Objective:To study age-related changes of stimulated whole saliva flow rate and nitric oxide level in healthy adults.Methods:97 healthy adults were divided into four age groups:20-39 years (youth group), 40-59 years (middle-aged group), 60-79 years (elderly group), and 80 years and over (macrobian group).The volunteers were asked to restrain from breakfast in the morning.After mouth rinse with 2.5 ml/L chlorhexidine,20 ml/L citrate was dropped on the anterior third of the tongue dorsum of the subjects for two minutes at the pace of 1 drop every 20 seconds.Then the subjects rinsed their mouth 3 times with double-distilled water within 1 minute,then saliva was collected for 5 minutes. The volume of saliva was documented. Samples were frozen at -70 ℃ until assayed. The rates were calculated. Nitric oxide concentrations were measured with nitrate reductase and the Griess reagent, and then nitric oxide output (mol/min) was calculated.Results:(1) The flow rate of stimulated whole saliva in youth group was significantly higher than that in middle-aged, aged and macrobian groups(P 0.05 ). (2) There were no significant differences in nitric oxide concentrations between any two of the groups. Output of nitric oxide in youth group was significantly higher than that in middle-aged, aged and macrobian groups(P0.05). Conclusion:Nitric oxide exists in saliva of healthy adults. Stimulated whole saliva flow rate and nitric oxide output decreases with aging.

The fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence technique is widely used in each system organ examination in clinical practice.It has an important value for the diagnosis of various diseases,especially for central nervous system examination.This article reviews the applications and related research of FLAIR technique in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Hedgehog(Hh) pathway plays a key role in a variety of processes, such as embryogenesis, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, tissue repair and carcinogenesis. Recent studies indicate that the aberrant activation of Hh pathway has been linked to multiple types of human cancer. Here, we present an overview of the processing and secretion of Hh pathway and the role of Hh pathway in gastric cancer.

A fluorescence quenching method was established for the determination of H2 S in intestinal perfusate by optical fiber sensing technology combined with micro sequential injection lab_on_valve (μSIA_lov). In the experiment, 100 μL of 0. 1 mol/L NaOH was used as the carrier, and 50 μL of 5. 0×10-5 mol/L fluorescein mercury and 50 μL of sample were selected for the determination. The detection flow rate at the flowcell was 25 μL/s. According to H2 S quenching fluorescence at 521 nm, the concentration of H2 S in the sample was determined. The detected concentration range of H2S was 5. 0×10-6-8. 0×10-5 mol/L, and the detection limit was 5. 4×10-7 mol/L. Detection result of H2S in intestinal perfusion was 3. 8×10-5 mol/L with 3. 1% RSD (n=3). This method can be used for the determination of H2S effectively in the samples, which lay the foundation for real_time online measurement of H2 S in biological samples.

Objective To report the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic internal fixation by using anchor for tibial eminence fracture.Methods From January 2004 to January 2005,12 cases of tibial eminence were treated by arthroscopy with anchor fixation.Rehabilitation therapy was carried out after the operation.Results The mean operation time was 41 minutes(range 37 to 47).No patient had postoperative complications.They were followed up for 15 to 27 months(mean,23 months).The postoperative Lysholm score ranged from 91 to 98 with a mean of 93.The patients could extend the knee in a normal range,without pain or locking.Conclusion Arthroscopic internal fixation using anchor is a safe,simple,and effective treatment for patients with tibial eminence fracture.

Transpedicular screw and rod internal fixation system is the common implants in spinal surgery. Multi-slice spiral CT and magnetic resonance imaging can generate section image, become routine imaging modality in the assessment of the postoperative spinal patients. Magnetic resonance imaging can evaluate the bone marrow and soft tissue, which is the first choice for examination. However, to the patients with metal implants, the existed metal artifacts can decrease the imaging quality. Therefore, multi-slice spiral CT is an important evaluation method for inserted material, os integumentale and anatomy. This article reviewed the production mechanism of metal-related artifacts, influencing factors and decreasing technique.

