The fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence technique is widely used in each system organ examination in clinical practice.It has an important value for the diagnosis of various diseases,especially for central nervous system examination.This article reviews the applications and related research of FLAIR technique in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

A fluorescence quenching method was established for the determination of H2 S in intestinal perfusate by optical fiber sensing technology combined with micro sequential injection lab_on_valve (μSIA_lov). In the experiment, 100 μL of 0. 1 mol/L NaOH was used as the carrier, and 50 μL of 5. 0×10-5 mol/L fluorescein mercury and 50 μL of sample were selected for the determination. The detection flow rate at the flowcell was 25 μL/s. According to H2 S quenching fluorescence at 521 nm, the concentration of H2 S in the sample was determined. The detected concentration range of H2S was 5. 0×10-6-8. 0×10-5 mol/L, and the detection limit was 5. 4×10-7 mol/L. Detection result of H2S in intestinal perfusion was 3. 8×10-5 mol/L with 3. 1% RSD (n=3). This method can be used for the determination of H2S effectively in the samples, which lay the foundation for real_time online measurement of H2 S in biological samples.

Objective:To study age-related changes of stimulated whole saliva flow rate and nitric oxide level in healthy adults.Methods:97 healthy adults were divided into four age groups:20-39 years (youth group), 40-59 years (middle-aged group), 60-79 years (elderly group), and 80 years and over (macrobian group).The volunteers were asked to restrain from breakfast in the morning.After mouth rinse with 2.5 ml/L chlorhexidine,20 ml/L citrate was dropped on the anterior third of the tongue dorsum of the subjects for two minutes at the pace of 1 drop every 20 seconds.Then the subjects rinsed their mouth 3 times with double-distilled water within 1 minute,then saliva was collected for 5 minutes. The volume of saliva was documented. Samples were frozen at -70 ℃ until assayed. The rates were calculated. Nitric oxide concentrations were measured with nitrate reductase and the Griess reagent, and then nitric oxide output (mol/min) was calculated.Results:(1) The flow rate of stimulated whole saliva in youth group was significantly higher than that in middle-aged, aged and macrobian groups(P 0.05 ). (2) There were no significant differences in nitric oxide concentrations between any two of the groups. Output of nitric oxide in youth group was significantly higher than that in middle-aged, aged and macrobian groups(P0.05). Conclusion:Nitric oxide exists in saliva of healthy adults. Stimulated whole saliva flow rate and nitric oxide output decreases with aging.

Hedgehog(Hh) pathway plays a key role in a variety of processes, such as embryogenesis, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, tissue repair and carcinogenesis. Recent studies indicate that the aberrant activation of Hh pathway has been linked to multiple types of human cancer. Here, we present an overview of the processing and secretion of Hh pathway and the role of Hh pathway in gastric cancer.

Hepatitis C, Chronic ; Humans

Objective To explore the features of ostiomeatal complex under endoscopic observation,so as to provide reliable landmarks for a safe and perfect endoscopic sinus surgery.Methods Twelve heads from adult cadavers(8 males and 4 females) were split axially on midline with the nasal septum removed,and nasal endoscopic operation was performed for the observation of tristar of groove with professional surgical instruments on anterior ethmoid,frontal sinus and maxillory sinus.Results The tristar of groove was consisted of beak of the ethmoidal bulla and its prolonging process,apex of the uncinate process and anterior peak of the middle turbinate,at the region of frontal recess.The structures called meatal groove,uncinate groove and bullar groove were observed around the ethmoidal bulla and the tristar of groove located at their origination.Under endoscopic view these structures looked like a triangular clefts,so it was named.The cells of the meatal groove located anteromedially to the tristar,the cells of the uncinate groove were anterolateral and just inferoposterior to the meatal groove,those of the bullar groove superoposteriorly located to the cells of the uncinate groove.The ostia of these cells were constant and did not connect each other,their locations at the tristar of grooves were fixed relatively.Conclusion Tristar of grooves is a key area for endoscopic frontal sinusotomy.Due to the great structural variations,the constant landmarks,which can be seen under sinus endoscope,and the regular pattern of the nasal sinuses distribution are important and can guide the endoscopic sinus surgery.

