture. Methods To determine the fractured vertebra and pedicle screws entrance point with spinal positioning equipment, 67 patients with thoracic and lumbar fractures were performed percutaneous pedicle screw fixation by using self-made percutaneous pedicle screw fixation system. By contrasting the perioperative indicators, and imaging indicators, to evaluate the therapeutic effect and application value of the system. Results For the spinal positioning equipment, the location time were (15.85±2.45) min and the location accuracy were 95.03%±3.27%. But for the open reduction internal fixation, the location time were (35.46±5.39) min and the location accuracy were 94.02%±2.95%. There was no significant difference in location accuracy, but were significant differences in location time (P＜0.05). Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation had the same effect on three sides with open reduction internal fixation in vertebral height restore,kyphosis deformity and correction and lumbar spinal stenosis's correction. The perioperative indicators of the preoperative and postoperative grope had significant difference (P＜0.05). There were significant differences in all perioperative indicators between the percutaneous pedicle screw fixation and the open reduction internal fixation (P＜0.05). Conclusion The spinal positioning equipment is helpful to determine the fractured vertebra and pedicle screws entrance point accurately and reduce the radiation. The percutaneous pedicle screw fixation system has the advantage of convenient manipulation and accurate implantation. The system can not only reduce surgical damage and post-operation reaction but also make patients recover quickly and face less complications.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between body composition and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods:CKD patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Nephrology of Chongqing General Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 and had complete clinical biochemical data were divided into CKD patients with CVD and CKD patients without CVD according to their medical history and corresponding auxiliary examinations. Clinical data were collected and anthropometric measurements were conducted. Skeletal muscle index (SMI), appendage lean mass/height 2, total body fat (TBF), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), bone mineral capacity, bone mineral density and et al, were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. T test, U test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between body composition and CVD. Results:A total of 604 CKD patients were included in this study, including 560 patients (92.7%) with CKD stage 3, 44 patients (7.3%) with CKD stage 4, and 180 CKD patients with CVD (29.8%), 424 CKD patients without CVD (70.2%). Compared with CKD patients without CVD, the proportion of men, the proportion of hypertension, the proportion of diabetes, age, duration of CKD, systolic blood pressure, blood uric acid, waist to hip ratio and waist circumference were higher (all P<0.05), while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were lower in CKD patients with CVD (all P<0.05). In terms of body composition, SMI ( t=-11.964, P<0.001) and body mass index ( t=-4.462, P<0.001) in CKD patients with CVD were significantly lower than those in CKD patients without CVD, but VAT ( t=3.089, P=0.002) and TBF ( t=5.177, P<0.001) in CKD patients with CVD were significantly higher. After adjusting for confounders such as age, CKD duration, hypertension history, diabetes history, LDL-C, body mass index, eGFR, TBF, etc. by multivariate logistic regression analysis, the risk of CKD patients suffering from CVD increased significantly with the decrease of SMI [with SMI high tertile (36.37%-50.80%) as reference, SMI middle tertile (28.23%-36.31%): OR=1.49, 95% CI 1.24-1.71, P=0.003; SMI low tertile (15.28%-28.19%): OR=2.17, 95% CI 1.79-2.62, P<0.001], and VAT was not found to be associated with the risk of CVD in CKD patients ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Reduction of SMI is independently associated with CVD in CKD patients.

Objective To compare transdermal penetration of triamcinolone acetonide liposparticles (TAA-LPPs) and TAA-Ethosomes in vitro. Methods The TAA-LPPs and TAA-Ethosomes were produced and the morphology was observed by transmission electron microscope,particle size was detected by laser particle analyzer. The percutaneous permeability in vitro was tested by modified Franz diffusion pools. The amount of penetrated triamcinolone acetonide and the retention in the skin were de-termined by HPLC. Results The shape of TAA-LPPs and TAA-Ethosomes was almost spherical with mean diameter of (99. 9±1. 3) and (105±1. 4) nm, respectively. The cumulative transdermal penetration of TAA-LPPs, TAA-Ethosomess and TAA suspension was (53. 59±4. 40),(87. 03±4. 87),and (30. 54±8. 61) μg·(cm2 ) -1 , respectively . The drug retention in the skin after 32 h was (1. 02±0. 13), (0. 62±0. 08), (0. 55±0. 17) μg·(cm2 ) -1 , respectively. Conclusion TAA-LPPs is better for transdermal administration of triamcinolone acetonide by reducing systemic absorption of the drug.

Background It is imperative for the microbial monitor after opening the bottle of eyedrops in order to ensure the safety during use of ophthalmic solutions with multi-dose packaging.Objective This study was to research the microbiological properties and sterile duration of methylcellulose (MC) eye drops in three common environmental conditions,including room temperature condition of community,refrigeration condition of community and room temperature condition of hospital.Methods MC eye drops were assigned to the community room temperature group,community refrigeration group and hospital room temperature group,and 200 bottles of MC eye drops with or without ethylparaben were collected in each group,including sealed or unsealed drugs at average.The containers of all the eye drops were opened and the opening times were record.The drugs was admistered 1 drop for 3 times per day,with the opening period for 5-10 seconds.Then the drugs were preserved in different environments based on grouping.Microbial isolation and purification were performed by the same lab technician at 8:00 from 1 through 10 days after opening of drugs with automatic microbial analyzer.Results In the unsealed MC eye drops without ethylparaben,the bacterial positive rates were about 30％ in the community room temperature group,community refrigeration group and hospital room temperature group,but no microbial colony was seen in the sealed eye drops.Ten days after opening of containers,the bacterial cultured rates were 30％,32％ and 36％ in the eye drops without ethylparaben in the community room temperature group,community refrigeration group and hospital room temperature group,and those in the eye drops with ethylparaben were 15％,19％ and 23％,respectively,showing significant differences between the eye drops with and without ethylparaben (x2 =6.452,4.448,4.063,all at P＜0.05).The 95％ confidence interval (CI) of difference values of intergroup bacterial rates were-0.166-0.126,-0.110-0.190 and-0.088-0.208 between the community room temperature group and the community refrigeration group,between the hospital room temperature group and the community refrigeration group,between the hospital room temperature group and the community room temperature group respectively in the unsealed eye drops without ethylparaben,and those in the unsealed eye drops with ethylparaben were-0.159-0.079,-0.089-0.169 and-0.043-0.203 respectively,indicating insignificant differences among the groups.Cultured bacteria were identified as Micrococcus luteus,Acinetobacter lwoffii,Bacillus subtilis,Acinetobacter radioresistens,Myroides and Staptococcus xylosus.Conclusions Ethylparaben can reduce the contamination rate of microorganisms after opening of MC eye drops.Three environmental conditions do not play an influence on microbial contamination of MC eye drops after opening.The bacteria of contaminated eye drops appear to be common microorganisms in atmosphere and soil,rather than eye common pathogens.