The fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence technique is widely used in each system organ examination in clinical practice.It has an important value for the diagnosis of various diseases,especially for central nervous system examination.This article reviews the applications and related research of FLAIR technique in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Hedgehog(Hh) pathway plays a key role in a variety of processes, such as embryogenesis, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, tissue repair and carcinogenesis. Recent studies indicate that the aberrant activation of Hh pathway has been linked to multiple types of human cancer. Here, we present an overview of the processing and secretion of Hh pathway and the role of Hh pathway in gastric cancer.

Objective:To study age-related changes of stimulated whole saliva flow rate and nitric oxide level in healthy adults.Methods:97 healthy adults were divided into four age groups:20-39 years (youth group), 40-59 years (middle-aged group), 60-79 years (elderly group), and 80 years and over (macrobian group).The volunteers were asked to restrain from breakfast in the morning.After mouth rinse with 2.5 ml/L chlorhexidine,20 ml/L citrate was dropped on the anterior third of the tongue dorsum of the subjects for two minutes at the pace of 1 drop every 20 seconds.Then the subjects rinsed their mouth 3 times with double-distilled water within 1 minute,then saliva was collected for 5 minutes. The volume of saliva was documented. Samples were frozen at -70 ℃ until assayed. The rates were calculated. Nitric oxide concentrations were measured with nitrate reductase and the Griess reagent, and then nitric oxide output (mol/min) was calculated.Results:(1) The flow rate of stimulated whole saliva in youth group was significantly higher than that in middle-aged, aged and macrobian groups(P 0.05 ). (2) There were no significant differences in nitric oxide concentrations between any two of the groups. Output of nitric oxide in youth group was significantly higher than that in middle-aged, aged and macrobian groups(P0.05). Conclusion:Nitric oxide exists in saliva of healthy adults. Stimulated whole saliva flow rate and nitric oxide output decreases with aging.

A fluorescence quenching method was established for the determination of H2 S in intestinal perfusate by optical fiber sensing technology combined with micro sequential injection lab_on_valve (μSIA_lov). In the experiment, 100 μL of 0. 1 mol/L NaOH was used as the carrier, and 50 μL of 5. 0×10-5 mol/L fluorescein mercury and 50 μL of sample were selected for the determination. The detection flow rate at the flowcell was 25 μL/s. According to H2 S quenching fluorescence at 521 nm, the concentration of H2 S in the sample was determined. The detected concentration range of H2S was 5. 0×10-6-8. 0×10-5 mol/L, and the detection limit was 5. 4×10-7 mol/L. Detection result of H2S in intestinal perfusion was 3. 8×10-5 mol/L with 3. 1% RSD (n=3). This method can be used for the determination of H2S effectively in the samples, which lay the foundation for real_time online measurement of H2 S in biological samples.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of rosacea in Xinjiang.Methods From Jan 2013 to Jun 2015,clinical data of hospitalized patients who were diagnosed in the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Autonomous Region as rosacea were analyzed retrospectively.Results (1) The onset age of Uygur and Han were similar,while the incidence of Han was higher than Uygur in 41 ～ 50 age group.(2) The ratio of outdoors was higher in Uygur patients than Han patients.(3) Reactive erythema was the mainly feature in Han patients with obviously self-conscious symptoms including burning,drying,and tingling.The Uyghur patients were present with persistent erythema,papules and pustules;and had facial swelling and mild symptoms.(4) Positive rates of thyroid related antibodies and prolactin were higher in patients with rosacea.Conclusions The clinical features of rosacea are different between Uygur and Han nationalities in Xinjiang.

Objective:To investigate the present situation of medical students′medical ethics education and fur-ther to put forward countermeasures for medical colleges and universities. Method:With the methods of question-naire, literature and interview, medical students of the second grade and above in Xi′an Jiaotong University, Xin-jiang University and Xinjiang Medical University were investigated. SPSS 20. 0 was used to establish a database and frequency analysis method was used to analyze data. Results:It is suggested that some medical students′ motiva-tion to be a doctor is pure and the professional ethical identity is correct. There exist problems in the evaluation of ethics anomie behaviors. The students lack of cognition of medical ethics but pay more attention to medical technol-ogy. Most of the medical students think that clinical practice education and the model demonstration of teachers are conducive to medical ethics education. Conclusion: Universities can develop their own medical ethics education mode through various forms of classroom education, the involvement of old professors in teaching, strengthening learning of medical laws, daily ideological education by counselors and the construction of campus spiritual civiliza-tion.