Objective To observe the changes of ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) and target organ damage (TODs) after antihypertensive treatment in hypertensive patients .Methods A total of 300 cases of newly diagnosed hypertension were screened out and after strictly controlling blood pressure ,completed the ambulatory blood pressure and target organ damage inspection by 1‐year follow‐up .The dynamic changes of AASI and target organ damage were observed .Results After 1‐year anti‐hypertensive therapy ,AASI showed the gradually descending trend ,compared with before treatment ,began to decline at 6 months , decreased significantly after 1 year ;AASI showed the independent positive correlation with the intima‐media thickness(IMT) of ca‐rotid artery ,urine microalbumin(UMA) ,renal vascular resistance index(RRI) and left ventricular mass index(LVMI) ,and inde‐pendent negative correlation with endogenous creatinine clearance rate(Ccr) before and after treatment ;the multiple linear regres‐sion analysis showed that IMT ,UMA ,RRI ,Ccr and LVMI had significant correlation with AASI .After 1 year of therapy ,IMT , UMA ,RRI ,Ccr ,LVMI had shown some improvement(P<0 .05) .Conclusion AASI can be used as an indicator for evaluating arte‐riosclerosis and predicting the target organ damage in hypertension .

The projection of the optic nerve to the visual centers of the frog was studied by means of autoradiographic and terminal degenerating method. The results obtained from the two methods were essentially identical in the distribution of the optic term inals in the lateral geniculate body and the pretectum neuropile contralateral to the [~3H]-leucine injected or enucleated eye. There are also some differences:1. In autoradiographic cross sections at certain level of diencephalon, the Bellonci nucleus contralateral to injected eye has a circular outline. It is filled with the optic terminals. Within the Bellonci nucleus and the lateral geniculate body ipsilateral to the injected eye, the distribution of the optic terminals is clear. The Bellonci nucleus contralateral to enucleated eye, revealed by degenerating technique, has a circular outline too, but the optic terminals mainly concentrate on the peripheral of the nucleus. In the central area of the nucleus there are only few degenerating optic terminals. And the Bellonci nucleus and the lateral geniculate body ipsilateral to enucleated eye have only few degenerating optic terminals. The outlines of the two nuclei can hardly be recognized.2. The optic terminals of the superficial layers of the tectum contralateral to injected eye appear to have random distribution revealed by autoradiographic method, while in the sections of the preparation with degenerating method, the optic terminals have a laminar distribution which is very similar to that obtained with modified Cajal's method.3. The appearance of the midbrain tegmental nucleus revealed by autoradiographic method was much clearer than that revealed by degenerating methodIn addition, it has been observed that the number and distribution of degenerating terminals varied with the animal's survival time after the operation.The causes which bring about the differences, the advantages and disadvantages of the two techniques were discussed.

Parts of the left tecta of the frogs were removed in one group. In another group, the left optic nerves of the frogs were cut through the mouth. The first group of animals survived for 12～26days and the second group 11～22 days. Both right and left retinas (with a small piece of optic nerve attached) were sectioned radially at 25?m on a freezing microtome and stained by Ebbesson-Heimer's method which allow degenerating fibers and terminals stained specially. We did not find any evidences showing degeneration. We concluded that centrifugal fibers coming from the centers to the retinas were absent in the frog.

Objective To replicate a model of type Ⅱ collagen (C Ⅱ) induced arthritis in C57BL/6 mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice were immunized by intradermal injection at the base of the tail with chick type Ⅱ collagen and complete Freund adjuvant emulsion, followed by another injection 21 days later. Manifestations of joint ailment, pathological examination, and T cell subtypes detected by FCM were observed. Results In comparison with control mice, the C57BL/6 mice developed CIA with high incidence (70%) and severity after immunization. Hyperplasia of the synovium and inflammatory infiltration were observed. The percentage of Th1 cells in the peripheral blood of the mice was significantly increased in the peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC). Conclusion The CIA model of C57BL/6 mice and the platform its study were successfully established.