The projection of the optic nerve to the visual centers of the frog was studied by means of autoradiographic and terminal degenerating method. The results obtained from the two methods were essentially identical in the distribution of the optic term inals in the lateral geniculate body and the pretectum neuropile contralateral to the [~3H]-leucine injected or enucleated eye. There are also some differences:1. In autoradiographic cross sections at certain level of diencephalon, the Bellonci nucleus contralateral to injected eye has a circular outline. It is filled with the optic terminals. Within the Bellonci nucleus and the lateral geniculate body ipsilateral to the injected eye, the distribution of the optic terminals is clear. The Bellonci nucleus contralateral to enucleated eye, revealed by degenerating technique, has a circular outline too, but the optic terminals mainly concentrate on the peripheral of the nucleus. In the central area of the nucleus there are only few degenerating optic terminals. And the Bellonci nucleus and the lateral geniculate body ipsilateral to enucleated eye have only few degenerating optic terminals. The outlines of the two nuclei can hardly be recognized.2. The optic terminals of the superficial layers of the tectum contralateral to injected eye appear to have random distribution revealed by autoradiographic method, while in the sections of the preparation with degenerating method, the optic terminals have a laminar distribution which is very similar to that obtained with modified Cajal's method.3. The appearance of the midbrain tegmental nucleus revealed by autoradiographic method was much clearer than that revealed by degenerating methodIn addition, it has been observed that the number and distribution of degenerating terminals varied with the animal's survival time after the operation.The causes which bring about the differences, the advantages and disadvantages of the two techniques were discussed.

Parts of the left tecta of the frogs were removed in one group. In another group, the left optic nerves of the frogs were cut through the mouth. The first group of animals survived for 12～26days and the second group 11～22 days. Both right and left retinas (with a small piece of optic nerve attached) were sectioned radially at 25?m on a freezing microtome and stained by Ebbesson-Heimer's method which allow degenerating fibers and terminals stained specially. We did not find any evidences showing degeneration. We concluded that centrifugal fibers coming from the centers to the retinas were absent in the frog.

[Objective]To evaluate the clinical application and results of the anterolateral acromial approach with minimal incision in the treatment of proximal humerus fracture.[Method]From December 2006 to December 2008,42 patients with proximal humeral fracture were treated by the anterorlateral acromial approach using locking plate.There were 25 males and 17 females.All the fractures were classified with AO/OTA classification.There were 5 A2-fractures,11A3-fractures,7 B1-fractures,12 B2-fractures,3 C1-fractures,4 C2-fractures.Anterolateral acromial approach with minimal incision was applied and the deltoid muscle was seperated to expose the fracture fragments.Under direct vision the direct and indirect reduction of the fractures were performed.The locking plate was inserted distally beneath the deltoid muscle and between the distal plate and the humeral shaft was adjusted through another small skin incision on the lateral upper arm.Locking screws were inserted to the proximal and distal plate.Operation time,incision length,blood loss,reduction,Neer scores at 1 year were analyzed in different time points.[Result]All the cases were completed with minimal incision.There were significant differences(P

Objective To replicate a model of type Ⅱ collagen (C Ⅱ) induced arthritis in C57BL/6 mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice were immunized by intradermal injection at the base of the tail with chick type Ⅱ collagen and complete Freund adjuvant emulsion, followed by another injection 21 days later. Manifestations of joint ailment, pathological examination, and T cell subtypes detected by FCM were observed. Results In comparison with control mice, the C57BL/6 mice developed CIA with high incidence (70%) and severity after immunization. Hyperplasia of the synovium and inflammatory infiltration were observed. The percentage of Th1 cells in the peripheral blood of the mice was significantly increased in the peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC). Conclusion The CIA model of C57BL/6 mice and the platform its study were successfully established.