BACKGROUND: Matrix metal oproteinase inhibitor 1 plays an important role in the inhibition of articular cartilage degeneration and destruction.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of matrix metal oproteinase inhibitor 1 expression level in synovium of knee osteoarthritis rats after treated with penetration needling of long needle.
METHODS: A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into normal group, penetration needling group, drug group and model group, with 10 rats in every group. 1.6% papain solution was injected into knee joint cavity of Sprague-Dawley rats. 2 weeks later, knee osteoarthritis models were established. Rats in the normal and model groups did not receive any intervention. In the penetration needling group, rats were treated by penetration needling with 0.3 mm×125.0 mm filiform needle. Rats in the drug group were intraarticularly injected with sodium hyaluronate.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay: at 4 weeks after treatment, matrix metal oproteinase inhibitor 1 expression in synovial membrane was higher in the normal group than in the model group (P < 0.05). Matrix metal oproteinase inhibitor 1 expression in synovial membrane was higher in the penetration needling group and drug group than in the model group (P < 0.05). (2) Results verified that long needle penetration therapy can effectively increase matrix metal oproteinase inhibitor 1 expression in synovial membrane of knee osteoarthritis model rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of glucocorticoid on ischemia-induced neuronal damage in gerbil hippocampus with forebrain ischemia model.Methods Twenty-one gerbils were randomly assigned to 3 groups (7 animals each). The animal was anesthetized and both common carotid arteries were exposed and separated. Silk threads were looped around these arteries. In group A and group B ,10 ?l saline was given and in group C dexamethasone-water soluble ( 3?g dissolved in 10 ?l saline ) was administered intracerebroventricularly. After a stabilization period of 60 min, transient forebrain ishcmia for 2.5 min was induced in group B and group C by pulling the arteries with 8g weights under the brain temperature of 37.5℃?0.2℃. Seven days after the ischemia, the brains were taken out and fixed with 10% buffered formalin. Brain slices, 5 ?m thick, were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The numbers of preserved pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 field per 1 mm length of stratum pyramidal were counted.Results (1) Compared with those in group A, the preserved pyramidal cells in hippocampal CA1 field were reduced in group B and group C (P

The projection of the optic nerve to the visual centers of the frog was studied by means of autoradiographic and terminal degenerating method. The results obtained from the two methods were essentially identical in the distribution of the optic term inals in the lateral geniculate body and the pretectum neuropile contralateral to the [~3H]-leucine injected or enucleated eye. There are also some differences:1. In autoradiographic cross sections at certain level of diencephalon, the Bellonci nucleus contralateral to injected eye has a circular outline. It is filled with the optic terminals. Within the Bellonci nucleus and the lateral geniculate body ipsilateral to the injected eye, the distribution of the optic terminals is clear. The Bellonci nucleus contralateral to enucleated eye, revealed by degenerating technique, has a circular outline too, but the optic terminals mainly concentrate on the peripheral of the nucleus. In the central area of the nucleus there are only few degenerating optic terminals. And the Bellonci nucleus and the lateral geniculate body ipsilateral to enucleated eye have only few degenerating optic terminals. The outlines of the two nuclei can hardly be recognized.2. The optic terminals of the superficial layers of the tectum contralateral to injected eye appear to have random distribution revealed by autoradiographic method, while in the sections of the preparation with degenerating method, the optic terminals have a laminar distribution which is very similar to that obtained with modified Cajal's method.3. The appearance of the midbrain tegmental nucleus revealed by autoradiographic method was much clearer than that revealed by degenerating methodIn addition, it has been observed that the number and distribution of degenerating terminals varied with the animal's survival time after the operation.The causes which bring about the differences, the advantages and disadvantages of the two techniques were discussed.

Parts of the left tecta of the frogs were removed in one group. In another group, the left optic nerves of the frogs were cut through the mouth. The first group of animals survived for 12～26days and the second group 11～22 days. Both right and left retinas (with a small piece of optic nerve attached) were sectioned radially at 25?m on a freezing microtome and stained by Ebbesson-Heimer's method which allow degenerating fibers and terminals stained specially. We did not find any evidences showing degeneration. We concluded that centrifugal fibers coming from the centers to the retinas were absent in the frog.