This paper reports a brief account of current research work on Oenotherae biennis L., including the utilization of nature resource, pharmacological action and clinical efficacy.

Objective The purpose of the study was to identify the most frequently used nursing diagnoses,interventions,outcomes and linkages using standardized nursing terminologies for elderly patients with abdominal external hernia surgery.Methods For this study a descriptive design was used.The frequently used NANDA-Ⅰ,NIC,NOC,and NNN linkages were identified through 38 elderly patients with abdominal external hernia surgery who were admitted in hospital from March to August in 2014.Data were analyzed by SPSS17.0.Results The finding showed the most frequently used 5 nursing diagnoses were activity intolerance,impaired tissue integrity,deficient knowledge,chronic pain,and risk for falls,the frequency were 15.51％(38/245),15.51％(38/245),15.10％(37/245),14.69％(36/245) and 14.69％(36/245),the most frequently used 5 nursing outcomes were activity tolerance,ambulation,tissue integrity (skin and mucous membranes),wound healing (primary intention) and knowledge (diet) the frequency were 10.05％(38/378),10.05％(38/378),10.05％(38/378),10.05％(38/378) and 9.79％(38/378); the most frequently used 5 nursing interventions were environmental management (comfort),positioning,exercise therapy (ambulation,) incision site care and environmental management the frequency was all 6.96％(38/546).The most frequently used top 10 NNN linkages were also identified in this study.Conclusions The most frequently used NANDA-Ⅰ,NIC,NOC,and NNN linkages for patients with abdominal external hernia surgery from this study not only offer new knowledge to nurses but also provide scope of evidence-based nursing research in abdominal external hernia clinics.

Colonic Diseases ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; Humans ; Interferons ; Ischemia

Objective To investigate the virological response in hepatitis C virus (HCV)genotype 1b relapsers after 48 weeks of peginterferon/ribavirin (peg-IFN/RBV)combination retreatment,and to explore the predictive value of interleukin (IL )-28B rs12978960 genetic polymorphismon virological response.Methods From 2012 to 2014,genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C (CHC)relapsers in He′nan Provincial People′s Hospital were retreated with combined peg-IFN/RBV for 48 weeks and followed up for 24 weeks off-treatment.Host IL-28B genetic polymorphism was detected.Predictive factors associated with virological response and sustained virological response (SVR)were analyzed.Independent-samples t test was conducted in continuous variables,whileχ2 test or Fisher exact probability test was conducted in counts data.Results A total of 61 patients finished 48 weeks of peg-IFN/RBV combination therapy and were further followed up for 24 weeks off-treatment.Mean age was (46.7 ±12.4)years.Thirty-seven patients (60.7%)were male and 49 were rs12978960 CC genotype.After 48 weeks of retreatment with peg-IFN/RBV and 24 weeks of off-treatment follow-up,40 patients (65 .6%)achieved SVR.Rapid virological response (RVR)and SVR of younger patients were both significantly higher than those of older patients (100.0% vs 67.4% and 85 .0% vs 47.6%,respectively;both P =0.006).IL-28B rs12978960 genotype was predictive to RVR and SVR.Patients with RVR and SVR had higher carriage rates of IL-28B rs12978960 CC genotype compared with those without RVR and SVR (both P <0.05 ).Patients with CC genotype had higher rates of RVR (34.1 % vs 0;χ2 = 10.625 ,P =0.006 ),end-of-treatment virological response (84.1 % vs 70.6%;χ2 =5 .563,P =0.039 )and SVR (77.3% vs 35 .3%;χ2 =9.572,P =0.007)than those with CT/TT genotype.However,there were no statistical differences of extended RVR (34.1 % vs 29.4%;χ2 =0.122,P =0.809)and early virological response (79.5 % vs 82.3%;χ2 =0.612,P =0.964).Conclusions Retreatment with antiviral therapy is necessary in CHC patients with genotype 1b. IL-28B rs12978960 genetic polymorphism is predictive to the SVR of retreatment,especially for patients without RVR,which will provide individualized treatment and optimize the treatment strategy.

Objective To investigate the clinical treatment strategy of concomitant diseases and perioperation complications in elderly patients with hip fracture aged ≥ 80 years and the clinical prognosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 95 hip fracture patients aged 80 and over years(80～90 years old) undergoing operation.There were 42 cases with femoral neck fractures and 53 cases with intertrochanteric fracture.71 cases (74.7％) had preoperative concomitant medical diseases.Screw fixation was performed in 3 cases (3.2％),hemiarthroplasty in 75 cases (78.9％),total hip replacement in 4 cases (4.2％),proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) in 9 cases (9.5 ％) and reconstruction interlocking nail fixation in 4 cases (4.2 ％).Results No mortality was found during hospitalization.Postoperative anemia was the most common (74.7％),followed by hypoproteinemia (68.4％),digestive disorders (30.5％),electrolyte disturbance (28.4％) and psychiatric symptoms (15.8 ％).At least one-year follow-up was made in 73 cases.39 cases (53.4 ％) acquired independent activities after surgery,48 (65.8％) patients recovered to the preoperative level of activity.The concomitant diseases before surgery (OR =0.23,P =0.011),preoperative ability of activity (OR=0.23,P=0.025),the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) classification (OR=0.19,P=0.025) were the related factors influencing the one-year mortality.Conclusions The treatment of concomitant diseases should be emphasized in treating fracture.The active prevention during preoperative,intraoperative,postoperative period could reduce or avoid fatal complications and acquire good functions.

The magnetic Illite ( MILT) was firstly prepared by an effective polyol-medium solvothermal method. Based on these 3-( methacryloyloxy) propyl trimethoxysilane ( MILT-MPS), magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) were further synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization in a mixture solution of methanol and deionized water. The as-prepared MMIIPs were characterized by FT-IR, TEM), XRD, TGA and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and the results indicated that the MMIIPs exhibited magnetic sensitivity ( Ms =3. 866 emu / g ), thermal stability and a larger specific surface area (109. 58 m2 / g). The batch mode adsorption studies were carried out to investigate the recognition specificity and selective capacity. The Langmuir isotherm model was fitted to the equilibrium data, and the monolayer adsorption capacity of MMIPs at 25℃ was 86. 58 mg / g. The selective recognition experiments demonstrated high affinity and selectivity of MMIPs towards ciprofloxacin ( CIP) over competitive compounds. Combined with high performance liquid chromatographic analysis technology, the prepared MMIIPs were successfully applied to extract and enrich trace CIP in environmental samples with the CIP recoveries from 93. 4% to 98. 3% and the limit of detection of 0. 01 mg / L.

Objective To summarize the causes of patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO) and to analyze the relationship between infectious diseases and FUO,in order to provide envidence for experiential therapy.Methods Clinical data of 374 FUO inpatients at He'nan Provincial People's Hospital from June 1,2009 to May 31,2013,including gender,age,diagnosis and department were analyzed retrospectively.Results Three hundred and twenty-seven cases among the overall 374 FUO patients (87.4％) were eventually etiological diagnosed based on supplementary examinations or diagnostic treatment.As for the causes of fever,209 were infection,accounting for 55.9％,among which 78 cases (20.9％) were diagnosed with tuberculosis,23 cases (6.1％) brucellic diseases,19 cases (5.1％) rickettsia infection.Meanwhile,the noninfectious diseases,such as connective tissue diseases (47,12.6％),hematonosis (37,9.9％) as well as the solid tumors (13,3.5％) also constituted considerable shares of the causes for FUO.However,the causes of 47 cases (12.6％) were not identified before discharge.Conclusions Infectious diseases are the main cause of FUO,in which tuberculosis accounts for the majority.Brucellosis and rickettsia infection also account for a considerable proportion.The causes of most FUO cases could be identified through detailed analysis of clinical data and supplemental examinations.

To investigate the contamination conditions of Campylobacter spp.in duck production chain and its antimicrobial resistance,virulence gene distribution,samples were collected at the duck slaughterhouse according to GB 4789.9-2014.Triplex PCR assay was applied to identify the species of Campylobacter and the recovered Campylobacter strains were tested for the antimicrobial susceptibility against 8 kinds of antimicrobial agents using a broth microdilution method,the susceptibility results were determined according to the NARMS criteria (2011).Subsequently,4 virulence genes were detected by PCR method.The result showed that 187 Campylobacter isolates were obtained from 489 samples,including 160 C.jejuni,130 C.coli and 10 unidentified Campylobacter isolates.The total isolation rate of Campylobacter was 38.24％.The prevalence of Camnpytobacter before slaughtering,at depilation stage,evisceration stage and duck products was 76.33％,5.62％,24.00％,and 0％,respectively.The Campylobacter isolates were most frequently resistant to tetracycline (95.72 ％),followed by resistance to clindamycin(90.91％),the resistance rate of azithromycin (63.64％) was in the middle,the resistance rates of ciprofloxacin(31.02％),gentamicin(34.76％),nalidixic acid (37.43 ％),erythromycin (41.18 ％),chloramphenicol (41.18％) were relatively low.The multi-drug resistance was common among Campylobacter isolates with a rate of 72.19％.The prevalence of adhesion-associated gene cadF,flagellin gene flaA,invasion associated protein gene iamA,toxin regulation gene cdtB was 100％,80.75 ％,71.12％ and 94.65％,respectively.The results indicated that the Campylobacter contamination occurred in the slaughtering procedures of duck,and the antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolates was relatively serious.In addition,the virulence-associated genes were detected widely among Campylobacter isolates.Therefore,the supervision of antimicrobial agents using at rearing stage should be strengthened,along with health management in duck production chain.

Objective: To observe ascitic interleukin-7 expression level in cirrhotic patients complicated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and to detect the effect of recombinant human IL-7 on CD4⁺ and CD8⁺T lymphocyte function. Methods: A total of 84 patients with liver cirrhosis who were hospitalized from August 2017 to April 2018 were selected. Among them, 51 cases were complicated with cirrhosis and untainted ascites, and 33 cases were cirrhosis complicated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Peripheral blood and ascites were collected routinely. The levels of IL-7 in peripheral blood and ascites were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CD4⁺T cells and CD8⁺T cells were purified from ascites, and were stimulated with recombinant IL-7. Cellular proliferation, key transcription factors for mRNA, and cytokines production by CD4⁺T cells in response to IL-7 stimulation was measured. mRNA expression corresponding to perforin, granzyme B, and granulysin as well as cytokines production by CD8⁺T cells was also measured in response to IL-7 stimulation. Cytolytic and non-cytolytic activity of CD8⁺T cells in response to IL-7 stimulation was also investigated in both direct and indirect contact co-culture system. Measurement data of the normal distribution were compared between the two groups by Student’s t-test and the data before and after stimulation were compared by paired t-test. Measurements that did not conform to normal distribution were compared between the two groups using Mann-Whitney U test, and data before and after stimulation were compared using Wilcoxon paired test. Results: There was no significant statistical difference in serum IL-7 levels between the two groups [(5 001 ± 1 458) pg/ml vs. (4 768 ± 1 128) pg/ml, P = 0.41]. The level of ascitic IL-7 in cirrhotic patients complicated with SBP was significantly lower than cirrhosis patients with untainted ascites [(966.4 + 155.8) pg/ml vs. (792.1 + 126.4) pg/ml, P < 0.01]. Recombinant IL-7 stimulation promoted the proliferation of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺T cells from ascites in patients with liver cirrhosis complicated by SBP. T-bet mRNA relative expression and IFN-γ secretion in CD4⁺T cells was also elevated in response to IL-7 stimulation in vitro. Moreover, IL-7 stimulation also increased the mRNA expressions of perforin, granzyme B, and granulysin as well as productions of IFN-γ and TNF-α by CD8⁺T cells. Recombinant IL-7 stimulation elevated cytolytic and non-cytolytic activity of CD8⁺T cells from ascites in patients with liver cirrohosis complicated by SBP, which manifested as increased target cell death and IFN-γ production in both direct and indirect contact co-culture system. Conclusion Ascitic IL-7 promotes T lymphocyte function in patients with liver cirrhosis complicated with SBP.

Objective: To investigate the effect of hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) in promoting the invasion of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2.2.15 and the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the mechanism. Methods: TLR4 mRNA and protein expression in HepG2 cells and HepG2.2.15 cells was measured by reverse transcription real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. HepG2.2.15 cells were transfected with TLR4 specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence TLR4 expression, and stimulated by recombinant HBcAg in culture. The invasion of cells was measured by Transwell invasion assay. The expression of TLR4 signaling pathway-related proteins in the cultured cells and proinflammatory cytokines in the supernatant was also determined. The student’s t-test, one-way ANOVA, and SNK-q test were used for statistical analysis. Results: TLR4 mRNA and protein expression in HepG2.2.15 cells was significantly higher than that in HepG2 cells. TLR4 siRNA transfection remarkably down-regulated TLR4 expression in HepG2.2.15 cells. Inhibiting TLR4 expression and/or HBcAg stimulation did not affect the proliferation of HepG2.2.15 cells. However, HBcAg stimulation significantly increased the invasion ability of HepG2.2.15 cells and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines [including interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α]. Inhibiting TLR4 expression significantly reduced HBcAg-induced cellular invasion. Meanwhile, HBcAg stimulation elevated the expression of MyD88 and TRIF in HepG2.2.15 cells. TLR4 silencing inhibited HBcAg-induced increase in the expression of MyD88, while it showed no significant impact on TRIF expression. Conclusion HBcAg can promote the invasion of HepG2.2.15 cells. The TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway may be involved in this process by inducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines.